自修复微胶囊的制备及作用机理chachong.docx
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1、分类号: 密级: UDC: 学号:416014617077南 昌 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生学 位 论 文吸波-自修复微胶囊的制备及作用机理Preparation and mechanism of microwave absorbing and self-healing microcapsules汪兴京培养单位(院、系):建筑工程学院指导教师姓名、职称:王信刚 教授申请学位的学科门类:工 学学科专业名称:建筑与土木工程论文答辩日期:2020年05月22日 答辩委员会主席: 评阅人: 年 月 日摘要摘要吸波-自修复微胶囊是基于自修复微胶囊基础上开发的一种多功能微胶囊。吸波-自修复微胶囊将自修复微
2、胶囊与吸波剂有机结合,既兼顾了吸波剂优异的吸波性能,又保留了自修复微胶囊良好的自修复性能。吸波-自修复微胶囊应用于构建屏蔽壳、微波暗室和隐身涂层等功能结构,在国防、建筑和医疗等领域具有广阔应用前景。本文以羰基铁粉为吸波剂、乙基纤维素为壁材、环氧树脂为芯材,采用溶剂蒸发法制备吸波-自修复微胶囊。探究了吸波剂及乳化剂对吸波-自修复微胶囊粒径分布、微观形貌、囊化指标、化学结构以及吸波性能的影响规律,研究了吸波-自修复微胶囊/水泥基复合材料的修复性能,从微观角度分析了吸波-自修复微胶囊的作用机理。主要工作及研究成果如下:(1)采用溶剂蒸发法制备出羰基铁粉改性环氧树脂/乙基纤维素微胶囊,羰基铁粉嵌入乙基
3、纤维素中,两者物理结合成为微胶囊壁材。掺入羰基铁粉使得微胶囊粒径变大,微胶囊粒径分布曲线的D50由79.94m移至120m左右。(2)羰基铁粉增大了微胶囊对电磁波的吸收能力,在测试频段2-18GHz范围内,掺入羰基铁粉微胶囊的电磁波吸收能力均大于未掺入羰基铁粉的微胶囊。当电磁波频率为18GHz时,未掺羰基铁粉微胶囊的电磁波反射损失只有-1.63dB,而掺入粒径3m和0.5m羰基铁粉微胶囊的电磁波反射损失分别为-5.08dB和-5.44dB,分别降低了3.45dB和3.81dB。(3)掺入羰基铁粉可减弱微胶囊间的团聚现象。当羰基铁粉掺量为50%时,微胶囊有较好的分散性,且掺入羰基铁粉粒径为0.5
4、m的微胶囊微观形貌比掺入粒径为3m的微胶囊好。(4)当羰基铁粉掺量相同(掺量50%)时,由于粒径为0.5m的羰基铁粉的颗粒数量比粒径为3m的羰基铁粉更多,与电磁波相互作用的面积更大,能更有效的将电磁波能量转化为其他形式能量。(5)掺入乳化剂SDS可以提升微胶囊的产率。不掺乳化剂SDS时,微胶囊产率在63%左右,当乳化剂SDS浓度的提升至0.2时,微胶囊产率提升至92%左右,之后SDS浓度的提升基本对微胶囊的产率无影响。(6)SDS浓度对吸波-自修复微胶囊的形貌影响较大当乳化剂SDS浓度高于0.3时,有干瘪状吸波-自修复微胶囊出现,且干瘪状吸波-自修复微胶囊数量和干瘪程度随SDS浓度提升而提升。
5、(7)掺入吸波-自修复微胶囊的基体修复性能得到了有效的提升。随着微胶囊掺量增加,净浆试块强度呈现降低的趋势,修复率先增后减,当微胶囊掺量为9%时,有最大修复率为36.01%。(8)掺入吸波剂羰基铁粉提升了微胶囊对电磁波的磁损耗能力,且掺入羰基铁粉后微胶囊对电磁波的介电损耗性能基本保持不变。关键词:微胶囊;吸波性能;羰基铁粉;自修复;乙基纤维素IIAbstractABSTRACTMicrowave absorbing and self-healing microcapsule is a multifunction microcapsule which is an upgrade of self-
6、healing microcapsule. It combines self-healing microcapsule and microwave absorber to reserve the excellent microwave absorbing property and self-healing property. Microwave absorbing and self-healing microcapsule could be used to build the functional structures such as shielding shell, microwave an
7、echoic chamber and stealth coating. It can be widely used in areas such as defense, construction and medical fields.In this dissertation, carbonyl iron powder, ethyl cellulose and epoxy resin were taken as microwave absorber, wall material and core material. The properties such as particle size dist
8、ribution, microtopography, encapsulated indicator chemical structure and wave absorbing property of the microcapsules influenced by the microwave absorber and emulsifier were studied. The self-healing property of microcapsule/ce-ment was studied. Meanwhile the mechanism of microwave absorbing and se
9、lf-healing microcapsule was researched from microcosmic viewpoint. The main achievements and contributions can be listed as follows:(1) The epoxy/ ethyl cellulose microcapsule was prepared by means of solvent evaporation, and the carbonyl iron powder was embedded in ethyl cellulose. The carbonyl iro
10、n powder added increased the particle size of microcapsules. The D50 of particle size distribution curve has been moved from 79.94m to about 120m.(2) The carbonyl iron powder added improved the wave-absorbing property of microcapsules. From the range of 2GHz to 18GHz, the wave-absorbing property of
11、microcapsules which the carbonyl iron powder has been added in performs better than the microcapsule without carbonyl iron powder. At the frequency of 18GHz, the reflection loss of microcapsules without carbonyl iron powder is -1.63dB. While the reflection loss of microcapsules which the carbonyl ir
