高中英语名词性从句英语精选PPT.ppt

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1、关于高中英语名词性从句英语现在学习的是第1页，共91页简单句的基本词序简单句的基本词序主语主语动词部分动词部分宾语宾语状语状语（谓语）（谓语）方式方式 地点地点 时间时间Iboughta hat yesterday.The children ran home.We ate our meal in silence.The car stopped suddenly.现在学习的是第2页，共91页现在学习的是第3页，共91页Point out the function of each noun in the following sentences:1.The world loves nature.2.

2、Knowledge is power.3.We Chinese are peace-loving.subjectobjectpredicativesubjectsubjectsubjectappositionpredicative现在学习的是第4页，共91页名词性从句名词性从句名词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语主语 His job is important.What he does is important.表语表语This is his job.This is what he does every day.现在学习的是第5页，共91页宾语宾语 I dont like

3、 his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位语同位语 I dont know about the man,Mr.White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.现在学习的是第6页，共91页什么叫名词性从句？在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun ClausesNoun Clauses）名词从句的功能相当于名词词组名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复它在复合句中能担任合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语主语、宾语、表语、同位语等等因此根据它在句中不

4、同的语法功能，名词因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句语从句和和同位语从句同位语从句现在学习的是第7页，共91页名词性从句名词性从句nounclause 主语从句主语从句subjectclause 宾语从句宾语从句objectclause 表语从句表语从句predicativeclause 同位语从句同位语从句appositiveclause现在学习的是第8页，共91页主语从句主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语在复合句中作主句的主语.引导词有连词引导词有连词that(that 不可不可省省),whether;代词有代

5、词有who,what,which;副词副词when,where,how,why等等.如如:1.That he is a famous singer is known to us.(It is known to us that he is a famous singer.)2.When he will go to America is not yet fixed.(It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.)现在学习的是第9页，共91页We believe(that)he is honest.I told him(that)I would co

6、me back soon.He said(that)he would go there the next day and that his family wouldnt go there.宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语在复合句中作主句的宾语.引导词有连词引导词有连词that(that 常可常可省略省略),whether,if;代词有代词有who,whose,what,which;副副词词 when,where,how,why 等等.如如:现在学习的是第10页，共91页表语从句表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语在复合句中作主句的表语.引导词有连词引导词有连词that(that 不可不可省省)

7、,whether;代词有代词有who,what,which;副词副词 when,where,how,why 等等.如如:The problem is that we didnt get in touch with him.This is how Henry solved the problem.His suggestion is that we(should)finish the work at once.如果句子的主语是如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice.order等名词时等名词时,后面引导后面引导的表语从句用的表语从句用should+动词原形动词原形,should可省略可省

8、略.现在学习的是第11页，共91页同位语从句同位语从句 在句中起同位语的作用在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词一般放在名词 fact,news,idea,promise,thought,suggestion 等之后等之后,用用以说明或解释前面的名词以说明或解释前面的名词.引导词有连词引导词有连词 that;少数少数情况下也可用连接副词等情况下也可用连接副词等.如如:1.The thought that we might succeed excited us.2.The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering.3.

9、The suggestion that the plan(should)be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.名词名词suggestion,advice.order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用要用should+动词原形动词原形,should可省略可省略.现在学习的是第12页，共91页What are noun clauses?What are noun clauses?Hisstoryisinteresting.Whathesaidisinteresting.Iheardhisstory.Iheardwhathesaid.I

10、listentohisstory.Ilistentowhathesaid.Thisishisstory.Thisiswhathesaid.Theideaofgoingthereisgood.Theideathatwegothereisgood.Subject clauseObject clauseObject clause after a prepositionPredictive clauseAppositive clause现在学习的是第13页，共91页Practicetime：指出下列各名词性从句的种类指出下列各名词性从句的种类1.Atlunchtime,theradioweatherm

11、anreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon.2.2.Shewonderedifthebuseswouldstillberunning.3.3.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.4.4.Shesensedthatshewasbeingwatchedbyatallmaninadarkcoat.5.Whenwewillstartisnotclear.6.Ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend.Object clauseObject claus

12、ePredicative clauseObject clauseSubject clauseAppositive clause现在学习的是第14页，共91页名词性从句中的名词性从句中的连接词连接词有有:连词连词:that/whether/as if(though);连接代词连接代词:what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever /whichever，连接副词连接副词:where/when/why/how /wherever/whenever。现在学习的是第15页，共91页引导词引导词句型转换1.They are good doctors.He t

