高中定语从句用法归纳精选PPT.ppt

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1、关于高中定语从句用法归纳现在学习的是第1页，共34页定语的概念定语的概念：（用来修饰名词的词）（用来修饰名词的词）例：例：A beautiful girl an ugly dog The girl behind the tree is Kate.The man driving too fast was drunk.定语从句定语从句 （用一个句子来修饰名词）（用一个句子来修饰名词）例：例：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.The man who was driving too fast was drunk.现在学习的是第2页，共34页定语从句的相关术

2、语：定语从句的相关术语：被定语从句修饰的那个名词叫做先行词；引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系词的作用是代替先行词并在定语从句中充当一定的成分。The girl who is sitting near the tree is Kate.The door which I knocked on was repaired.现在学习的是第3页，共34页 The building is our school.The building stands by the river.v关系词与先行词关系词与先行词的关系非常密切，关系词的使用取决于的关系非常密切，关系词的使用取决于先行词，因为关系词代替先行词在定语从

3、句中充当一定先行词，因为关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当一定的成分，所以它在一般情况下都紧紧跟在先行词之后。的成分，所以它在一般情况下都紧紧跟在先行词之后。The building which/that stands by the river is our school.先行词先行词 关系词关系词 定语从句定语从句vwhich/that which/that 是关系词，它在从句中代替先行词是关系词，它在从句中代替先行词the the building,building,同时担任从句中的主语。同时担任从句中的主语。现在学习的是第4页，共34页指出下列句子中的先行词，关系词，指出下列句子中的先行词

4、，关系词，主句和从句主句和从句 以及关系词在从句中充当的成分并翻译下列句子。以及关系词在从句中充当的成分并翻译下列句子。1.I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.2.The woman whom we saw on the street got the job.3.The place which he often visits is always full of artists.4.Youre the only person whose advice he might listen to.5.I still remember the days w

5、hen we work together.6.I cant find the place where we met for the first time.7.Is that the reason why you dont like him?现在学习的是第5页，共34页定语从句常用关系词定语从句常用关系词关系代词：who,whom,whose,that,which,as等（代替先行词在句中作主、宾、定等成分）关系副词：where，when,why（在句中作状语）现在学习的是第6页，共34页 关系代词的关系代词的 判判 断断 步步 骤骤:v 首先，要看先行词。首先，要看先行词。如果先行词是指人如果

6、先行词是指人,关系代词关系代词 可用可用 who,whom,that。如果先行词指物如果先行词指物,关系代词关系代词 可用可用which,that;不管先行词指人还是指物，在定语不管先行词指人还是指物，在定语 从句中是所有格的关系就用从句中是所有格的关系就用whosev 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词 主格（不能省）宾格(可省略)所有格 人 who,that（who/whom/that）whose 物 which,that（which/that）whose,of which现在学习的是第7页，共34页关系代词关系代词 1.who1.w

7、ho指人指人,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）The man(who)I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.2.whom2.whom指人指人,作宾语作宾语 (作宾语可省略作宾语可省略,如如 介词提前则不能省介词提前则不能省)The man(whom/who)I talked to is Mr.Li.The man to whom I talked is Mr.Li.现在学习的是第8页，共34页关系代词关系代词 3.whose 3.whose 是代词的所有格形式是代

8、词的所有格形式,它既可以代它既可以代人也可以代物。人也可以代物。Please show me the book.Its cover is red.Please show me the book whose cover is red.I saw a woman.Her bag was stolen.I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.现在学习的是第9页，共34页4.which 4.which 指物，作主语或宾语指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾作宾 语可省略语可省略,如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省)These are the trees which were pl

9、anted last year.The TV set(which)he bought yesterday is made in Japan.Is this the library(which)you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books?现在学习的是第10页，共34页 关系副词的关系副词的 判判 断断 步步 骤骤:v 还是要先看先行词。还是要先看先行词。如果先行词在从句中充当如果先行词在从句中充当 时间状语用时间状语用 when或或介词介词+which;充当地点状语充当地点状语 用用where或或介词

10、介词+which;充当原因状语用充当原因状语用why或或 介词介词+which。I still remember the days when we work together.I cant find the place where we met for the first time.Is that the reason why you dont like him?现在学习的是第11页，共34页如何判断用关系代词还是关系副词I still remember the days when we work together.I still remember the days which we spen

11、t together.I cant find the place where we met for the first time.I cant find the place which you went to last Sunday.Is that the reason why you dont like him?Is that the reason which you told to your mum?现在学习的是第12页，共34页Join the two sentences into one,using attributive clause.1.I know the person.His

