《中考英语总复习》冲刺卷15 短文填空-2020年《三步冲刺中考·英语》之最新模考分类冲刺小卷（解析版）.doc

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1、冲刺小卷15 短文填空（建议用时：90分钟 满分：100分）一（2019天津市中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。The villagers in Mhangeni, Africa. faced a very big challenge(挑战).They didnt have a school for their kids.Then the village elder thought of an i_1_. He said that there was an old, abandoned (废弃的)farmhouse. It could be cha

2、nged into classrooms after cleaning and furnishing(装设备)it. All the villagers were p_2_with his suggestion and started the project immediatelyThe parents repaired the broken walls. Some villagers d_3_the house into three classrooms by using pieces of wood. The others helped make desks and chairs for

3、the students. Still, there was much more work to do. But the rains were coming. They had to s_4_working for the school as it was now the best time for them to plant.So the children of Mhangeni decided to finish the house by t_5_.They had to hurry as summer had ended and other schools had already ope

4、ned. They didnt want to delay(耽搁) their studies. Everv day they were busy with cutting the grass and clearing the bushes(灌木).The news about the porject s_6 _and many people knew it. Two teachcrs who worked for the countrys Department of Education arrived to help out. and two foreign visitors were al

5、so touched (感动) by the childrens a_7_.They donated money for them to buy textbooks and stationery.After 10 days of hard work, the new school was r_8_.The kids were very happy but a bit worriedthey were behind in their studies.Besides(除之外)this, they also faced many d_9_.There were not enough classroo

6、ms to hold all the students. And two or three students had to share one book.However, the children are happy to study in schoole_10_in their new school which they helped to build. Though their school might not be modern, their dream of having a school near their homes has come true.【答案】1. idea 2. pl

7、eased 3. divided 4. stop 5. themselves 6. spread 7. actions 8. ready 9. difficulties 10. especially【解析】【分析】本文介绍了生活在非洲的mhangeni的村民。他们面临着一个巨大的挑战，他们没有为孩子们提供学校。村长说可以把一座废弃的旧农舍用作教室。所有村民都很满意，立即开始了这项工程。由于雨季的到来，村民们不得不停下来去种植。孩子们决定自己接着修建教室。这个消息不胫而走。两位教师前来帮助。两位外国游客也被孩子们的行为所感动。经过10天的努力，新学校已经准备好了。但是他们还面临许多困难：没有足够

8、的教室容纳所有的学生。两到三个学生不得不共用一本书。虽然这样，但是孩子们还是很高兴的，因为他们在自己修建的学校里读书。1题详解】句意：这时村长想到了一个主意。根据He said that there was an old, abandoned (废弃的)farmhouse. It could be changed into classrooms after cleaning and furnishing(装设备)it. 他说有一座废弃的旧农舍。它可以在打扫清洁和装饰后用作教室。可知，这是村长所想到的一个主意，再结合首字母提示可知，填：idea。因为前面有不定冠词an，因此idea用单数。故答案

9、为idea。【2题详解】句意：所有村民都对他的建议很满意，立即开始了这项工程。根据started the project immediately. 立即开始了这项工程。说明村民们对于村长的提议很满意，再结合首字母提示可知，填：pleased。be pleased with：对感到满意。所以答案为：pleased。【3题详解】句意：一些村民用木头把房子分成三个教室。根据Some villagers d_3_the house into three classrooms by using pieces of wood. 一些村民用木头把房子_ 三个教室。可知，应该是把房子分成三个教室，再结合首字母

10、提示可知，填：divide。本文叙述过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时，divide的过去式为divided。所以答案为：divided。【4题详解】句意：他们不得不停止为学校工作，因为现在是他们种植的最佳时机。根据But the rains were coming. 和as it was now the best time for them to plant.可知，由于雨季的到来，这是人们种植的最好时节，因此应该是停止建学校。再结合首字母提示可知，填：stop。had to是情态动词，后跟动词原形。故答案为stop。【5题详解】句意：于是，mhangeni的孩子们决定自己建成这座房子。do s

11、th. by oneself，oneself用在动词后面，可以强调主语，表示“某人自己”，和by oneself是一个意思，即表示“靠某人自己”的意思。因此本题应该填反身代词，再结合首字母提示和主语the children of Mhangeni可知，填：they 的反身代词themselves。故答案为themselves。【6题详解】句意：关于这个项目的消息传开了，很多人都知道。根据many people knew it. 很多人都知道。可知，这个消息是传开了的。再结合首字母提示可知，填：spread。由and后面的句子and many people knew it.可知，该句话的时态为一