13、old us.2.He hadnt said anything at the meeting.The fact surprised us.He told us that they were good doctors.The fact that he hadnt said anything at the meeting surprised us.总结：当从句原来是陈述句时，变成总结：当从句原来是陈述句时，变成名词性从句用名词性从句用that引导。引导。现在学习的是第16页，共91页3.Does your sister get up early?Do you know?4.Do animals h

14、ave the same senses as humans?I often wonder.Do you know if/whether your sister gets up early?I often wonder if/whether animals have the same senses as humans.总结：当从句原来是一般疑问句时，变总结：当从句原来是一般疑问句时，变成名词性从句用成名词性从句用if或或whether引导。引导。现在学习的是第17页，共91页5.When did he buy this new bike?Could you tell me?6.My questi

15、on is this:where will the lecture be given?Could you tell me when he bought this new bike?My question is where the lecture will be given.总结：当从句原来是特殊疑问句时，变总结：当从句原来是特殊疑问句时，变成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑问词来成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑问词来引导。引导。现在学习的是第18页，共91页总结：名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。另总结：名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。另外，一般情况下，名词性从句均看作单外，一般情况下，名词性从句均看作单数概念。

16、由数概念。由what引导的一般看后面的表引导的一般看后面的表语。宾语从句的时态一般与主句保持一语。宾语从句的时态一般与主句保持一致。致。1.What we need more time.2.What we need more English dictionaries.areis现在学习的是第19页，共91页Practice time.单句改错1.That the earth turns around the sun are known to all.2.When the meeting will be held havent been known yet.3.I didnt know that

17、 you will come.4.He said that he is writing a story.5.Could you tell me when will he arrive?6.You can begin to see why does English have such strange rules._is_hasnt_would_was_hewill_Englishhas现在学习的是第20页，共91页Object Clauses 宾语从句宾语从句现在学习的是第21页，共91页1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语（简单句）（简单句）主语主语谓语

18、谓语宾宾语语从从句句连词连词从句主语从句主语 从句谓语从句谓语 主主 句句（复合句）（复合句）现在学习的是第22页，共91页宾语从句的概念：宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。句子结构：句子结构：主句主句+连词（引导词）连词（引导词）+宾语从句宾语从句现在学习的是第23页，共91页一、连词（引导词）一、连词（引导词）1.当当宾宾语语从从句句是是陈陈述述句句时时（包包括括肯肯定定句句和和否否定定句句），连连词词由由that引引导导，因因为为that在在从从句句中中不不作作任任何何成成分分，也也没没有有任任何何具具体体意意思思，因因此此在在口口语语或非正

19、式文体中常省略或非正式文体中常省略vvLinTaofeelsLinTaofeels(that)(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.vvSheShe sayssays(that)sheshe wontwont taketake partpart inin thethe sportssports meetingnextSunday.meetingnextSunday.vJimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.现在学习的是第24页，共91页2.宾语从句中的连接词宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下在以下三种情况下不能省

20、略：不能省略：（1）当）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个语时，第二个that不能省；不能省；（2）当）当that作介词宾语时，作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。不可省掉。（3）用）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.现在学习的是第25页，共91页在在主主句句为为动

21、动词词be加加某某些些形形容容词词（如如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等等）作作表表语语时时，后后面面所所跟跟的的省省略略that的从句也可算是宾语从句的从句也可算是宾语从句vImsorry(that)Idontknow.vWeresure(that)ourteamwillwin.vImafraid(that)hewontpasstheexam.现在学习的是第26页，共91页2.2.当当当当宾宾宾宾语语语语从从从从句句句句是是是是一一一一般般般般疑疑疑疑问问问问句句句句时时时时，由由由由连连连连词词词词whetherwhether或或或或if if引引导导（口口语语中中常常用用i

22、f），因因为为if/whetherif/whether翻翻翻翻译译译译成成成成：“是否是否是否是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略vLilywantedtoknow if/whetherif/whether hergrandmahergrandmalikedthehandbag.vLetsseeif/whetherif/whether wecanfindoutsomewecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.vSheaskedmeSheaskedmeif/wheth

23、er shecouldborrowshecouldborrowthesebooks.thesebooks.现在学习的是第27页，共91页whether与与if的辨用的辨用表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whether。a.主语从句主语从句b.表语从句表语从句c.同位语从句同位语从句d.介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句e.后接动词不定式后接动词不定式(whether to do sth.)f.whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时连在一起引导宾语从句时不用不用if现在学习的是第28页，共91页1).whether和和if都可以引导宾语从句都可以引导宾语从句a.当当whether后紧跟后

24、紧跟ornot时时,不用不用if.eg:IdontknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介词介词后面的宾语从句不能用后面的宾语从句不能用if.eg:IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.2.注意注意 whether和和if的使用区别的使用区别现在学习的是第29页，共91页Practicetimeif/whether1.I asked her _ she had a bike.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I dont know _ he is well or not.5.I dont know _ or

