Unit 4 单元同步词汇学案- 高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册.docx

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1、Unit4单元同步词汇精讲1. approach vt. & vi. 接近;靠近;走近 n. 接近;方法;途径【经典例句】The time is approaching when we must be on board. 我们上船的时间快到了。As summer approached， the weather became hotter and hotter. 随着夏天的临近，天气越来越热了。We will be exploring different approaches to gathering information. 我们将探索收集信息的不同方法。【思维拓展】approach

2、sb. / sth. 靠近/接近某人或某事物;approach sb. for / about sth. 关于某事与某人商量/交涉;approach to 接近，近似;at the approach of 在快到的时候;an approach to 做某事的方法、方式;去某地的路径;make approaches to sb. 与某人打交道;make an approach to. 设法接近;be approaching 快到的时候【易混辨析】approach， method， way与means的区别：approach指待人接物或思考问题的方式、方法、态度;method指有条理的、系统的办法

3、，特别指新的办法;way的使用范围很广，但较多地用在具体的事情上或口语中;means指实现目的的任何手段，或使用某种交通工具的方式。搭配如下：approach to （doing） sth.;method+of （doing） sth.，前面接with;way+to do / of doing，前面接in;by means of （doing） sth.。2. likely adj. 可能的 adv. 很可能;或许【经典例句】That means the price is likely to go down because of the competition. 那意味着价格有可能因为竞争而下

4、降。You will be likely to get there before 8 o'clock.  你很有可能在8点钟之前赶到那里。I'm hardly likely to finish it within a week. 我不可能在一周内把它干完。【思维拓展】It is likely that sb. .=sb. is likely to do. 某人可能做某事;not likely 绝不可能;绝对不会【易混辨析】possible， likely与probable的区别：possible， likely与probable这三个词都可表示“可能的”，实现的可能性

5、依次递增。possible常用于下列结构：it's possible for sb. to do sth.; it's possible + that 从句; if possible。注意：possible的主语不能是人;likely常用于下列结构：sb. / sth. is likely to do sth.; It's likely that从句。注意：likely的主语可以是人也可以是物，但几乎不说：it's likely to do sth.;probable 常用于下列结构：it's probable + that 从句。注意：probable

6、 的主语不能是人，英语中几乎不说：it's probable to do sth.。3. curious adj. 好奇的【经典例句】The boy was curious about everything he saw. 那男孩对所见的一切都感到好奇。The reporter is curious to know whether the official is involved in the case. 那个记者很想知道此案是否牵连那位官员。She was surprisingly unafraid and seemed to be curious about what he was

7、 doing. 令人感到惊奇的是，她并不害怕，而且似乎对他正在做的事情很好奇。【思维拓展】be curious to do sth. 急于做某事，极想做某事;be curious about 对感到好奇;from / out of curiosity 出于好奇;meet / satisfy one's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心;with curiosity=curiously好奇地4. represent vt. 代表;象征;申明【经典例句】As we all know， X represents the unknown. 我们知道，X代表未知数。The carvings

8、represent a hunting scene. 这些雕刻作品描绘了一幅狩猎的场面。He represented our school to take part in the competition and all of us were proud of him. 他代表我們学校参加竞赛，我们为他而感到自豪。【思维拓展】representation n. 表现;描述;描绘;表现形式;representative n. 代表 adj. 典型的，有代表性的;make representations to. 与交涉;向提出抗议;represent. as. 把描绘成;represent ones

9、elf as / to be. 自称是;represent sth. to sb. 向某人说明某事【易混辨析】represent， on behalf of与stand for的区别：represent用来表示“代表某人、某个团体、政府等;某种标志代表什么;某物（书、雕塑等）表现的是什么”和“把某人（物）描绘成什么”;on behalf of只能用作状语，表示“代表某人”;stand for往往用来表示字母、数字、符号等“代表、象征什么”。【温馨提示】represent作“说明，使明白”和“传达，表达”讲时，不能直接跟人作宾语，常用结构为：represent sth. to sb.或repre