12、般过去时，因此and 前面的句子也要用一般过去时。spread的过去式为spread。所以答案为：spread。【7题详解】句意：两位在该国教育部工作的教师前来帮助。两位外国游客也被孩子们的行为所感动。根据The news about the project s_6_and many people knew it. 关于这个项目的消息传开了，很多人都知道。以及two foreign visitors were also touched (感动) by the childrens a_7_.两位外国游客也被孩子们的_ 所感动。可知，应该是孩子们的行为感动了他们。再结合首字母提示可知，填：acti

13、on。又因为该空前面的the childrens是复数的名词所有格，因此后面的名词应该用复数。故答案为actions。【8题详解】句意：经过10天的努力，新学校已经准备好了。根据After 10 days of hard work, 经过10天的努力。可知，新学校应该是准备好了。再结合首字母提示可知，填：ready。be ready：准备就绪。所以答案为：ready。【9题详解】句意：除此之外，他们还面临许多困难。根据There were not enough classrooms to hold all the students. And two or three students had

14、to share one book. 没有足够的教室容纳所有的学生。两到三个学生不得不共用一本书。可知，这些都是他们所面临的困难。再结合首字母提示可知，填：difficulty。many后面跟可数名词的复数，difficulty的复数为difficulties。所以答案为：difficulties。【10题详解】句意：然而，孩子们很乐意在学校学习，尤其是在他们帮助建立的新学校里。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：especially。especially表示陈述某一事实之后，列举一个具有代表性的例子，作进一步强调，其后可接名词、介词短语、从句等。本题就是为了进一步强调，强调孩子们很乐意在学校里学习。

15、因此填：especially。【点睛】英语首字母填空技巧1. 通读短文知大意，看整体全面了解来源：与阅读理解题和其它类型的完形填空一样，首先要通读短文，了解文章的大意。每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。因此通读全文时要一气呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，细节不理解可以跳过。因此，在解题之前通读一遍短文，目的是对文章有个全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。2. 复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文，目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头（一般不设空）和结尾，它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。在阅读过程中，要注

16、意上、下文的关系，这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处。另外，要学会跳读，即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式，待真正理解全文之后再找解决的方法。有些短文填空题，有时出现约 3%5% 的生词是很正常的，这就要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测，来确定它的词义。3. 反复推敲多分析，慎重答题讲合理再次通读短文，对留空的句子进行全面的分析，看它在全文中所处的位置、作用和意义。这一遍阅读要求是精心阅读，要留心找出关键词、短语或句子，还要结合所给首字母的提示，进行填写，并注意单词的正确形式。例如：第3小题，句意：一些村民用木头把房子分成三个教室。根据Some villagers d_3_the ho

17、use into three classrooms by using pieces of wood. 一些村民用木头把房子_ 三个教室。可知，应该是把房子分成三个教室，再结合首字母提示可知，填：divide。本文叙述过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时，divide的过去式为divided。所以答案为：divided。4. 认真复查全文，把握整体和词形来源：做完以后，再认真读一遍，检查所填写的单词是否与文章要求相符，文章是否通顺，前后是否呼应，有无句型结构及语法错误。二(2019年浙江省宁波市中考真题)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的词。或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。An old man

18、went to India. When he got there, he saw some fruit for sale, but most of it was very cheap. The _ 1_(cheap) thing was a basket of red fruit."How much per kilo?" the old man _ 2_( ask)."Two rupees (卢比) ," the shopkeeper answered. Two rupees in India is almost nothing, _ 3_the old

19、 man bought a whole kilogram and started eating it.However, as soon as he started eating, his mouth began _ 4_ (burn), his eyes began to water, and his whole face became as red _ 5_ the fruit. As he coughed and struggled to breathe, he jumped up and _ 6_, screaming: “Ah! Ah! Ah!”And yet he continued

20、 to eat the fruit. Some people who were looking at him shook their_ 7_ (head) and said, "You are crazy? Those are chili peppers (辣椒) ! You can't just eat them by the handful!”The old man said to _ 8_ (he), "I paid for them, so I must eat them."This old man seemed pretty stupid. Bu