12、company produces new machines.2.She is the engineer.Her work is considered to be the best here.3.The girl is standing there.The girl is my elder sister.4.The house is near the tree.The house caught fire last night.I know the person whose company produces new machines.She is the engineer whose work i

13、s considered to be the best here.The girl is my elder sister.who is standing thereThe house caught fire last night.which is near the tree现在学习的是第13页，共34页5.The woman works in a factory.You spoke to her just now.6.This is the house.I was born in the house.7.I will never forget the day.We played in the

14、park on that day.8.This is the reason.He didnt come to school for this reason.The woman works in a factory.whom/who you spoke to just nowThis is the housewhere/in which I was born.I will never forget the day when/on which we played in the park.This is the reason for which/why he didnt come to school

15、.现在学习的是第14页，共34页1.The picture _ you are looking at was drawn by a friend of mine.2.What is the word _ he wanted to look up?3.The writer _ works I admire most is Lu Xun.4.This Mr.Jackson,_ eldest son is a famous doctor.5.Professor Liu,_ I met a moment ago,is over70.6.The girl on the left,_ hair is re

16、d,is called Martha.7.Yesterday we went to visit the house the great writer used to live.8.He was born in the year the Second World War broke out.Fill in the blanks with suitable words:that/whichwhich/thatwhosewhosewhomwhosewhere/in which in which/when现在学习的是第15页，共34页1.Is this the factory _ makes colo

17、r TV sets?2.Is this the factory _ color TV sets are made?3.Do you know the museum _ many famous paintings are on show?4.This is the museum _ opens from Monday to Friday.5.Ill never forget that moment _ the film star took a photo of me.6.I cant forget the days _ we spent together in the small village

18、 many years ago.7.He always wants to go to his hometown and visit the place _ he grew up.8.Kunming is a city _ flowers are seen all the year round.9.The airport _ is 30 kilometers away is the only one in the city.which/thatwhere/in whichwhere/in whichwhich/thatwhen/at whichwhich/thatwhere/at whichWh

19、ere/in whichwhich/that现在学习的是第16页，共34页以下情况，引导词只能用以下情况，引导词只能用that，不用，不用which。1.当当先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。e.g.Finally,the thief handed everything that he had stolen.2.当当先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，只能用只能用that。e.g.This is the best book(that)Ive ever read.He i

20、s the first man that greeted me in the school.现在学习的是第17页，共34页3.先行词被先行词被the only，the very，the last 修饰时，只能用修饰时，只能用that。e.g.He is the only person that I want to see now.You are the very person that I am looking for.4.4.先行词同时指人和指物时，只能用先行词同时指人和指物时，只能用that。e.g.We talked about the things and persons that w

21、e saw then.5.当先行词前有当先行词前有all,every,no,some,any,little,much,few等词修饰时等词修饰时，只能用，只能用that。现在学习的是第18页，共34页定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句制性定语从句。限制性定语从句对被修饰词起到限制、修饰的作用，一般不可缺少。非限制性定语从句起补充、附带说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。e.g.She said she had finished her work,which I doubted very much.Ive got some personal affair

22、s that I have to deal with.现在学习的是第19页，共34页限制性定语从句所修饰的词代表一个或一类特定的人或事物，该种从句是不能去掉的，否则剩下的部分就没有了意义，不能说清楚问题。eg:He is the man who wants to see you.该从句为限制性定语从句，把定语从句去掉只剩下He is the man,没有任何意义。后面的定语从句是修饰和限定前面的先行词的，使其具有一定的意义，故不能去掉。现在学习的是第20页，共34页非限制性定语从句则不然，它只对所修饰的词做进一步说明和修释，使意思更加清晰明白，去掉之后主句仍然成立，仍然有意义。而且非限制性定语

23、从句与主句之间有个明显标志：即用逗号将其隔开。eg:Mr.Smith,who was my first English teacher,retired last week.该句中的非限制性定语从句去掉之后不影响主句的意义成立，但有了它，可使主句的意义更加清晰明白。注意：非限制性定语从句的引导词不能注意：非限制性定语从句的引导词不能用用that (切记！切记！)现在学习的是第21页，共34页以下情况，关系词只能用以下情况，关系词只能用whichwhich,不用不用thatthat。a.引导非限制性定语从句时；引导非限制性定语从句时；b.引导词前有介词时；引导词前有介词时；c.一个句子中若有两个定

