二氧化碳物理性质说课讲解.doc

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1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。二氧化碳物理性质-二氧化碳（CO2）相关物理性质概要：二氧化碳（CO2）相关物理性质英文名称CARBONDIOXIDE又名碳酸气二氧化碳在常温常压下为无色而略带刺鼻气味和微酸味的气体。17世纪初，比利时化学家J.B.Van.Helmont(15771644)在检测木炭燃烧和发酵过程的副产气时，发现CO2是一种与其他气体不同的气体。1757年，J.Black第一个应用定量的方法研究这种气体，由于它是固定在石灰石中的，所以定名他为“固定空气”。此后，H.Cavendish和J.Priestley分别研究了“

2、固定空气”的性质。1773年，A.L.Lavoisier把碳放在氧气中加热，得到被它称为“碳酸”的CO2气体，测出质量组成为23.528.9%,杨71.176。5%。1823年，M.Faraday发现。加压可以使CO2气体液化。1835年，M.Thilorier制得固态CO2(干冰)。1884年，在德国建成第一家生产液态CO2的工厂。在自然界，CO2时最丰富的化学物质之一，为大气的一部分，也包含在某些天然气或油田伴生气中何以碳酸盐形成的矿石中。大气里含CO2位0.030.04%（体积），总量约2.751012t,主要由含碳物质燃烧和动物的新陈代谢产生。在国民经济各部门，CO2有着十分广泛的用途

3、。工业CO2主要是从合成氨、氢气生产过程中的原料气、发酵气、石灰窑气、酸中和气、乙烯氧化副反应气和烟道气等气体中提取和回收，其纯度不低于99.5%（体积）。一、分子特性1-3见表1表1性质数值性质数值分子式结构式相对分子质量离解常数键长，pm键能，kJ/molCO2O=C=O44.0103.510-7（18）4.410-11（25）116531.4电离能，kJ/mol分子直径，nm摩尔体积（0，0.10Mpa）,L生成自由能，kJ/mol通用气体常数（R），MPam3/(kmolK)1330.50.350.5122.26-394.60.008314二、物理性质、热力学性质(一)特性参数1-3见

4、表2表2性质数值性质数值熔点，沸点，相对密度（空气=1）比容,m3/kg绝热系数（K）-56.6（527Kpa）-78.5（升华）1.524(0,1atm)1.522(21.1,1atm)0.5059(0,1atm)0.5457(21.1,1atm)1.295临界点：温度，临界压力，MPa临界密度,kg/m3气体密度，kg/m31m3气体生成液体体积，L31.067.3824671.977（0,1atm）1.833(21.1,1atm)1.56（288K,0.101MPa）表3临界状态及标准状态下的部分参数7临界状态（31.06,7.382Mpa）标准状态(0,1atm)性质数值性质数值压缩系

5、数偏差系数偏心因子流体粘度，mPas0.3150.2740.2250.0404流体粘度，mPas定压比热，KJ/(KgK)定容比热，KJ/(KgK)0.01380.850.661表4二氧化碳的亨利系数值7温度，数值，10-6mmHg温度，数值，10-6mmHg40501.771.9550602.152.59注：1mmHg=133.3Pa.表5二氧化碳的压缩系数4压力MPa温度0204060801000.10135.06627.599410.132512.66615.19917.731920.265022.798125.331227.864430.397535.463840.530045.596

6、250.66251.00000.10500.15300.20200.24900.29500.34050.38500.43050.47400.51700.55950.64450.72800.80900.8905-0.63360.16770.21300.25900.30380.34710.39040.43370.47520.51670.55770.63830.71840.79670.8740-0.74140.54080.26950.29220.32880.36770.40780.44750.48670.52680.56570.64240.71790.79160.8635-0.80680.68950

7、.54200.41820.39760.41450.44480.47760.51240.54730.58210.65430.72480.79450.8642-0.84770.76420.67490.58710.52600.50390.51050.52710.55190.58130.61100.67490.73940.80440.8694-0.88320.81840.75400.69320.64270.60900.59620.59840.61160.62950.65150.70380.76020.81910.8788表6液体二氧化碳密度-温度对照表1-3温度密度kgm3温度密度kgm331.030

8、.027.525.022.520.017.515.012.510.07.55.02.50.0-2.5-5.0-7.5-10.0463.9596.4661.0705.8741.2770.7795.5817.0838.5858.0876.0893.1910.0924.0940.0953.0968.0980.8-12.5-15.0-17.5-20.0-22.5-25.0-27.5-30.0-32.5-35.0-37.5-40.0-42.5-45.0-47.5-50.0-55.0993.81008.11018.51029.91041.71052.61063.61074.21084.51094.9110

9、5.01115.01125.01134.51144.41153.51172.1表7固体二氧化碳温度密度对照表4温度密度kgm3温度密度kgm3-56.6-60-65-701512152215351546-75-80-85-901557156615751782表8二氧化碳的粘度(0.101325MPa,u106)4温度粘度Pas温度粘度Pas-100-75-50-25020258.8610.0711.2612.4713.6714.6314.86507510015020025030016.0717.1618.2720.4522.5424.5626.46表9液体二氧化碳的粘度（106）4温度粘度Pa

10、s温度粘度Pas0510159992.585.278.42025293071.262.553.953.0表10二氧化碳在不同压力及温度下的粘度（u106,u=ut+5.2510-31.7,密度0.63103kg/m3）压力MPa温度0102030405060801001251502000.1012.0264.0536.0808.10610.13212.15914.18616.21218.23820.26525.33130.39814.014.314.414.715.714.815.115.915.215.516.218.515.715.916.618.324.245.116.116.316.9

