人教新目标版八年级英语上册的复习提纲33413.docx

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1、人教新目标版八年级英语上册的复习提纲-重要知识点1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)： 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)： 主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj.)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)： 表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, th

2、ird, fourth. 5、动词(v.)： 表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)： 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art.)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)： 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)： 用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj.)表

3、示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：Im Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(

4、我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a bi

5、g city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) 同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Wher

6、e is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？) 3、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。 1、合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。 2、派生法： (1)派生名词：动词+er/or 动词+ing 动词+(t)ion 形容词+ness 其他,如：inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge (2)派生形容词：名词+y 名词+ful 动词+ing/ed friendly dange

7、rous Chinese; Japanese English French German 国名+(i)an 如：snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious (3)派生副词：形容词+ly 其它,如：slowly, angrily, fullfully, goodwell, possiblepossibly等等。 3、转换法： (1)形容词动词,如：dry(干燥的)dry(弄干), clean(干净的)clean(打扫,弄干净),等等。 (2)动词名词,如：look,

8、walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。 (3)名词动词,如：hand(手)(传递),face(脸)(面对)等等。 (4)形容词副词,如：earlyearly, fastfast等等。 (5)副词连词,如：when(什么时候)(当时候),等等。 (6)介词副词,如：in(到里)(在里面；在家),on(在上)(进行,继续)。 新目标八年年级（上上）英语语复习提提纲(全全套)UUnitt 1: Hoow oofteen ddo yyou exeerciise?【复习习目标】 会使用用频率副副词及短短语；能能描述课课余时间间的活动动安排；会描述述基本饮饮食

9、结构构。【语语言目标标】 WWhatt doo yoou uusuaallyy doo onn weeekeendss? I sommetiimess goo too thhe bbeacch. Hoow oofteen ddo yyou eatt veegettablles? Eveery dayy. Mosst sstuddentts ddo hhomeeworrk eeverry dday. 【重重点词汇汇】 allwayys, usuuallly , offtenn, ssomeetimmes , hharddly , eeverr, nneveer. hhow oftten, onn

10、ce , ttwicce , thhreee tiimess a weeek , evveryy daay. mmilkk, jjunkk foood, heealtth, unhheallthyy, hhabiit, exeerciise, moost, reesullt, tryy, ddifffereent maaybee, aalthhouggh, armm, ffoott, ttootth, earr, eeye, addvicce, thiirstty ,forrgett, ffiniish, pllan . 【应应掌握的的词组】1. go to the movies 去看电影 2

11、. look after = take care of 照顾3. surf the internet 上网 4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式5. go skate boarding 去划板 6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康7. exercise=take(much)exercise=do sports锻炼 8. eating habits 饮食习惯9. take more exercise 做更多的运动 10. the same as 与什么相同 11. be different from 不同 12. once a month一月一次

12、13. twice a week一周两次 14. make a difference to 对什么有影响 15. how often 多久一次 16. although = though虽然 17. most of the students=most students 18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物19. as for至于 20. activity survey活动调查 21. do homework做家庭作业 22. do house work做家务事 23. eat less meat吃更少的肉 24. junk food垃圾食物 25.

13、be good for 对什么有益 26. be bad for对什么有害27. want to do sth 想做某事 28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事29. try to do sth 尽量做某事 30. come home from school放学回家31. of course = certainly = sure当然 32. get good grades取得好成绩 33. some advice 34. hardly=not nearly / almost not几乎不35. keep/be in good health保持健康 36.be stressed紧

14、张的，有压力的37. take a vacation 去度假 48.get back 回来【应掌握的句子】1.How often do you exercise? 你（你们）多久锻炼一次身体？ How often + 助动词do(does或did) + 主语 + do sth.? 疑问词how often是问频率(多久一次),（在这里助动词do(does或did) 是起帮助构成疑问的作用）与一般现在时或一般过去时连用，回答一般是用表示频率的副词，如：once, twice, three times, sometimes, often, quite, often, never, every da

15、y, once a week , twice a month , three times a month , three or four times a month 等。翻译：“你们多久到工厂去一次？”“每星期两次。” (“How often do you go to the factory?” “Twice a week. ”)“他们多长时间举办一次舞会？”“通常每两周举办一次。” (“How often do they have a dancing party?” “Usually, once every other week.”)“他多久去购一次物？”“一个月一次。” (“How oft