25、not he is well.8.I dont know _ to go.if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether现在学习的是第30页，共91页3.当当宾宾语语从从句句是是特特殊殊疑疑问问句句时时，由由连连接接代代词词（what,who,whom,which,whose）或或连连接接副副词词（when,where,how,why）引引导导，因因为为连连接接代代词词或或连连接接副副词词在在从从句句中中担担任任一一定定的的句句子子成成分分，具具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略有一定的意义，所以不可以省略vDoyouknowwhatwhathesaidjustn

26、ow?vIdontrememberIdontrememberwhenwearrived.wearrived.vIaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.vPleasetellmewho(whom)who(whom)wehavetosee.wehavetosee.vDoyouknowDoyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves?timetheplaneleaves?现在学习的是第31页，共91页带带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句的词组也都可以引导宾语从句vCouldyoutellushowoftenhowoftenyougoabroadforaho

27、liday?vCouldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?themeetingwilllast?vvIdontknowIdontknowhowfarhowfaritistothecinema.itistothecinema.vPleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool?vCanyoutellusCanyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris?vPleasetellushowsoonhowsoonyouwillbeready.youwillbeready.vCouldyoutellushowmu

28、chhowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan?现在学习的是第32页，共91页二、时态二、时态1.1.如果主句是现在的时态如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时（包括一般现在时 ，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根 据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过 去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）vIknowheliveshere.vIknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ikn

29、owhelivedheretenyearsago.vIhaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.现在学习的是第33页，共91页2.2.如如如如果果果果主主主主句句句句是是是是过过过过去去去去的的的的时时时时态态态态（包包包包括括括括一一一一般般般般过过过过去去去去时时时时，过过过过去去去去进进进进行行行行时时时时），那那那那么么么么从从从从句句句句的的的的时时时时态态态态一一一一定定定定要要要要用用用用相相相相对对对对应应应应的的的的过过过过去去去去的的的的某某某某种种种种时时时时态态态态（包包包包括括括括

30、一一一一般般般般过过过过去去去去时时时时，过过过过去去去去进进进进行行行行时时时时，过过过过去去去去将将将将来时，来时，来时，来时，过去完成时）过去完成时）过去完成时）过去完成时）vIknewwholivedhere.Iknewwholivedhere.vIsawshewastalkingwithhermother.vvHeaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebackHeaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.vHesaidthathehadseenit.现在学习的是第34页，共91页3.3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定

31、理当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理 时用一般现在时。时用一般现在时。vTheteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.现在学习的是第35页，共91页1.Theradiosaysit_cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything_well.(go)3.Tomsaysthatthey_(play)basketballatsixoclockyesterdayevening.4.Ihearthey_(return)italready.5.Hesaidthatthey_membersofthePartys

32、ince1948.(be)will be goes were playing have returned had been 现在学习的是第36页，共91页6.Ididntknowwhattimehe_theletter.(write)7.Couldyoutellmewho_awaythebookalready?(take)8.LingFengtoldmehe_totheGreatWallseveraltimes.(be)wrote has taken had been 现在学习的是第37页，共91页三、语序三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词连接词+主语主语+谓语

33、谓语+其他成分其他成分现在学习的是第38页，共91页1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?His brother asks whenhe will go to thelibrary.His brother asks when will he go to thelibrary.2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idontknowwhathewantstobuy.Idontknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.现在学习的是第39页，共91页1could/would是是委委婉婉语语气气，而而不不是是过过去去式式，因因此此宾宾语语从从句句的的时时态态根根据据实实际际

34、情情况况用用不不同同时时态。态。注意事项vCouldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?tickets?vCouldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?vWouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?现在学习的是第40页，共91页2.如如果果主主句句的的谓谓语语动动词词是是ask时时，连连词词不不可可能能是是that；如如果果主主句句的的谓谓语语动动词词是是say时时，连连词词用用thatvShesays(that)shewill

35、leaveamessageonhisdesk.vHesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.vHeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.vYoumayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation.现在学习的是第41页，共91页3.否定的转移否定的转移:若主语谓语动词为若主语谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上一般要把否定词转

36、移到主句谓语上,从从句谓语用肯定式。句谓语用肯定式。Idontthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.(我我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。认为这件衣服不适合你穿。)现在学习的是第42页，共91页4.it常可以放在动词常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语等后作为形式宾语:it不不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语宾语而真正的宾语-that从句则放在句尾从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。Wehearditthatshewouldgetma