10、sent to sb. sth.。类似的单词还有explain， guarantee， relate等。5. defend. against 防御;保卫以免受【经典例句】He had to defend himself against their charges. 他必须反对他们的指控为自己辩解。They needed more troops to defend the border against possible attack. 他们需要更多的部队来保卫边境地区免受可能的攻击。All our officers are trained to defend themselves against

11、 knife attacks. 我们所有的警察都接受过自卫训练，能够对付持刀袭击。【思维拓展】defence n. 防御;保卫;defender n. 保护人;防守队员;defenceless adj. 无自卫能力的，不设防的;defensive adj. 保护性的;（心理上）处于守势的;defend oneself 自卫;defend. with. 用保护;defend sb. / sth. from / against. 保护某人/某物免受伤害;come to sb.'s defence 帮助（保护）某人;in defence of 保卫;为辩护;set up defence 设防

12、;say in one's defence 为某人辩护【易混辨析】defend， protect， guard与preserve的区别：这四个词都有“使安全或保持安全状态不遭受危险、攻击或伤害”的意思，但它们之间还有些差异。defend含有“采取措施抵制进攻”的意思;protect常含有“提供安全的方式来驱开不适、伤害或进攻”的意思;guard含有“看守”的意思;preserve含有“采取措施维护的安全”的意思。6. at ease 舒适;快活;自由自在【经典例句】Nurses do all they can to make patients feel at ease. 护士尽力使病人

13、心情放松。Try to put the candidate at ease by being friendly and informal. 尽量友好随便点，使求职者感到无拘无束。When you feel nervous， you'd better listen to some light music to put yourself at ease. 当你感到紧张时，你最好听些轻音乐使自己放松一下。He didn't feel completely at ease in the strange surroundings. 他在那个生疏的环境中感到不那么自在。【思维拓展】with

14、 ease 容易地;不费劲地;put / set sb. at ease 使某人感到放松/轻松自在;take one's ease 休息;轻松一下;ill at ease 不自在;不自然;stand at ease 稍息;be / feel at ease 感到放松;自在;look at ease 看上去心情放松;ease one's mind 使某人安心;ease off / up 缓和;减缓;ease sb. of sth. 使某人减轻（重負、痛苦等）【易混辨析】at ease与with ease的区别：at ease的意思是“安逸地，自在地”，其反义短语为ill at e

15、ase;with ease的意思是“轻松地，容易地”。就使用场合而言，at ease既可作表语，亦可作状语;with ease只能用作状语。7. put up 举起;升起;张帖;搭建;留宿【经典例句】Put up your hand if you have any questions. 有问题请举手。Many high buildings have been put up there. 那里建起了许多高楼。They'll put up at a hotel for the night. 他们将在旅馆住一夜。【思维拓展】put aside 将放在一边;put away 收拾起来;储蓄;p

16、ut down 记下;放下;镇压;平息;put forward 提出;拨快（钟等）;put. in / into prison 把投入监狱;put. into practise 将付诸实施;put off 延期，推迟;put on 穿上;上演;put one's heart into sth. 用全部精力去做某事;put out 扑灭;出版;熄灭;put up with 忍受8. turn one's back to 拒绝，背对【经典例句】We shouldn't turn our back on her when she is in trouble. 当她陷入困境时，

17、我们不应该拒绝帮她。He decided to turn his back to his annoying sister. 他决定不理睬他那令人厌烦的妹妹。Rudely， he turned his back to me and refused to say the further. 他很不礼貌地把背对着我，不愿继续说下去。【思维拓展】turn against 背叛;反抗，使对抗;turn around 转向;回转;turn away 走开，离开;解雇;turn down 调小（音量）;拒绝;摒斥（提议、建议、提建议的人等）;turn into 使成为;使变成;翻译成;turn on 开（电灯、收音机、自来水）;turn out 结果是;证明是;生产（产品）;turn off 解雇;关掉（电灯、收音机、自来水）;turn over 反复考虑;倒转;turn sb. in 把某人交给警察;turn sth. in 上缴，缴回;交出;turn to 转向;变成;求助;turn up 找到，发现;出现，来到;调大（音量）