《中考英语总复习》考点51 短文填空之首字母填空-备战2020年中考英语考点一遍过.doc

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1、考点五十一 短文填空之首字母填空首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。二、满分技巧1. 跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断

2、词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。AMy friends and I got to talking ab

3、out the rules that we have in school. At our school, we have to w 1 uniforms every day. The problem is that all my classmates think the uniforms a 2 ugly. We think young people should look s 3 and so we would like to wear our own clothes. Our teachers believe that if we did that, we would concentrat

4、e more on our clothes t 4 our studies. We disagree. We would feel more comfortable and that is good for s 5 . If we cant do that, we should be allowed to design our own uniforms. That would be a good way to keep both teachers and students h 6 . Its also probably a good idea for parents to a 7 teenag

5、ers to study in groups during the evening. I know we get noisy sometimes, b 8 we can learn a lot from each other. We also think that vacations should be longer. At present theyre too short. Longer vacations would g 9 us time to do things like volunteering. Last summer I had an opportunity to volunte

6、er at the local hospital, but I couldnt because I had to go back to school. It would be a good experience for me because I want to b 10 a doctor when I grow up.BThe police find most criminals because somebody tells them who the criminals are. They find other criminals by using science and their comp

7、uters. When there is a bank robbery, the police first look t 1 their computers for the names of the bank robbers that they know about. Then they go and talk to any of these robbers who are not in p 2 . They ask them where they were when the robbery happened. If any of these people cannot give a good

8、 a 3 , the police will often use science to find out if one of them is the robber.Many criminals leave something of themselves at the places of the c 4 like a fingerprint or a hair. Or they take something away on their s 5 or clothes, like dirt or animal hair. If they leave behind some of their b 6

9、or their hair or a piece of skin, it will have their DNA inside it.Everyones DNA is different and their f 7 are also different. So, if a criminal cuts himself during a robbery or leaves his hair, or e 8 a small piece of skin, scientists can find out what his DNA is. The police can then ask the s 9 t

10、o give them his hair or some blood and see w 10 it has the same DNA. Many criminals are in prison today because of this kind of evidences.CRobert was a young man who majored（主修）in creative advertising in college. He walked to his c 1 for daily lessons because he lived nearby. One morning, he went to

11、 his college on foot as he u 2 did. He saw a blind man sitting on the steps of a building with a sign by his feet that r 3 : I am blind, please help. Robert was walking by the blind man and stopped to d 4 that the man only had a few coins in his hat. He put a few of his own coins in the hat, and w 5

12、 stopping to ask for permission(允许), took the sign, turned it around, and wrote a new message. He then placed the sign by the feet of the blind man, and went on his w 6 .Later that afternoon Robert returned by the blind man and n 7 that his hat was almost completely f 8 of bills and coins. The blind

13、 man recognized his footsteps and asked if it was him who had changed his sign. He also wanted to know what was w 9 on it.The young man replied: I just changed your m 10 , so people could relate(联系) to it. He wished the man well, said goodbye and left.The blind man didnt know it, but his new sign no

14、w said：Today Is Spring and I Cannot See It.A（2019 天津市）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整每空限填一词。The villagers in Mhangeni， Africa faced a very big challenge（挑战）They didn't have a school for their kidsThen the village elder thought of an （1）idea He said that there was an old， abandoned （废弃的）farmhouse It

15、could be changed into classrooms after cleaning and furnishing（装设备）it All the villagers were （2）pleasedwith his suggestion and started the project immediately The parents repaired the broken walls Some villagers （3）dividedthe house into three classrooms by using pieces of wood The others helped make

16、 desks and chairs for the students Still， there was much more work to do But the rains were coming They had to （4）stopworking for the school as it was now the best time for them to plantSo the children of Mhangeni decided to finish the house by （5）themselvesThey had to hurry as summer had ended and

17、other schools had already openedThey didn't want to delay（耽搁） their studies Every day they were busy with cutting the grass and clearing the bushes（灌木）The news about the project （6）spreadand many people knew it Two teachers who worked for the country's Department of Education arrived to help

18、 out and two foreign visitors were also touched （感动） by the children's （7）actionsThey donated money for them to buy textbooks and stationeryAfter 10 days of hard work， the new school was （8）readyThe kids were very happy but a bit worriedthey were behind in their studiesBesides（除之外）this， they als

19、o faced many （9）difficultiesThere were not enough classrooms to hold all the students And two or three students had to share one bookHowever， the children are happy to study in school（10）especiallyin their new school which they helped to build Though their school might not be modern， their dream of

20、having a school near their homes has come trueB（2019 湖北省武汉市）阅读下面短文，在空白处写出各单词的正确形式，单词的第一个字母已给出。It was at an exhibition of the artists works organized by the Red Cross. I was invited as a special g_51_to attend the exhibition. During this period, two cute girls of 16 or 17 years old came to me and ask

21、ed me for my signature(签名).“I havent brought my pen. Is the p_52_okay?” Actually, I knew they wouldnt r_53_. I just wanted to show a well-known writers good manners to the c_54_readers. “Certainly,” the young girls readily a_55_. I could see they were very excited. Of course, their excitement also m

22、ade me feel more pleased and satisfied. One of the girls h_56_her fine notebook to me. I turned over the cover of the notebook, wrote a few words of encouragement n_57_and signed my name. The girl read my signature, frowned (皱眉), looked at me carefully and asked, “Arent you Robert Char?”“No,” I told

23、 her proudly, “Im the author of Alice Adams, the w_58_of two Pulitzer Prizes.”The young girl turned to the o_59_,shrugged (耸肩) and said, “Mary, lend your rubber to me.” At that moment, all my p_60_turned into a bubble (泡泡) immediately. Since then, I always warn myself: no matter how outstanding you

24、are, dont think highly of yourself.C（2019 泰州市）根据短文内容及首字母提示，补全空格内单词，使短文完整、通顺。 Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is as dangerous as first-hand smoke. But have you h_71_ of "third-hand" smoke?Third-hand smoke means the pollution left on the surfaces (表面) of things around, l_72_ furniture

25、or clothes. When someone smokes in a room, poisonous particles(粒子) in tobacco (烟草) smoke land on the surfaces of the furniture or his clothes, even after the cigarette (香烟) has been put out. This can cause a great danger to your family, e_73_younger children. Babies have only just learned to walk. T

26、hey are more likely to be harmed by third-hand smoke. This is b_74_ they are often close to surfaces of things. Such as floors, walls and furniture where tobacco particles remain. When they t_75_ these surfaces, they get their hands polluted.So, it is necessary and important to say n_76_ to third-ha

27、nd smoke. To achieve this, strict r_77_ for forbidding (禁止) smoking inside homes should be carved out. If one of your family members smokes, please make sure he smokes o_78_ the house. Get him a special jacket and hat, so once he f_79_ smoking, he will take them off before getting inside the house.

28、Moreover, make sure that a smoker washes his hands and face, and changes his clothes before picking up the baby.Many times, you cannot see the smoke doing harm to your child, but it doesn't mean he or she is s_80_". Give up smoking, or if that is not possible, make sure that your loved ones

29、, far away from third-hand smoke.D（2018天津）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。How do we know the time? A clock, a watch or a cell phone can help us. However many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries people have developed different w_56_of telling the

30、 time.About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians i_57_the sun clock. This was a tall stone structure. Its shadow (影子)showed the movement of the s_58_they were able to determine（测定）midday.About 3,500 years ago, the Egyptians made a sundial. It was smaller than the sun clock and could measure (测量)the time f

31、or half a day. On c_59_days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial.Water clocks were the f_60_clocks not to use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows（流动） from one container（容器）to another. When the water reaches a certain l _61_ it moves a lever (控制杆)and this

32、shows the hours. The Egyptians used water clocks about 3,400 years ago. These clocks were popular in the Middle East and China but they f_62_ to keep accurate（精确的）time.In the 13th century. the mechanical clock was invented. This was more accurate, b_63_was expensive to make. Over the next few centur