37、rriednextmonth.现在学习的是第43页，共91页主句主句主句主句从句从句从句从句一般将来时态一般将来时态一般将来时态一般将来时态 一般现在时态一般现在时态一般现在时态一般现在时态祈使句祈使句祈使句祈使句含有情态动词含有情态动词含有情态动词含有情态动词DoDoyouyouknowknowifif_back_backnextnextweekweek?IfIfhehe_backback,pleaseletmeknow.pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,comesA.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,com

38、esC.hewillcome,comesD.hewillcome,willcomeC.hewillcome,comesD.hewillcome,willcome5.连词连词ifif和和和和 whenwhen在不同从句中的区别：在不同从句中的区别：CIdontknowwhenhe_(come).Icantwaithereanymore.Whenhe_(come),wouldyoupleaseaskhimtocallme?willcomecomes现在学习的是第44页，共91页1.1.Theyoungmanasked_itssummerorwinter.Theyoungmanasked_itssu

39、mmerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.2.Wedontknow_theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus_Jimcancomebackontime.3.Theteacherasksus_Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattimeA.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.4.DoesDoesanybodyanybodyknowknow_orornotnotwewewillwill havehavea asports

40、sportsmeetingthisweekend.meetingthisweekend.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatDABC现在学习的是第45页，共91页5.5.Couldyoushowme_?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whath

41、elikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim_.7.Mysistertoldhim_.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyouliveCBD现在学习的是第46页，共91页8.8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_.A.whoisheB.whoheisA.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitisC.whoisitD.whoitis9.Co

42、uldyoutellmehowlong_?9.Couldyoutellmehowlong_?A.youhaveboughtthewatchA.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10.Hesaysthatifit_tomorrow,he_fi

43、shing.10.Hesaysthatifit_tomorrow,he_fishing.A.willrain,wontgoB.rained,wasntgoA.willrain,wontgoB.rained,wasntgoC.rains,wontgoD.rain,willgoC.rains,wontgoD.rain,willgoBCD现在学习的是第47页，共91页Predicative Clauses 表语从句表语从句现在学习的是第48页，共91页表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句句,放在系动词之后放在系动词之后,一般结构是一般结构是“主语主语+系动词系动

44、词+表语从句表语从句”。可以接表语从句。可以接表语从句的系动词有的系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。等。另外另外,常用的还有常用的还有thereasonwhyisthat和和Itisbecause等结构。例如：等结构。例如：现在学习的是第49页，共91页.表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后连系动词之后.作用作用:对主语进行解释说明。对主语进行解释说明。连接词：连接词：that/whether/as if/as though（if 不不 引引导导 表语从句表语从句)连接代词：连接代词：who/whom/whose/wh

45、ich/what 连接副词：连接副词：when/where/why/how/because The question is whether we can rely on him.Thats because we were in need of money at that time.He looked as if he was going to cry.Thats why I was late.现在学习的是第50页，共91页注注 意：意：1.在表语从句中，表在表语从句中，表“是否是否”时，只能用时，只能用“whether”不能用不能用“If”。2.一般情况下，一般情况下，“that”不能省。不能

46、省。3.It is/was because.4.It is/was why.5.3.The reason(why/for)is/was that.6.4 The reason is because/whythat .现在学习的是第51页，共91页名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句在这种句型中，常用表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact,truth 或表示看法，观点的名词，如：idea,opinion,belief,view,feeling,suggestion,plan等作主语。如：1.The fact is that our team has won the game.2.The truth

47、 is that she was the very person who informed against her husband.现在学习的是第52页，共91页注意注意表表语语从从句句的的引引导导词词与与主主语语从从句句和和宾宾语语从从句相同句相同.但但:1.:1.that引导表语从句时不能省引导表语从句时不能省.2.2.if不能引导表语从句不能引导表语从句.现在学习的是第53页，共91页1.Thats_thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis_heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.beca

48、useB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis_theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger_shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when现在学习的是第54页，共91页Subject Clauses 主语从句主语从句现在学习的是第55页，共91页1.主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分1).That he will succeed is certain.2)Whether he will go there is not known.3)Wh

49、at he said is not true.4)Where he hid the money is to be found out.5)Whoever comes is welcome.6)Its certain that he will succeed.7)How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.8)When theyll start the project has not been decided yet.现在学习的是第56页，共91页考点一考点一:主语从句后置主语从句后置!为了避免主语冗长免主语冗长,句子头重

50、脚轻句子头重脚轻,经常用经常用it作形作形式主语式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例:Thatweshallbelateiscertain.-Itscertainthatweshallbelate.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.-2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.-由连词由连词whether和和if,连接代词连接代词what,who,which和连接副词和连接副词when,where,why,how等引导等引导.也也常常后置常常后置:Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance