皮肤科基础皮损描述讲稿.ppt

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1、关于皮肤科基础皮损描述第一页，讲稿共三十三页哦皮疹的分类原发性损害（primary lesions）由皮肤病理变化直接产生的病变斑疹、丘疹、斑块、结节、风团、水疱、脓疱、囊肿。继发性损害（secondary lesions）由原发损害转变而来，或由于治疗、搔抓等引起鳞屑、糜烂、浸渍、萎缩、溃疡、结痂、裂隙、瘢痕、抓痕、苔藓化。第二页，讲稿共三十三页哦Macule:Macule:A macule is a A macule is a circumscribed,flat circumscribed,flat lesion that differs lesion that differs from

2、 surrounding from surrounding skin because of its skin because of its color.color.斑疹：斑疹：局限性皮肤颜色改变，不高起或凹陷皮面局限性皮肤颜色改变，不高起或凹陷皮面。第三页，讲稿共三十三页哦AC斑疹：斑疹：局限性色素改变局限性色素改变色素沉着斑（色素沉着斑（A A）色素减退板（色素减退板（B B）炎症性充血（炎症性充血（C C）B第四页，讲稿共三十三页哦PapulePapule：A papule is a small,A papule is a small,solid,elevated solid,elevat

3、ed lesion.lesion.Papules are usually Papules are usually smaller than 1 cm in smaller than 1 cm in diameter.diameter.丘疹：丘疹：局限性实质性隆起，直径小于局限性实质性隆起，直径小于1cm1cm。第五页，讲稿共三十三页哦丘疹：丘疹：局限性实质性隆起，局限性实质性隆起，直径通常小于直径通常小于0.5cm0.5cm炎症性丘疹（炎症性丘疹（左上图左上图）病毒感染性丘疹（病毒感染性丘疹（左下图左下图）斑块：斑块：丘疹融合而成，直径大丘疹融合而成，直径大于于1cm1cm第六页，讲稿共三十三

4、页哦NoduleNodule：A nodule is a palpable,solid,A nodule is a palpable,solid,round or ellipsoidal lesion.round or ellipsoidal lesion.Depth of involvement and/or Depth of involvement and/or substantive palpability rather substantive palpability rather than diameter differentiate a than diameter different

5、iate a nodule from a papule.nodule from a papule.结节：结节：实质性隆起，侵犯深度与直径大于丘疹实质性隆起，侵犯深度与直径大于丘疹第七页，讲稿共三十三页哦结节：结节：实质性隆起实质性隆起肿瘤性结节肿瘤性结节（A）代谢异常性结节代谢异常性结节（B）AB第八页，讲稿共三十三页哦WhealWheal：A wheal,or hive is a round or A wheal,or hive is a round or flat-topped papule or plaque that flat-topped papule or plaque that

6、is characteristically evanescent,is characteristically evanescent,disppearing within 24 hours.disppearing within 24 hours.风团：风团：暂时性、局限性皮肤水肿性隆起，持续时间通常短于暂时性、局限性皮肤水肿性隆起，持续时间通常短于2424小时小时第九页，讲稿共三十三页哦风团：风团：暂时性、局限性皮肤水肿性隆起暂时性、局限性皮肤水肿性隆起第十页，讲稿共三十三页哦Vesicle and bullae:Vesicle and bullae:A vesicle is a circums

7、cribed,elevated lesion that contains A vesicle is a circumscribed,elevated lesion that contains fluid.A bullae is a vesicle larger than 0.5cm.Can be epidermal or subepidermal.fluid.A bullae is a vesicle larger than 0.5cm.Can be epidermal or subepidermal.水疱：水疱：含有液体高出皮面的损害。直径大于含有液体高出皮面的损害。直径大于0.5cm0.5

8、cm为为大疱大疱.AB第十一页，讲稿共三十三页哦水疱：含有液体高出皮面的损害。水疱：含有液体高出皮面的损害。第十二页，讲稿共三十三页哦大疱：大疱：含有液体高出皮面的损害，直径大含有液体高出皮面的损害，直径大于于0.5cm0.5cm。第十三页，讲稿共三十三页哦Pustule:Pustule:A pustule is a A pustule is a circumscribed,raised circumscribed,raised lesion that contains a lesion that contains a purulent exudate.purulent exudate.脓疱脓

9、疱:含有脓液的疱疹。与此类似的损害如含有脓液的疱疹。与此类似的损害如血疱血疱第十四页，讲稿共三十三页哦脓疱脓疱:含有脓液的疱疹含有脓液的疱疹.第十五页，讲稿共三十三页哦Cysts:Cysts:A cyst is a sac that contains liquid A cyst is a sac that contains liquid or semisolid material(fluid,cells,or semisolid material(fluid,cells,and cell products),on palpation,it and cell products),on palpa

10、tion,it is resilient.is resilient.囊肿囊肿:含有液体或半固体物质的囊性损害含有液体或半固体物质的囊性损害,触之有弹性触之有弹性.第十六页，讲稿共三十三页哦 囊肿囊肿:含有液体或半固体物质的囊性损害含有液体或半固体物质的囊性损害,触之有弹性触之有弹性.第十七页，讲稿共三十三页哦Scale,desquamation:Scale,desquamation:Abnormal shedding or Abnormal shedding or accumulation of stratum accumulation of stratum corneum in percep

11、tible corneum in perceptible flakes is called scaling.flakes is called scaling.鳞屑：鳞屑：脱落的表皮细胞及其它成分脱落的表皮细胞及其它成分第十八页，讲稿共三十三页哦鳞屑：鳞屑：脱落的表皮细胞脱落的表皮细胞及其它成分及其它成分第十九页，讲稿共三十三页哦Erosion:Erosion:A erosion is a moist,A erosion is a moist,circumscribed,usually circumscribed,usually depressed lesion that depressed l

12、esion that results from loss of all or a results from loss of all or a portion of the viable portion of the viable epidermis.epidermis.糜烂：糜烂：表皮的缺损，愈后不留疤痕。表皮的缺损，愈后不留疤痕。第二十页，讲稿共三十三页哦糜烂：糜烂：表皮的缺损，浅表表皮的缺损，浅表第二十一页，讲稿共三十三页哦Ulcer:Ulcer:An ulcer is a An ulcer is a depressed lesion in depressed lesion in whic

13、h the epidermis which the epidermis and at least the and at least the upper dermis have upper dermis have been destroied.been destroied.溃疡：溃疡：皮肤缺损达到真皮或真皮以下皮肤缺损达到真皮或真皮以下第二十二页，讲稿共三十三页哦溃疡：溃疡：皮肤缺损达到真皮或真皮以下皮肤缺损达到真皮或真皮以下第二十三页，讲稿共三十三页哦Atrophy:Atrophy:Atrophy refers to a Atrophy refers to a diminution in th

14、e size of diminution in the size of a cell,tissue,organ or a cell,tissue,organ or part of the body.part of the body.萎缩：萎缩：指机体某部分（包括皮肤）减少指机体某部分（包括皮肤）减少第二十四页，讲稿共三十三页哦萎缩：萎缩：指机体某部分（包括皮肤）减少指机体某部分（包括皮肤）减少第二十五页，讲稿共三十三页哦Crusts:Crusts:Crusts are hardened Crusts are hardened deposits that result when deposits

15、 that result when serum,blood,or purulent serum,blood,or purulent exudate debris on the exudate debris on the skin surface,and they are skin surface,and they are characteristic of pyogenic characteristic of pyogenic infections.infections.结痂：结痂：创面上多种成分混合干燥物创面上多种成分混合干燥物第二十六页，讲稿共三十三页哦结痂：结痂：创面上多种成分创面上多种

16、成分混合干燥物混合干燥物。第二十七页，讲稿共三十三页哦皮疹的描述皮疹的描述 专业术语专业术语位置：按照实际位置描述，屈侧，伸侧性质：原发疹，继发疹大小：以实物为参照:针头大，粟粒大，绿豆大，黄豆大，核桃大，鸡蛋大数目：单发，多发颜色：正常皮色，红色，黄色，黑色，蓝色，白色，棕色等分布：对称单侧；局限播散；沿神经血管分布排列：散在融合；孤立群集；线状，环状，带状，不规则状第二十八页，讲稿共三十三页哦常用术语 自觉症状常用术语自觉症状常用术语：瘙痒、疼痛、水肿、肿胀、压痛、针刺样痛、烧灼感第二十九页，讲稿共三十三页哦皮肤检查规范化描述皮肤检查规范化描述红斑：水肿性红斑；白斑：色素减退斑、色素脱失斑；色素沉着斑 瘀点、瘀斑 丘疹：毛囊性丘疹、炎性丘疹、毛周角化性丘疹、粉刺第三十页，讲稿共三十三页哦鳞屑：银白色鳞屑、糠秕状鳞屑、粘着性鳞屑、油腻性鳞屑 结痂：血痂、厚痂、蜜黄色痂瘢痕：萎缩性瘢痕、增生性瘢痕第三十一页，讲稿共三十三页哦 散在分布、密集分布、群集性分布、簇集性分布、对称分布、单侧分布、全身泛发、弥漫性、线状排列、带状排列、串珠状排列、沿血管分布、沿肋间神经分布、向心性分布、伸侧、屈侧、间擦部、皱折部、暴露部位、接触部位第三十二页，讲稿共三十三页哦感谢大家观看第三十三页，讲稿共三十三页哦