21、t are we so much smarter? All of us have _ 9_ (spend) money and time on something一maybe a relationship, or a business, or a job一and sometimes, even if we know there's no hope that things will change, we still continue with it.What we can learn _10_ the old man is this: if you've lost a lot o

22、ver something that doesnt work, let it go and move on. It's better than continuing to lose.【答案】 1. cheapest 2. asked 3. so 4. to burn/ burning 5. as 6. dawn 7. heads 8. himself 9. spent 10. from 【分析】一个老人去了印度，买了一些红色的水果。当他吃了这种“水果”之后，他的嘴唇发烫，眼泪直流，脸也变得很红，原来他买的是辣椒。当人们都劝他不要再吃的时候，他不听，他觉得自己花钱买的，就要吃掉。通过讲述

23、这个故事作者告诉我们：如果你在一些不成功的事情上失去了很多，那就让它过去，继续前进，总比继续输更好。【 1题详解】句意：最便宜的东西是一篮子红色的水果。cheap便宜的，是一个形容词。根据上句话When he got there, he saw some fruit for sale, but most of it was very cheap.可知，大多数水果都很便宜，这句话说的是其中最便宜的，故这里应填最高级cheapest。【 2题详解】句意：这个老人问：“多少钱一公斤？”ask问，是一个动词。根据文意可知，短文讲述的是发生在过去的一个故事，全文以一般过去时为主叙述，故这里应填过去式as

24、ked。【 3题详解】句意：两卢比在印度几乎一文不值，因此这个老人买了整整一公斤，开始吃起来。根据两句话的意思可知，前一句话表示原因，后面这句话是结果，故这里填连词so，意为“因此，所以”。【 4题详解】句意：然而，他一开始吃，他的嘴就开始发烫，他的眼睛也流出了眼泪，他的脸也变得像那个水果一样红。burn燃烧，发热，是一个动词。空began的原形是begin，意为“开始”，常用于句型begin to do sth.或者begin doing sth.“开始做某事”，因此这里应填to burn或者burning。【 5题详解】句意：然而，他一开始吃，他的嘴就开始发烫，他的眼睛也流出了眼泪，他的脸

25、也变得像那个水果一样红。根据句意可知，这里考查的是短语asas“和一样”，故这里填as。【 6题详解】句意：他咳嗽着，挣扎着呼吸，上下跳跃，尖叫这：“啊，啊，啊！”up and down上上下下，是一个固定短语，故这里应填down。【 7题详解】句意：看到他一些人都摇着头说：“你疯了吗？”head头，是一个名词。根据句意Some people who were looking at him shook可知，这里指的是“一些人的头”，应该用复数，故填heads。【 8题详解】句意：这个老人自言自语说：“我花钱买的，所以我必须吃掉他们。”he是人称代词主格形式，意为“他”。根据句意可知，老人对自己

26、说，故这里应填反身代词himself。【 9题详解】句意：我们所有人都在某事上花费时间或金钱，或许是一段关系、一个事业或者是一份工作。spend花费，是一个动词。这一段是讲完了故事，给我们总结其中的哲理，应用现在时态。空前有have，结合句意可知应用现在完成时，故这里填过去分词spent。【10题详解】句意：从这个老人身上我们学到的东西是：如果你在一些不成功的事情上失去了很多，那就让它过去，继续前进，总比继续输更好。根据句意可知，这里考查的是固定短语learn from从中学到。故应填from。【点睛】这是一篇记叙文，通过讲述一个愚蠢的老人的故事，作者讲述一个道理。题型是语法填空，要求根据文意

27、填写适当的单词，或者用所给单词的适当形式填空。做题时，应先通读短文，了解文章大意；然后根据上下文语境填写适当单词。给出单词的，应根据单词在句中的作用以及句中使用的句型，变化单词的适当形式。例如第5小题，根据句意可知，这里考查的是短语asas“和一样”，表示同级比较，故这里填as。再如第7小题，head头，是一个名词。根据句意Some people who were looking at him shook可知，这里指的是“一些人的头”，应该用复数，故填heads。三（2019年福建省中考真题）短文填词 阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给的单词提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词，要求所填的单词

28、意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。Before paper was invented, people wrote or drew on materials such as bamboo,_1_ slk, animal hide, and wooden blocks. Writing materials were_ 2_(real) expensive and few people learned to read. Therefore, few people wrote. This all changed, thanks_ 3_an man named Cai Lun.Paper h

