国际自然资源管理精.ppt
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1、国际自然资源管理国际自然资源管理第1页,本讲稿共29页Summary:lSincetheindustrialrevolution,thenaturalenvironmentisundergoingprofoundchanges,productivityincreased,butthenaturalenvironmenthassufferedenormousdamage.Today,environmentalissueshavebecomeofallmankind.Environmenthasrestrictedthesurvivalofmankindandtheearththemostimpo
2、rtantfactorforsustainabledevelopment.Environmentalissueshavebeenpressingtheneedtoattachgreatimportancetoallcountries,needbroadparticipationofallmankind.第2页,本讲稿共29页Part 1.The main types of environmental pollution:WaterPollutionAirpollutionSoilpollutionLightPollutionNoisePollution第3页,本讲稿共29页Part 2 Var
3、ious major cause of pollution and its control measures(1)WaterPollution1)Therearethreemajorcausesofwaterpollutionsituationgrim:First,theextensivemodeofeconomicgrowththereisnofundamentalchangeinvolumeofpollutantsdischargedoverthewaterenvironmentalcapacity.第4页,本讲稿共29页Second,the lack of ecological wate
4、r.Currently,the Yellow River,Haihe River,Huaihe River Water Resources Development and utilization of more than 50%,which is as high as 95%of the Haihe River,more than 40%of the internationally recognized reasonable limit,serious misuse of ecological water.The third is not sound enough water pollutio
5、n control legislation,law enforcement is not strong environmental protection and awareness of the cadres and the masses is not high.第5页,本讲稿共29页l2007年入夏以来,太湖水位出现50年以来最低值,加上天气连续高温少雨,太湖水富营养化较重,诸多因素导致蓝藻提前一个多月暴发,形成自然灾害。由于无锡城区的生活、生产用水主要取自太湖,部分自来水用户因为受到“臭水”的影响,连洗澡后身上都是臭的,因此造成纯净水销量猛增。第6页,本讲稿共29页2)、)、5 of fr
6、onts to strengthen water environment protection:1、prioritytoprotectthewaterqualityofdrinkingwatersources.以划定城市和农村生活饮用水水源地为重点,组织制定全国城市和农村水源地保护规划,特别是要加快广大农村集中式水源地的划定工作,防治乡镇企业和农业面源污染水源地。在水源地保护区内严格限制各项开发活动。一级保护区内,应禁止一切排污行为和对水源地有影响的旅游和水产养殖等活动第7页,本讲稿共29页Second,raise the level of water pollution control an
7、d promote key water pollution control work.实行污染物排放总量控制制度,依法实行排污许可,严肃查处超标和超总量排污等违法行为。加强农村环境综合整治,严格维护和努力改善农村饮用水源的水质。加快修订水污染防治法,从根本上解决违法成本低、守法成本高、执法成本高的问题。Third,theimplementationofecosystemmanagementtorevivetheriveroflife.水坝建设直接关系水环境安全,流域开发规划和水坝建设都要严格执行环境影响评价制度,分析利弊得失,对严重影响水环境安全的项目坚决不准上。经过环评可以建设的,也要严格按
8、照环评要求,实施环保措施。第8页,本讲稿共29页Fourth,strengthen environmental law enforcement,resolutely punish all acts of unlawful discharge.5,goodwaterqualityinformation,openworkenvironmenttoimplementthepeoplesrighttoknow.继续开展清理整顿违法排污企业、保障群众健康环保行动。集中力量查处小造纸、小酿造、小化工、小印染、规模化畜禽养殖厂和城镇污水处理厂等排污单位的违法排污行为,重点解决一批群众反映强烈的老大难问题。第
9、9页,本讲稿共29页(2)、)、Soil pollutionl1、Thereasonsforsoilpollution(A)ofsewageirrigationonsoilpollution(B)thepollutionofairpollutiononthesoill(C)chemicalfertilizeronsoilpollutionl(D)theimpactofpesticidesonsoill(E)solidwastepollutionofthesoil第10页,本讲稿共29页2、A great harm to soil pollution,can be broadly explain
10、 the following aspects:lFirst,soilpollutantsintheenvironmentthroughvolatilization,erosionandotherwaterdiffusionprocess,furtherpollutingtheatmosphere,waterenvironment,resultinginregionalenvironmentaldegradation.lSecond,theimpactontheplant.Soilpollutantsinexcessofthetolerancelimitsofplantwillcausethep
11、lanttoabsorbandmetabolicdisorders,anumberofpollutantsintheremainingplantswillaffectplantgrowthanddevelopment,leadtoplantvariation.Thetermsofagriculturalproductionwillleadtocropfailures,declineinthequalityofagriculturalproducts.lThird,thesoilpollutiononhumanhealthimpact.Contaminatedsoilinthegrowthoft
12、hecroptoabsorbandaccumulatelargeamountsoftoxicsubstances(plantresidues),thesetoxinsaffecthumanhealthviathefoodchainend(suchasmercury,cadmium,lead,BHC,DDT,etc.).Inaddition,thepathogenpollution,includingparasites,infectiousbacteriaandpathogenicvirus,thediseasecanbetransmitteddirectlytopeople,harmtohum
13、anhealthisevenmoreserious.Soilcontaminatedbyradioactivesubstancesaftertheadoptionofradioactivedecay,toproduce,-rays.Theserayscanpenetratehumantissue,sothatthebodyofsomecelldeath,thevictimdizziness,fatigue,neutropenia,ormore,occurrenceofcancer第11页,本讲稿共29页3The case of soil pollutionl案例一:华县瓜坡镇马泉行政村龙岭村民
14、小组几十年来被癌魔笼罩,这个新年村民们更是过得忧心忡忡,他们不敢食用自产的粮食蔬菜,因为春节前一份来自北京的化验报告初步认为,该村的土壤污染十分严重。龙岭村民小组是一个独立的自然村,位于华县县城8公里外一个形似龙脊的土峁上。自1974年村上发现第一例食道癌患者至今,该村共死亡55人,其中30人死于癌症,其余人死于肺心病、脑血管病等,无一例自然死亡。全村人口从154人锐减至77人,癌病患者和死亡人数连年增多,且呈年轻化。l案例二:1955年日本发生了“镉米”事件。其原因是富山县的农民长期用神通川上游铅锌冶炼厂的废水灌溉稻田,致使土壤和稻米中含镉量增加。人们食用这种稻米,镉在体内积累,引起全身性神
15、经痛、关节痛、骨折,以至死亡。这种疾病以剧烈疼痛为主要症状,被称为痛痛病。残留在土壤中的镉至今还难以清除。l案例三:1974年春季,中国天津地区蓟运河畔的农田,因引灌被三氯乙醛污染的河水,三氯乙醛在土壤中分解产生三氯乙酸,致使大面积的小麦受害。第12页,本讲稿共29页Pollution pictures:第13页,本讲稿共29页4、Soil Pollution Control Measures lToacertainextentthatthecontaminantsinthesoil,theenvironment,exchange.Activitiesofsoilandplantlifeare
16、closelylinked;pollutantsbythesoil-plantsystemandthefoodchainandeventuallyaffecthumanhealth.Therefore,preventionofsoilpollutionisveryimportant.Firstofall,tocontrolandeliminatesourcesofpollution,onthecontaminatedsoil,totakealleffectivemeasurestoeliminatecontaminantsinthesoilorcontrolsoilpollutantsmigr
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