16、en does he go shopping?” “He goes shopping once a month.”)2. “What do you usually do on weekends?” “ I usually play soccer.”“周末你通常做什么？”“我通常踢足球。”第一个do为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个do则是实义动词。 翻译： What do you usually do on weekends? I often go to the movies. What does she usually do on weekends? She sometimes

17、go hiking. 3. “Whats your favorite program?” “Its Animal World.”“你最喜欢什么节目？”“动物世界。”4. As for homework , most students do homework every day . as for.意思是“至于；关于”，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。如： As for him，I never want to see him here. 至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。 As for the story，youd better not believe it. 关

18、于那故事，你最好不要相信。翻译：至于我自己，我现在不想去。 (As for myself, I dont want to go now. )至于那个人，我什么都不知道。(As for the man, I know nothing about him.)5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her . want to do sth. 意思是“想要做某事”； want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。如：Do you want to go to the movies with me？你想和我一起去

19、看电影吗？The teacher doesnt want us to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。6. She says its good for my health.be good for.表示“对有益（有好处）”;其反义为：be bad for.。（这里for 是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）如：Its good for us to do more reading. 多读书对我们有好处。Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。7. How many hours do you sleep every nigh

20、t?8. I exercise every day , usually when I come home from school .9. My eating habits are pretty good .这里pretty相当于very 。10. I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week . try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ，不包含是否成功的意思而try doing sth.表示“（用某一办法）试着去做某事”。如: Youd better try doing the exper

21、iment in another way. 你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。11. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades.help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事12. Good food and exercise help me to study better. 这里better是well的比较级，而不是good的比较级13. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different? Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is

22、her lifestyle different from yours? be the same as / be different from 14. What sports do you play ? 15. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health . keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy16. You must try to eat less meat .try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ,不包含是否成功的意思,less是little的比较级17.

23、That sounds interesting.这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得）,get（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：It tastes good. 这味道好。The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。【词语辨析】一、maybe / may be 1. The baby is crying she

24、is hungry.2. The woman a teacher .maybe 是副词，意为“大概， 可能，或许”，一般用于句首。May be是情态动词，意为“可能是.，也许是.，大概是.”.二、a few / few / a little / little 1. people can live to 100,but people can live to 150.2. There is time left, I dont catch the first bus.3. Could you give me milk? a feww (少少数的，几几个，一一些)a llitttle (一点点儿，少少

25、量)表示肯肯定feew (很少的的，几乎乎没有的的) litttlee (很少的的，几乎乎没有的的)表表示否定定修饰可可数名词词修饰饰不可数数名词三、nnonee / no onee 1、 off thhe ppenss arre mminee . 2、 iss inn thhe cclasssrooom.nonne指人人或物，强强调数量量，用hhow manny提问问，常与与of连连用。nno oone 多指人人，强调调“无人人”这种种状态，用用whoo提问，不不可与oof连用用，作主主语时，其其谓语动动词用第第三人称称单数形形式。四四、haard / hharddly 1. Thee gr

26、rounnd iis ttoo to digg2. I ccan unddersstannd tthemm.3. Itts raiininng ,tthe peooplee caan go outtsidde. harrd作形形容词，意意为“困困难的，艰艰苦的，硬硬的”；作副词词，意为为“努力力地，猛猛烈地”。HHarddly意意为“几几乎不”。Unit 2 Whats the matter?【复习目标】掌握身体各部位名称的英文表达方式能表述身体的种种不适以及对他人身体的种种不适给予适当的建议【语言目标】Whats the matter? I have a headache.You shoul

27、d drink some tea. The sounds like a good idea.I have a sore back. Thats too bad . I hope you feel better soon. 【重点词汇】 head, nose, eye, ear, tooth, neck, stomach, back, leg, arm, foot, throat thirsty, stressed out,/ dentist, lie, rest, honey, water, illness, advice. cold, fever, headache, toothache,

28、stomachache, sore throat【应掌握的词组】1. Have a cold 感冒 2. sore back 背痛 3. neck and neck 并驾齐驱，齐头并进 4. I have a stomachache 我胃痛 = I have got a stomachache = There is something wrong with my stomach= My stomach hurts = I have (got) a pain in my stomach5. Whats the matter? 怎么了？= Whats the trouble (with you)?

29、 = Whats your trouble?= Whats wrong (with you)? = What the matter (with you)? =What has happened to you? = Is there anything wrong (with you)? = whats up?6. sore throat 咽喉痛 7. lie down and rest 躺下休息 8. see a dentist 看牙医 9. drink lots of water 多喝水 10. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 11.Thats a good idea 好主

30、意12.Thats too bad 太糟糕了 13.I think so 我认为如此14. Im not feeling well. 我觉得不太舒服 = Im not feeling fine/all right. = Im feeling ill/sick. =I feel terrible/bad. = I dont feel well.15. get some rest 多休息 16. I have no idea = I dont know 我不知道17. stressed out 筋疲力尽 18. I am tired 我累了 He is tired. 他累了19. a health

31、y lifestyle健康的生活方式 20. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医21. a balance of yin and yang阴阳调和 22. you have too much yin.你阴气太盛23. to eat a balance diet饮食平衡 24. healthy food 健康食品25. stay healthy 保持健康=keep healthy=keep in good health = keep fit 26. enjoy oneself (myself, yourself, herself, himself, themselve

32、s, ourselves, itself反身代词) 玩得高兴，过得愉快=have a good time = have a wonderful time = have fun27. enjoy sth. =like sth. (名词)喜欢某物,enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事=like dong sth practice doing sth.练习做某事，mind doing sth. 介意做某事， finish doing sth.完成某事，give up doing sth.放弃做某事， cant help doing sth.忍不住做某事，keep ding sth. 坚持做某事

33、. （keep on doing sth. / keep sb. doing sth. ） be busy doing sth. 忙着做某事 be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事make a contribution to doing sth.为.做贡献 go on doing sth. 继续做某事forget doing sth.忘记做某事 remember doing sth. 记得做某事spend.(in) doing sth. 花（时间）来做某事prefer doing sth.to doing sth.比起（做.）来更愿意（做.） 28. at the moment

34、 = now 此刻 29. Host family 东道家庭 30. Conversation practice会话练习 31. Im sorry to hear that.听到此事我很难过【应掌握的句子】1 Whats the matter? I have a bad cold. 你怎么了？我得了重感冒。翻译：他怎么了？他胃痛。 魏芳怎么了？她背痛。 2Maybe you should see a dentist. 或许你应该看牙医。翻译：我应该上床睡觉。 李平应该躺下休息。 我们不应该上课吃东西。 3I hope you feel better soon. 我希望你很快好起来。翻译：我希望

35、他明天能来。 4Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy. 传统中医认为我们需要阴阳调和以保持身体健康。翻译：老师认为我们应该努力学习以取得好成绩。 我相信每天晚上睡眠8个小时很重要。 5Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this. 吃党参和黄芪等草本植物也对这有好处。翻译：吃一些蔬菜和水果对你的健康有好处。 看电视太多对你的眼睛有害。 6People who are too stressed out

36、and angry may have too much yang. 太紧张易怒的人或许吃了太多的阳性食物。7Its easy to have a healthy lifestyle, and its important to eat a balanced diet. 有一个健康的生活方式很容易，饮食平衡是很重要的。翻译：学好英语不是很容易的。 上课注意听讲是必要的。 完成作业也很重要。 8When you are tired, you shouldnt go out at night. 疲倦时，晚上你不该外出。翻译：他小的时候就知道应该努力学习。 他5岁就上学了。 我们进教室时，老师已经开始讲

37、课了。 9I believe him, but I cant believe in him. 他的话是真的，但是我不信任他这个人。10I am not feeling very well at the moment. 这段时间我感觉不大好。Im tired and I have a lot of headaches. 我很疲劳，而且经常头痛。11Im stressed out because my Mandarin isnt improving. 我很容易紧张，因为普通话没有长进。12I practice playing the piano every day.我每天练习弹钢琴。翻译：他每天练

38、习踢足球。 我们应该每天练习说英语。 13She had finished writing the letter when I went in.我进去时，她已经写完信了。翻译：他踢完足球去游泳了。 我洗完餐具后去商店了。 14The doctor asked him to give up smoking.医生叫他戒烟。翻译：不要放弃学英语。 15Do you mind closing the window? 请把窗户关上好吗？翻译：在这里吸烟你介意吗？ 16Mary couldnt help laughing at his jokes.对于他的玩笑，玛莉忍不住笑了。翻译：听到这个消息，我忍不住

39、哭了起来。 17They kept working though it was raining.尽管天在下雨，他们仍坚持工作。翻译：我们应该坚持学英语。 Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?【复习目标】会使用现在进行时态表示未来计划会使用wh-特殊疑问句【语言目标】 What are you doing for vacation? Im spending time with my friends. When are you going? Im going next week.How long are you staying? Were staying for two weeks.【重点词汇】babysitting, going sightseeing, going fishinghow long / plan, decide / at home, get back【应掌握的词组】1. babysit ones sister 照顾妹妹 2. visit on