29、ad already existed (存在) in China , but the process for_ 4_(produce) it was difficult and the paper was of low quality. Cai Lun began experimenting ( 试 验 ) with many different materials and different_5_(method) to turn those materials into paper. In the year 105, he made it from tree bark, bamboo, cl

30、oth rags, and fishing nets. His paper was_ 6_(strong) and cheaper than any paper that had been made before.With Cai Luns papermaking method, Chinese culture_ 7_ru more rapidly over the next several centuries. Thats because ideas were much easier to share_ 8_more people learned to read. The use of pa

31、per spread abroad, helping_ 9_'ð cultures record and spread their ideas. Today, Cai Lun is considered a national hero in China. But_10_whole world should remember the clever Chinese papermaker forever.【答案】1. silk 2. really 3. to 4. producing 5. methods 6. stronger 7. grew 8. and 9. other 10

32、. the【解析】本篇文章难度适中，看主要讲述蔡伦改良造纸术的过程以及中国的造纸术的影响。【 1题详解】句意“在纸被发明之前，人们在竹子、丝绸、兽皮或者木块等材料上写字或画画”。根据音标可知，译为“丝绸”。silk丝绸，故填silk。【 2题详解】句意“书写材料是真地贵，几乎没有人能学读书”。空处修饰形容词expensive，用副词，really真地，故填really。【 3题详解】句意“多亏了一个叫蔡伦的人，一切都改变了”。根据句意可知，译为“多亏”。thanks to多亏，故填to。【 4题详解】句意“在中国，纸已经出现了，但是生产纸的过程是困难的，而且纸的质量不高”。根据空前介词for可

33、知，空处用动词doing形式，故填producing。【 5题详解】句意“蔡伦用不同的材料和不同的方法来试验将这些材料变成纸”。method材料，且根据空前different可知，用复数，故填methods。【 6题详解】句意“他的纸比以前所造的纸都牢固和便宜”。根据than以及空后的and cheaper可知，空处用形容词的比较级，故填stronger。【 7题详解】句意“拥有蔡伦的造纸术，在接下来的几个世纪，中国文化快速发展”。根据音标可知，译为“成长，发展”，且根据句意可知，用一般过去时，故填grew。【 8题详解】句意“那是因为想法更加容易分享且许多人学会了阅读”。根据句意可知，Tha

34、ts because ideas were much easier to share和more people learned to read表示两个原因，并列关系，故填and。【 9题详解】句意“纸的使用也传播到国外，帮助其他的文化记录和传播他们的观点”。根据音标可知，译为“其他的”。other其他的，后接可数名词复数，故填other。【10题详解】句意“但是整个世界都应该永远记住这个聪明的中国造纸者”。根据句意可知，译为“整个世界”。the whole world整个世界，故填the。四（2019年河南省中考真题）阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。 每空

35、限填一词，每词限用一次。方框中有两个词是多余的。The summer holiday was coming but Zach was a little sad. He would have to move_1_ the holiday, leaving his friends and his tree house. The tree house was Zachs favorite place to go to when he wanted to be alone. He also liked _2_ his friends there. They would play for _3_ .Za

36、ch told his mom, “I dont want to move. Im going to miss my friends. Im also going to miss my tree house. I want to take it with me.” “Zach，but we have to_4_ your fathers changed his job. He is already _5 _ waiting for us. You will have a much _6_ bedroom, and you will meet new friends at your new sc

37、hool,” _7_his mom. Zach wasnt so sure.When Zach and his mom arrived, Dad took Zach to the backyard. There, Zach saw a big tree house. “Wow!” Zach shouted. “This is great!” All of a sudden, Zach heard a _8_ voice. “Are you moving in? My name is Joey and I live next _9_ Can I have a look at your tree

38、house?”“I think Im going to _10_ it here after all!” Zach told his mom and dad that night.【答案】1. during 2. taking 3. hours 4. because 5 . there 6. bigger 7. promised 8. boys 9. door 10. like【解析】【分析】该阅读材料是一篇记叙文，本文向同学们介绍了一名小学生Zach因暑假搬迁而引出的故事。【1题详解】句意：假期中他不得不搬家，离开他的朋友和他的树屋。由语境和所给的单词意思可知，选择：during。在期间：d

