词汇学词性转换法精选PPT.ppt

《词汇学词性转换法精选PPT.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《词汇学词性转换法精选PPT.ppt（20页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、词汇学词性转换法第1页，此课件共20页哦转化法 Conversion 英语中有些单词,词形不变,词性却可以由一种转化成另一种。这就是转化。单词转换后的意义往往与未转换前的意义有密切的联系。也叫做“零位后缀派生法”或“零位派生法”；第2页，此课件共20页哦tasten.味道v.尝起来It has a good taste.It taste very good.record n.记录记录v.记录记录He broke the record.He lies to record something while reading a book.第3页，此课件共20页哦转化法1.名词转化为动词2.形容词转化为

2、动词3.动词转化为名词4.形容词转化为名词5.其他词类之间的转化第4页，此课件共20页哦 water,drop,hard,show,face,walk,visit,late1.Could you _me the position of the station on the map?2.A lot of ancient things are on _in the museum.3.Flowers should be _every day.4.Its important for our human beings to save _.5._in the countryside is very com

3、fortable.6.The old man often have a _after supper.7.She studies _than any other students in her class.8.The problem was too _ for us to work it out.第5页，此课件共20页哦water,drop,hard,show,face,walk,visit,late9.What is the _news today?10.She came to school _ this morning.11.Her parents were on a _to Xinjian

4、g.12.The Great Wall is _by millions of people every year.13.There was a big smile on the teachers _.14.The little girl was crying because she was _a tiger.15.We _in on one of our friends last Saturday.16.A _of ink fell onto his clothes.第6页，此课件共20页哦名词转化为动词1.表示物品、器具和地点的名词转化为动词，表示把放人，或置于之中。如：The books

5、have already been shelved.2.表示人物称呼的名词转化为动词表示具有这类人的典型特征。如：Whenever I am sick,my mother doctors me and nurses me carefully.3.表示人体各部分的名词几乎都可以转化为动词，通常用来表示工具。如：He tried very hard to elbow his way to the front.4.表示动物，植物及其典型动作的名词转化为动词时，有很强的隐喻含义。如：The company has branched out all over the world.5.表示物质和实物的名词

6、转化为动词通常表示结果，具有“使成为”，或“把变成”的含义.如：Where can we cash some money?6.抽象名词转化为动词。如：We are angered by his unruly behavior.7.表示时间的名词转化为动词。如：He has been dating the pretty girl for about five years.第7页，此课件共20页哦练习1.Have you booked your ticket？2.It can seat a thousand people.3.Well back you up.4.Well head for Yun

7、nan tomorrow.5.If so,we shall be badly fooled.6.We were hosted by members of the embassy.7.This helped to bridge over our difficulties.8.For six days and nights they battled to save his life.9.Through my childhood,I had hungered for education.10.Over 1,000 students stormed into the building.第8页，此课件共

8、20页哦形容词转化为动词1)大多数转化动词既可以用作及物动词，表示to make，也可以用作不及物动词，表示to become，如:emptyto makeempty:The boy empties the litter bin everyday.to became empty:The room emptied quickly after school.类似的词还有：calm,warm,narrow,clear,dim,cool等等。2）有的形容词只能转化为及物动词，如bare(暴露)、free（释放）、humble（降低身份）、blind（使失明）。如：She freed the bird

9、from the cage.We will never humble ourselves to talk to this stupid man.第9页，此课件共20页哦练习(1)The train slowed down to half its speed.(2)This is the chief way of narrowing the differences between them.(3)Please warm up the dish over the stove.(4)The room gradually quieted down.(5)Wrongs must be righted w

10、hen they are discovered.(6)Nothing dries sooner than a tear.(7)Shelly was unable to calm her.(8)They braved the bitter cold to complete the railway.(9)Most of these rivers empty into the Pacific Ocean.(10)Dont dirty your clothes.(11)He felt himself wronged.(12)The newspaper had been yellowed by sunl

11、ight.(13)He lowered his voice.第10页，此课件共20页哦3.其他此类转化为动词1)由副词转化来的动词如：She downed a glass of milk.2)由连词转化成的动词如：But me no buts.第11页，此课件共20页哦动词转化成名词1.转化后词形不变，词义基本保持原来的含义或略微有所引申。如：Every student has a say here.这类名词前加不定冠词表示一个动词时，常常和get，give，have，take等连用，常构成动词短语。如：have a swim/drink/talk/disputemake a deal/gue