11、18.221.229.742.116.516.717.318.420.524.528.636.644.417.417.618.018.920.322.324.729.934.938.644.018.318.518.819.620.622.024.126.829.833.236.844.652.919.419.219.620.221.022.023.425.027.129.231.838.143.820.420.020.320.821.522.323.424.627.627.729.534.439.322.422.522.723.123.624.224.925.726.727.628.831.9

12、35.2(二)相变1-3见表.2.10-9表11性质数值性质数值三相点：温度，压力，Mpa汽化热，kJ/kg熔化热，kJ/kg-56.570.518347195.82升华状态：温度，升华热，kJ/Kg固态密度，kg/m3气态密度，kg/m30.101Mpa-78.5573.615622.814表12二氧化碳在不同温度下的汽化热4温度汽化热kJ/kg温度汽化热kJ/kg-56.57-55-50-45-40-35-30-25-20-15347.77345.18337.06328.82320.41311.75302.80293.63283.63270.04-10-505101520253031261

13、.54248.95234.85219.03201.21180.20155.23119.3762.970.00表13液体二氧化碳饱和蒸汽压温度饱和蒸汽压KPa温度饱和蒸汽压KPa温度饱和蒸汽压KPa温度饱和蒸汽压KPa-59-58-57-56-55-54-53-52-51-50-49-48-47-46-45-44-43-42-41-40-39-38-37465.96487.15509.05531.67555.05579.19604.10629.80656.30695.65711.8740.9770.7801.5833.3865.8899.4933.9969.41005.91043.41081.9

14、1121.5-36-35-34-33-32-31-30-29-28-27-26-25-24-23-22-21-20-19-18-17-16-15-141162.01203.81246.61290.41335.51381.61428.91477.51527.21578.31630.41683.91738.51794.61852.01910.61970.62032.02094.82159.02224.62291.72360.2-13-12-11-10-9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-101234567892430.22501.72574.72649.42725.52803.22882.72963.

15、63046.33130.73216.73304.53394.03485.33578.43673.33769.93868.63969.14071.54176.04282.44390.8101112131415161718192021222324252627282930314501.44613.94728.54845.34964.45085.75209.35335.15463.55549.25727.45863.16001.46142.46286.16432.86582.16734.66890.17048.97210.97376.3（三）工程量值1-3见表14表14性质数值性质数值气体粘度，mPa

16、s表面张力，mN/m比热容，kJ/(kgK)CpCv0.0138(0,0.101MPa)9.13(-25)(0,0.101MPa)0.8450.651热导率折射率52.75(0,0.101Mpa)/W/(mK)1.0004506(0,0.101MPa,=546.1)表15二氧化碳在0.101325MPa下的导热系数温度导热系数mW/(mK)温度导热系数mW/(mK)-78.5-50.510.711.8013.9-14.4表16二氧化碳在不同温度极压力下的导热系数mW/(mK)温度压力MPa0.10133.0405.0667.09310.13215.19920.265-75-5001020.30

17、40501001502002503008.710.714.515.416.016.917.718.522.326.330.134.037.9-18.318.819.319.920.420.924.327.931.535.139.0-24.124.023.824.026.329.432.836.339.8-31.530.029.029.031.434.437.740.9-110.1104.097.087.068.644.733.834.536.939.542.7-112.8107.7102.295.888.579.845.744.041.943.746.3-115.1110.8106.4101.

18、295.989.959.949.447.348.149.8（四）热力学参数1-3见表17表17性质数值性质数值气体粘度，mPas表面张力，mN/m比热容，kJ/(kgK)CpCv0.0138(0,0.101MPa)9.13(-25)(0,0.101MPa)0.8450.651热导率折射率52.75(0,0.101Mpa)/W/(mK)1.0004506(0,0.101MPa,=546.1)表18气体二氧化碳的热容（KJ/Kmol）压力Pa温度025501002003001.0131055.0661051.0131062.5331065.0661061.0131072.0271073.04010

19、74.0531075.0661076.0801078.1081071.01310836.78139.54643.301103.63394.24889.28684.50479.90276.04874.02172.18471.44537.60039.54642.12252.046106.03995.63590.12585.89283.86581.65880.73138.62839.90441.75348.18261.062120.60699.69091.22386.26183.13677.98174.86040.27641.01441.99245.27451.49771.54593.43084.2

20、3578.53374.12170.44765.29563.81843.72044.03044.38945.46747.36452.02661.44167.09267.84167.00266.12364.95664,20646.51546.69546.90447.56448.65251.11855.38158.85561.44162.73963.11862.89262.739（五）溶解度表19CO2在水中的溶解度对照表温度a102mL/mLq102g/100g温度a102mL/mLq102g/100g01234567891011121314151617171.3164.6158.4152.714

21、7.3142.4137.7133.1128.2123.7119.4115.4111.7108.3105.0101.998.595.633.4632.1330.9129.7828.7127.7426.8125.8924.9224.0323.1822.3921.6520.9820.3219.7019.0318.4518192021222324252627282930354045506092.890.287.885.482.980.478.175.973.871.869.968.266.559.253.047.943.635.917.8917.3716.8816.4015.9015.4014.931

22、4.4914.0613.6613.2712.9212.5711.059.738.607.615.76说明a:为实验测量溶解于1mL水中的气体标准状态（0，0.101MPa）体积(mL)q:为当气体压强于水蒸气压强之和为0.101MPa时,溶解于100g水中的气体质量（g）表20CO2在某些溶剂中的溶解度，ml/g（STP）溶剂温度，-80-60-40-20010203040甲醇乙醇苯甲苯二甲苯乙醚醋酸甲酯丙酮220100213003504606640.48.77.89010112724.5284.44.936415011.43.02.617.520.5246.35.33.51.99.611.5135.04.32.93.47.89.210.54.13.62.713.02.316.37.48.23.63.22.592.86.06.63.25.4-