24、语从句，一一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一d.个用个用thatthat引导，另一个用引导，另一个用whichwhich引导；引导；e.He bought a book that could give f.him much knowledge and which g.could help him to kill the time.h.注意：当those作为先行词指人时，通常i.只能用who引导；现在学习的是第22页，共34页由as 引导定语从句 由as 引导的定语从句，翻译成“正如”。其先行词是the same,such,或被the same,such所修饰的先行词。Many of the spo

25、rts are the same as they were when they started.The result was not such as he expected.现在学习的是第23页，共34页试比较：This is the same umbrella as I lost yesterday.This is the same umbrella that I lost yesterday.（同类）（同一个）现在学习的是第24页，共34页as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在句首、句 中、句尾，而which在引导非限制性定语从句 时不能放在句首,只能放在句中和句尾。1.As is known

26、to all,Taiwan belong s to China.2.Taiwan belongs to China,which is known to all.3.The earth,as is known to all,is round.as引导的非限制性定语从句时常用来指代主句 的全部内容，而which指代主句的全部内容或 部分内容。1.I gave him a New Year Card,which he enjoyed very much.2.She was married again,which was not expected.as 和和 which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别引导

27、非限制性定语从句时的区别现在学习的是第25页，共34页介词介词+关系代词的用法关系代词的用法要遵循以下原则1.谓语动词的固定搭配谓语动词的固定搭配 e.g.This is the evidence with which the case is connected.2.先行词先行词 e.g.Ill never forget the day on whichwhen I joined the party.现在学习的是第26页，共34页3.句子表达的意思句子表达的意思 e.g.The boss in whose department Mr.King worked got sacked.4.在非限制性

28、定语从句中，名词在非限制性定语从句中，名词/代词代词+of+which/whom表示整体与部分的关系。表示整体与部分的关系。e.g.The workers,some of whom stayed for four years,came from different countries.The old book,the cover of which was red,belongs to my uncle.现在学习的是第27页，共34页He is the person whom I have to take care of.I love the music which Im listening t

29、o.1.固定搭配的情况下不能把介词提前，否则词组失去意义。在定语从句中，在什么情况下介词不可以提前在定语从句中，在什么情况下介词不可以提前到关系代词前到关系代词前？I know the man with whom your father is talking.I know the man that your father is talking with.2.关系代词That前面不能有介词。(但是which/who/whom可以在前面加介词)现在学习的是第28页，共34页 Exercises 1.This is the job _they laughed at.A.which B.as C.it

30、 D.who 2.Beihai Park is a beautiful park_built about 300 years ago.A.where was B.that were C.which was D.where3.Who was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting?A.we saw him B.we saw C.we saw who D.whom was seen4.The man _is painting the house is my uncle.A.heB.whom C.whose D.who5.What is the anim

31、al _baby is sleeping in its pocket?A.who B.whose C.its D.whichACB/DDB现在学习的是第29页，共34页6.This book is for the students _native language isnt English.A.that B.of whom C.whose D.whos7.The robbers shouted,“Hands up!Ill shoot anyone _moves!”A.whom B.that C.who D.whose8.The dictionary_he paid 50 yuan for is

32、 very useful.A.which B.for which C.on which D.about which9The boy_parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now.A.whose B.who C.his D./10.The man_ is smoking is a bus driver.A.whom B.who C.which D.whatCCAAB现在学习的是第30页，共34页 根据汉语完成句子：根据汉语完成句子：1.This is the engineer _ (给我们作关于计算机报告的给我们作关于计算机报告的)t

33、he other day.2.My necklace is not _.(唯一唯一不见的东西不见的东西).3.The man_ (在这间房子里工作的在这间房子里工作的)is an English teacher.4.The old building_(我们我们住的住的)has been here for 30 years.5.The history book _(封皮是黄的）封皮是黄的）was lost.who gave us a talk about computersthe only thing thats missingwho works in the room(that/which)w

34、e live inwhose cover is yellow现在学习的是第31页，共34页 根据汉语完成句子：根据汉语完成句子：6.Here is the pen _ .(你昨你昨天丢失的）天丢失的）7.This is the best book_.(我读过的）我读过的）8.I have lost the pen_.（我（我父亲给我买的）父亲给我买的）9.Wheat is a plant_ _.（中国北方（中国北方 种植的）种植的）10.I dont like the people_.(说得多说得多,做得少的）做得少的）(that/which)you lost yesterday.(that)I have ever read(which/that)my father bought me which/that is grownwho talk too much but do littlein the north of China现在学习的是第32页，共34页 Homework:1.Revise the attributive clause.2.2.Finish the testing paper about the attributive clause.现在学习的是第33页，共34页感谢大家观看现在学习的是第34页，共34页