39、uring。during the holiday：假期中。所以答案为：during。【2题详解】句意：他也喜欢带朋友去那里。由语境和所给的单词意思可知，选择：take。根据题目要求，每空限填一词。故like后只能用动词的-ing形式。又根据语境：他也喜欢带朋友来这里。故答案为：taking。【3题详解】句意：他们会玩几个小时。由语境和所给的单词意思可知，选择：hour。for后接时间段。因此hour要用复数形式。故答案为：hours。【4题详解】句意：Zach，但我们不得不搬迁，因为你父亲换了工作。由语境和所给的单词意思可知，选择：because。结合语境：但是我们不得不搬迁_ 你的父亲换了工

40、作。空缺处前后两句属因果关系，故用because。【5 题详解】句意：他已经在那儿等我们了。由语境和所给的单词意思可知，选择：there。此处应填表示地点的词。语境：他已经在那里等着我们了。所以答案为：there。【6题详解】句意：你会有一个很大的卧室，你会在新学校结识新朋友。由语境和所给的单词意思可知，选择：big。much后接形容词的比较级，故用big的比较级bigger，“一个更大的房间”。故答案为：bigger。【7题详解】句意：妈妈许诺说。由语境和所给的单词意思可知，选择：promise。根据上文可知，Zach的母亲许诺了许多事情，且事情发生在过去，故用promise的过去式prom

41、ised。所以答案为：promised。【8题详解】句意：突然，Zach听到一个男孩的声音。由语境和所给的单词意思可知，选择：boy。voice是名词，因此前面的名词应该用名词所有格形式，而且由冠词a可知，该名词所有格应该为单数。故答案为：boys。【9题详解】句意：我叫乔伊，住在隔壁。由语境和所给的单词意思可知，选择：door。固定搭配next door意为“隔壁”。所以填：door。【10题详解】句意：我想我终究会喜欢上这里的。由语境和所给的单词意思可知，选择：like。语境是：我想我终究会喜欢上这里的。故用like符合题意。be going to后跟动词原形。故答案为：like。【点睛】

42、选词填空题是初中英语的一个重要题型，它集词的用法与搭配、词语辨析、语法、单句理解等考查于一体，既考查了考生的语言知识水平，又检测了考生的分析判断能力和综合运用语言知识的实践能力。1. 在拿到题目后，不要急于看文章，首先对备选的词汇研究几遍，对词性做简单的标记，例如：名词、动词、形容词、副词等等，同时对词义作初步的理解。2. 仔细阅读句子，充分理解句子的意思，注意发现固定搭配关系，凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。3. 在选定单词后，不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中，需要瞻前顾后，既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。当你选定一个名词时，要考虑是否要把

43、它变成复数或“所有格”形式。其他还要考虑名词是否需要变成形容词；在遇到动词时，要有意识地去考虑时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化(动词不定式-to do，现在分词-doing，过去分词-done，固定搭配enjoy doing sth./ used to do sth./ have sth. done)；形容词和副词填空时要主动去判定是否需要变成比较级或高级，还有它们之间的相互转换以及形容词变名词也需考虑，例如：more interesting/the most interesting，happy-happily/happiness；填入代词时，需注意辨别主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主

44、代词或反身代词的用法；数词方面要注意基数词和序数词的变化以及分数的用法。五（2019年广东省深圳市中考真题）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构和上下午连贯要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中的词语的正确形式填空 Jason and Andy are twins They share a lot of things， including room， food and toysOne Saturday， Jason and Andy went out _1_（play） with a toy car Both of them wanted to be the owner of the car， so

45、 they shouted at each other_2_（They） mother heard the boys arguing She came out and told them to take turns to play with the toy car， but the twins wouldn'tA few days later， Mother brought _3_pet home "Can't we each have our own pet dog？" asked the boys They were _4_（tire） of shari

46、ng everything"No! The dog must _5 _（share）" Mother said "You will have to feed the dog and make sure it does not get into anything wrong"Several days later， the dog got into mother's room _6_（secret） and made a mess there Jason saw the dog playing with mother's clothes He

47、 quickly went to find Andy and told him _7_the dog had done"Oh， no! It's our duty to clean up the mess!" _8_（cry） Andy They boys picked up the clothes and put them away rapidly"Just think， Jason，" said Andy， "what a big mess two _9_（dog） would have made!" "I agree _10_ you，" laughed Jason， "Maybe sharing isn't so bad!"【答案】1. to play 2. Their 3. a 4. tired 5. be shared 6. secretly 7. what 8. cried