12、ss/survey/showtake a look/walk/glance/restgive a cry/laugh/grunt/start2.多数直接转化的名词和加后缀构成的名词之间具有一些微妙的差别。转化名词通常表示的是某一次的短暂动作或状态;而派生的词则表示一般现象或通常发生的动作，如:Our next move will be decided very soon.He stands in front of the audience without movement.第12页，此课件共20页哦形容词转化为名词形容词转化为名词可分为两类，一类是完全转化(full conversion),另

13、一类是部分转化(partial conversion)完全转化：完全转化为名词的形容词具有名词的全部特征，能作不可数名词表示抽象概念，能加s构成复数，加s构成所有格，也可以用形容词来修饰。如：black1.blackthe blacks2.the blacks tradition3.the injured black一些表示有某些特征或表示有某种信仰，某一国籍或某一组织的人称名词很多来自形容词，如：American,Catholic,Christian,Socialist等；有些则是短语的修饰成分，经过缩略后变成名词，如：shorts=short trousers;a wrong=a wron

14、g thing.部分转化:部分转化为名词的形容词通常不具有名词的全部特征，一般带有定冠词，作为复数来表示一个整体，如一类人或物。与完全转化为名词的形容词相比具有以下三个特征:多数无词尾变化，不能表示多数;无所有格;仍存在形容词特征，可用副词修饰，有比较级和最高级。如：1.The young should take good care of the old.2.He is always interested in the new.3.We are trying our hardest to finish the task before the deadline.第13页，此课件共20页哦练习(1

15、)Nobles constituted seven per cent of the population.(2)When is your French oral?(3)Their jobless total reached a record high since 1940.(4)There is only one black in my class.(5)She is investigating the ancients conception of the universe.(6)He is a natural for the job.(7)It is necessary to make a

16、distinction between right and wrong.(8)They are running in the final.(9)Our six-year-old is at school.再如:in short,for short,in general,for free,in red,in public,in common等.第14页，此课件共20页哦其它词类转化为名词除了动词和形容词之外，还有一些词类可以转化为名词，但是为数不多，而且用法也比较固定。如:1.Are you talking about a she or he?2.I dont want those second

17、s,because they have some defects.3.I dont know any ifs,ands,buts;do it at once!4.I want to know the ins and outs of the whole event.第15页，此课件共20页哦练习1.Dont allow doubts to occur in it.2.If we keep silent,and profit from the clerks mistake,we would drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement.3.Finally

18、,I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house.4.I love this feeling of protecting you and dreaming of all I have in store for you.5.Some of the diseases spread is due to global warming.第16页，此课件共20页哦其它词类之间的转化除了以上词类的转化外，还有其它词类的转化。虽然这些转化涉及各类词，但是构成的词类数量有限。如:How long does it tak

19、e to go to Beijing and back?(名词副词)Stupid!Dont do that again!（形容词感叹词）Easy come,easy go.（形容词副词）I dont have one;neither do I want.（形容词连词）Take your hand off mine!（副词介词）Why did you first talk to him?（数词副词）词性转化的灵活多样，使一些词汇具有了高强的生命力，大大丰富了英语词汇。第17页，此课件共20页哦 名词转化为动词形容词转化为动词名词转化为形容词副词转换为动词 telephone电话打电话slow 慢

20、的放慢front前面前面的down 向下击倒hand手 交给warm 暖的使温暖black 黑色黑色的back向后后退record 录音记录 empty 空的倒空noble 贵族高贵的up 向上提高date 日期 定日期better 较好 改善key 钥匙 关键的name 名字 命名cool 凉爽 使冷face 脸 面对 动词转化为名词动词转化为形容词形容词转化为名词一些形容词前加the后转换为名词 drink 喝饮料perfect 使完善完美的 chief 主要的首领the wounded受伤的人们 study 学习书房fit 适合 适合的first 第一的 第一个the blind盲人们l

21、ook at have a look at wrong 错误的 错 误the beautiful美丽的东西 第18页，此课件共20页哦练习 1.In particular,there was(and perhaps still is)a belief in fairies.2.Only thus can we better the life of the people.3.Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.4.The

22、y finally freed themselves from slavery.5.Being too anxious to help an event develop often results in the contrary to our intention.6.He adjusted the lathe and readied the cutting tool.7.Hes my dear.8.He presented his opposed opinion at the meeting.9.She busied herself with household work.10.He lit a candle to light the room.第19页，此课件共20页哦总结转化词是英语的一种构词方法，也是一种语言现象。问题在于，灵活运用。第20页，此课件共20页哦