33、ies it was developed. For example, springs(发条)were added around 1500. This i_64_accuracy and allowed clocks to be smaller.In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed. Clocks became cheaper to build and own. People began depending on them more and more to run businesses, markets and so on.More rece

34、ntly, in1956, came the digital clock. And nowadays satellites（人造卫星）send our cell phones the time to the exact second. There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping but some things never c_65_. Man of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not missing appointments.E（2017天津）Lan Lan, a

35、student of Grade Seven in Lushan, was taking a drawing class in a tent on April 23. Guess what she drewa house with wings. When the teacher asked why she did so, Lan said if her house could f 1 , it wouldnt fall down in an earthquake.Lans hometown was hit by a s 2 earthquake on April 20. At least 19

36、6 people were killed and more than 11,000 were injured. Many people became homeless. Soldiers and doctors q 3 arrived in the area, saving people and rebuilding homes. Lots of money was sent there to help all those in need.Although we cant prevent (阻止) an earthquake from happening, we can use some me

37、thods to r 4 harm. During an earthquake, do not jump out of high buildings because it is very d 5 . Another method is to cover your head and neck u 6 a strong table or desk. If there is no shelter (躲避处) nearby, you can also stay by a wall, and cover your head and neck with your arms and hands. And t

38、hen you must keep calm and stay there u 7 the shaking stops.Japan is a c 8 which lies on the earthquake belt (地震带) and it is very good at dealing with earthquakes. From a very young age, the Japanese are already taught how to survive (幸存) them. Students often receive earthquake training. Almost in e

39、very Japanese family you can find a survival kit (救生装备) with a flash-light, a radio, water and enough food for several days. This helps people to stay a 9 after an earthquake.There should be more safety t 10 at schools in our country, said Xu Jiannong, an education expert in Beijing. There is no mor

40、e truth than this when ones life is the most important of all.F（2017江苏南京）Kids can make a difference. Craig Kielburger said. When Craig was 12, he s 1 a group that has helped kids all over the world. How did Craig get started? In the seventh grade he learned something that made him a 2 . A 6-year-old

41、 boy in Pakistan was sent to work in a factory. The boy could not go to school. He could not even play. He had no freedom (自由) at all. Craig c 3 that with his own life. Laws in his country said that kids must go to school. E 4 was free to all kids. But in some countries school was not free. Children

42、 from poor families went to work instead of to school. Craig wanted to help those who didnt have the same a 5 as he and his friends. As a result, Craig and some friends started Free The Children. Craig and his friends decided that Free The Children should r 6 money to build schools. Craig hoped that

43、 learning would help kids in poverty (贫困) live b 7 . Today, Craigs charity has more than one million members in 45 countries. It is s 8 going strong. The money they have raised has done many good things. It has helped build more than 500 schools around the world. It also pays for health care in p 9

44、communities. Craig has had a lot of success. However, he still remembers his unpleasant start in the seventh grade. We were laughed at by other kids, who said you c 10 change things, he says. Still, Craig didnt give up. Now he wants more kids to help. Go to . Bring it to your teachers, he says. As y

45、ou gain more confidence, friends will join you. It just gets easier.G（2017山东德州）One afternoon, I went into an art museum while waiting for my husband. I hoped to enjoy the works of art quietly.A young couple walked in front of me and talked a 1 the paintings between themselves all the time. The lady

46、did almost all the talking, but the man kept listening to her. I thought the man was very patient b 2 nobody would like to be bothered (打扰) while enjoying the paintings.I met them several t 3 as I moved through the different rooms of the art museum. Each time I heard her talking, I moved a 4 quickly

47、.I was p 5 for some gifts at the museum shop when the couple walked slowly to the exit (出口). Before they left, the man t 6 out a cane (拐杖). Then he tapped (轻敲) his way to the coatroom to g 7 the jacket for his wife.He is a brave man, the worker of the shop said. He decided not to change his life after his eyes got hurt. Though he is b 8 now, he never gives up. He and his wife come here whenever there is a new art show.But what can he get out of the art? He cant see! I asked.You are wrong.