省略句的用法总结讲义高考英语语法总复习.docx

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1、英语省略句的用法总结高考英语语法总复习省略句是一种修辞手法，用于避免重复。一、简单句中的省略1. 省略主语祈使句中主语的省略*(You) don't touch me. 不要碰我。*(You) pass me the ticket, will you? 把票递给我，好吗?*(I) Beg your pardon. 对不起，请原谅。2. 省略谓语*Some of us study English; others (study) French.3. 疑问句的简略回答 Are you a doctor? 你是医生吗？ Yes, I am (a doctor). 是的，我是。4. 感叹句中的省

2、略*What a good time (we had) yesterday! 昨天我们玩得很开心！5. 特殊疑问句中的省略 (只对所问作针对性的回答)。 Which book do you want? 你想要哪一本书? The one on the desk. 书桌上的那本。6. 所有格后的名词表示处所时，可以省略。*He stayed at his uncle's (house) rather than mine in his childhood. 他小时候住在叔叔家，而不是我家 。二、并列句中的省略1. 省略共同的主语或宾语。*Mr. Smith picked up a coin

3、on the road and (Mr. Smith) handed it to a policeman. 史密斯先生在路上拾起一枚硬币，并把它交给了一位警察。2. 若主语不同而其后的助动词、情态动词相同，则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。*Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework. 杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽在写作业。3. 若句子中前半句与后半句的主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的谓语成分。*His approach to solving the problem made me

4、 happy, but (made) Jim angry. 他的解决该问题的方法使我高兴，但使吉姆愤怒。4. 若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略后面的主要动词及后续部分。*I was born in winter in 1988 and Bob (was born in winter) in 1987. 我出生于 1988年冬天，鲍勃是 1987 年冬天。三、复合句中的省略1. 省略主句 Why didn't you come to class yesterday? 你昨天为什么没来上课？ (I didn't come to class yesterday) Beca

5、use I was ill. 因为我生病了。2. 宾语从句中的省略A. 在know, think, consider, suppose, find, believe, say, decide等动词后面所接的宾语从句中，连词that 可省略；若有and或or连接的多个宾语从句，则只能省略第一个that。*He said (that) the text was very important and that we should take advantage of it well. 他说这篇文章很重要，我们应该好好利用它。B. 在suggest, request, require, order, a

6、dvise等词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词须用 “should+动词原形”，should可省略。*I suggest that we (should) set off at once. 我建议我们立刻出发。注:在下列动词后可用guess, hope, imagine, suppose, say, tell, appear, seem, afraid等。*I believe so/not.*I think so/not.3). 定语从句中的省略在限制性定语从句中，常可省略作宾语的关系代词；在 way (方式)，time 和moment后的that也常被省略; 当先行词是time, reason, p

7、lace时，作状语的关系副 when , why, where也可省略。*The girl ( who/whom/that) the teacher spoke to is Mary.4). 状语从句中的省略【高频中的高频】在 when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though as, whether 等引导的状语从句中，若谓语含有 be 且主语又跟主句主语相同或从句主语是 it 时,则从句的主句和动词 be 常被省略,这时从句中可出现如下:A. 连词(though, whether, when)+形容词*Tho

8、ugh (his family was) poor, his family managed to send him to school. 虽然穷, 可他的家人还是设法送他去上了学。B. 连词(whether, as if, while)+介词短语*He looked everywhere as if (he were) in search of something. 他环顾四周好像在找什么。C. 连词(when, while, though)+现在分词*While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called. 当我正沿街而行

9、时，听到有人叫我的名字D. 连词(when, if, even if, unless, once, until, than, as)+过去分词*The party is more interesting than (it was) expected. 聚会比预期的要有趣。E. 连词(as if, as though)+动词不定式*He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak.5). 虚拟条件句常可省略 if, 将 were, had, should 提前构成部分倒装。Were I you (If I were you), I should give t

10、hat guy. 我会好好地教训那个家伙一顿。6). 在复合句中，有时为了避免重复，可用 soShe may not be free today.她今天可能没空。If so (so=she is not free today), well have to report to the manager. 如果是这样，我们得向经理报告。四、动词不定式的省略1). 只保留动词不定式符号 to 的场合。A. 动词不定式作某些动词的宾语时, 常见动词，如 like, love, car expect, prefer, refuse, mean, try, oblige, advise, persuade,

11、 agree, want remember, manage 等。*You can do it this way if you care to. 如果你想做的话你可以这样做。B. 动词不定式在句中作某些动词后的宾语补足语或主语补足语时,常见动词, 如 ask, tell, advice, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit 等。*She wants to emerge at the party but her parents wont allow her to. 她想出现在本次聚会上,但她父母不让她来。C. 动词不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时,常见的形容词

12、，如 happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready 等。*I think she should get a job, but you cant force her to if she is not ready to. 我认为她应该找份工作，但如果她不愿意你也不能强求。2). 动词不定式中的省略在以下情况中常使用不带(或省略)to 的动词不定式:A. 感官动词(词组)后面,如:feel, hear, look at, notice, see, watch, observe 等 *I observe a man enter the shop. 我注意到一名

13、男子进了商店。B. 使役动词后面,如 have, let, make 等。*The lecture has us write a composition every week. 这个讲师让我们每个星期写一篇作文。C. 在 do(did,does) nothing(anything, everything) but(except) do 结 构 中 ( 如 do nothing but do)*I can do nothing but follow your advice. 除了听从你的建议，我不能做任何事情。注:如果 but 或 except 之前没有 do, 其后的 to 不能省略。也就是符

14、合有 do 无 to，无 do 有 to 的原则。*There is no choice but to wait.除了等，别无选择。D. what 引导的主语从句，或者先行词被 only, first, one, least 或形容词最高级修饰,而且从句中含有 do 时，其表语如果是动词不定式，则往往省去 to。*What I have to do is（to）take a rest. 我需要做的是休息。（what 引导的主语从句里有 do，所以 be 动词后面的表语里省略 to。）*The only thing we could do about the environment is（to）

15、reduce pollution. 对于环境我们唯一能做的就是减少污染。（先行词里有 first，定语从句里有 do，所以后面的表语里省略 to。）E. 当两个或多个动词不定式并列时,其后的动词不定式符号可省略,但有对比意义时则不能省略。*He hasnt decided whether to leave or to stay. 他还没有决定是离开还是留下。(表示对比,不可省略。)五、介词的省略1. 一些常和动词、名词或形容词一起搭配的介词常省略，而保留其后的动名词，常见句型有：spend/waste time (in) doing, lose no time (in) doing, have

16、 difficulty/trouble (in) doing, be busy (in) doing, stop/prevent sb (from) doing 等。*The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time. 大雨使得他没能准时到达那里。2. 表示时间的介词at, on 和 in用在next, last, this, these, yesterday, tomorrow, every, each, some, all 等词之前，一般都要省略；用在一段时间状语之前的 for 也可省略（否定句中不能省略 for）*We

17、have been here (for) three weeks. 我们在这儿已待了三周了。3. 表示行为方式的 in 在 in this way, in the same way, in another way 等词组中，经常被省略。He did it (in) this way rather than (in) another way. 他是这样做的而不是用别的方式。六、会话回答中的省略省略在会话中应用广泛，无论是回答别人的问题，还是在接别人的电话时都会发生，否则就觉得累赘。Do you like this approach to solving the problem? 你喜欢解决这个问题的方法吗?Yes, (I like this approach) very much. 是的，非常喜欢。