12、on powder with the particle size of 3m and 0.5m added separately can reach -5.08dB and -5.44dB, that is to say, they have dropped 3.45dB and 3.81dB separately.(3) The number of sticking together microcapsules reduced when the carbonyl iron powder has been added. When the content of carbonyl iron pow
13、der was 50%, the microcapsule has a better dispersion, and the microcapsule with the particle size of 0.5m dispersed better than the microcapsule with the particle size of 3m.(4) When the content of carbonyl iron powder is same (50%), the number of carbonyl iron powder particles with particle size o
14、f 0.5m is more than the powder with particle size of 3m. Thus, the area of powder interacted with electromagnetic wave could be larger. The energy of electromagnetic wave can be converted into other forms much easier.(5) The addition of emulsifier, sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS), increased the yield of
15、 microcapsules. The yield of microcapsules without SDS is about 63%. When the concentration of emulsifier SDS reach to 0.2, the yield of microcapsules could increase to about 92%. After that, the increase of SDS concentration basically had little effect on the yield of microcapsules.(6) The SDS has
16、effect a lot on the morphology of microwave absorbing and self-healing microcapsule. When the concentration of SDS was higher than 0.3, the dried-up microcapsule arisen. The number and degree of dried-up microcapsules increased as the increase content of SDS.(7) The self-healing property of cement b
17、ased material added microwave absorbing and self-healing microcapsules have been improved a lot. With the increasing content of microcapsules, the self-healing property of composites, microwave absorbing and self-healing microcapsules/cement, increased first and then decreased. When the content of m
18、icrocapsules added was 9%, the self-healing efficiency peak at 36.01%.(8) When the carbonyl iron powder was added, the magnetic loss property of microcapsules could be improved, but have little influence on the dielectric loss property of microcapsules.Key Words: microcapsule; wave-absorbing propert
19、y; carbonyl iron powder; self-healing; ethyl celluloseIV目录目 录第1章 绪论11.1 研究背景及意义11.2 国内外研究现状及存在的问题31.2.1 吸波技术研究现状31.2.2 自修复技术研究现状41.2.3 存在的问题61.3 研究目标、研究内容与技术路线71.3.1 研究目标71.3.2 研究内容71.3.3 技术路线71.4 主要创新点8第2章 原材料与试验方法92.1 主要原材料和设备92.1.1 主要原材料92.1.2 主要仪器设备92. 2 实验方法102.2.1 超声分散法102.2.2 溶剂蒸发法112.3 微胶囊的性
20、能表征方法112.3.1 微观形貌观测112.3.2 粒径分布测试122.3.3 化学结构测试122.3.4 热稳定性分析122.3.5 修复效果评价122.3.6 吸波性能测试13第3章 羰基铁粉改性环氧树脂/乙基纤维素微胶囊153.1 微胶囊制备153.2 微胶囊吸波性能163.3 微胶囊粒径分布173.4 微胶囊微观形貌183.5 微胶囊化学结构213.6 微胶囊能谱分析223.7 本章小结24第4章 十二烷基硫酸钠改性吸波-自修复微胶囊254.1微胶囊制备254.2微胶囊微观形貌254.3微胶囊吸波性能284.4微胶囊囊化指标294.5微胶囊热稳定性314.6基体修复效果324.7本章
21、小结33第5章 吸波-自修复微胶囊的作用机理355.1吸波-自修复微胶囊的结构模型355.2吸波-自修复微胶囊的电磁性能365.3吸波-自修复微胶囊的吸波机理375.4吸波-自修复微胶囊的吸波-自修复耦合作用385.4本章小结39第6章 结论与展望406.1 结论406.2 展望41致 谢42参考文献43攻读学位期间的研究成果4745第1章 绪论第1章 绪论1.1 研究背景及意义电子设备被广泛地运用于军事、通讯、工业、科研和医疗等领域给人类工作与生活提供了诸多便利的同时,也带来了日益严重的电磁污染问题1-3。这些电磁波的存在,不仅会干扰精密仪器设备的正常运行,还会影响人们的身体健康4。在军事领
22、域,雷达探测技术在不断发展,当前的吸波材料已逐步无法满足大型武器装备特征信号隐身能力提升需求5。因此,消除电磁干扰的需求在逐步加大,对吸波材料性能的要求也越来越高6-9。通常会通过结构设计或材料改性的方式提高军用武器抗雷达探测能力(雷达隐身能力)10。前者,通过优化结构设计减小武器装备与电磁波的接触面积(雷达截面积),减小武器装备被雷达探测到的概率,进而提升装备的雷达隐身能力。后者,通常是通过改性装备与电磁波接触的表层或主体结构层材料的吸波性能。例如,在装备的表皮喷涂吸波涂层,减少反射波的产生,降低武器装备被雷达探测的概率。结构设计的方式具有一定的局限性,通常会因为与武器装备的功能所需结构设计
23、矛盾,从而易导致装备的综合能力下降。相对而言,采用材料改性的方式较为简单,且可以尽可能的满足武器装备必要的外形结构设计需求。因此,吸波材料在武器装备的雷达隐身功能中扮演着重要的角色11。虽然5G时代的到来会给人们的生活提供诸多便利,但人们对更高频、高能以及高密度电磁波是否危及人体健康的担忧也在加强12。在建筑工程中,常通过改善建材的吸波性能,提升建筑主体对电磁波反射与吸收能力,进而减弱电磁波对建筑内部人与机器设备的影响。将吸波剂与基体材料复合,提升材料对电磁波的介电损耗性能或磁损耗性能,进而提升材料对电磁波的衰减能力是改善材料吸波性能常用的方式之一。其次,会通过对材料的微观结构进行设计,延长电
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