英语句子成分及五种简单句ppt讲稿.ppt
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1、关于英语句子成分及五种简单句PPT第一页,讲稿共六十七页哦英语的基本成分有八种:英语的基本成分有八种:主语(主语(subject)谓语(谓语(predicate)宾语(宾语(object)表语(表语(predicative)定语(定语(attribute)状语状语(adverbial)补足语补足语(complement)同位语(同位语(appositive)第二页,讲稿共六十七页哦主语主语:是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在在therebe结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动
2、词后面。装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。v1)Mr.Lee is a well-known scientist.v2)He reads newspapers everyday.v3)What we shall do next is not yet decided.第三页,讲稿共六十七页哦谓语谓语:说明主语的动作或所处的状态。说明主语的动作或所处的状态。谓语谓语(predicate)或谓或谓语动词语动词(predicateverb)的位置一般在主语之后。谓语由的位置一般在主语之后。谓语由简简单动词单动词或或动词短语动词短语(助动词或情态动词主要动词)构成。(助动词或情态动词主要动词)
3、构成。v1)The new term begins on the 1st of September.v2)I would like to invite all my friends here.v5)He is working in the garden.第四页,讲稿共六十七页哦表语表语:是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词(如如be,become)be,become)之后,与系动词之后,与系动词一起构成复合谓语,说明主语的身份,特征,属性或状态等。单词、短语一起构成复合谓语,说明主语的身份,特征,属性或状态等。单词、短语或从句均可充当表语。或从句均可充当表语。v1)Wang
4、s father is a doctor.(名词)(名词)v2)He is always careless.(形容词)(形容词)v3)The basketball match is on.(副词)(副词)v4)All the pupils are on the playground now.(介词短语)(介词短语)第五页,讲稿共六十七页哦宾语宾语:表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词或表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词或介词后面介词后面.v1)Wang Ling give me a book to read in the bus.(双(双宾语)宾语)v2)The medicine i
5、s good for this boy.v3)Do you understand what I mean?第六页,讲稿共六十七页哦定语定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用汉语中常用的的表示。表示。vMary is a chemistry teacher.(名词作定语)(名词作定语)vHe is our friend.(代词作定语)(代词作定语)vHe was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形(形容词作定语)容词作定语)vThe man over there is my
6、old friend.(副词作定语副词作定语)第七页,讲稿共六十七页哦状语状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明说明方式、因果、方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。1)She sings quite well.(副词)(副词)2)On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.(介词短语)(介词短语)3)Arriving there,call me up.4)The boy needs a pen to do his homework.5)He is
7、very handsome.第八页,讲稿共六十七页哦补足语补足语:用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态。用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态。分为宾补和主补。分为宾补和主补。v主补:对主语的补充。主补:对主语的补充。He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.第九页,讲稿共六十七页哦宾语补足语宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作,状态状态,特征特征.vWe elected him monitor.
8、(名词作宾补)(名词作宾补)vWe will make them happy.(形容词作宾补)(形容词作宾补)vWe found nobody in.(副词作宾补副词作宾补)vPlease make yourself at home.(介词短语作宾补)(介词短语作宾补)vDont let him do that.(省(省to不定式名词作宾补)不定式名词作宾补)vHis father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.v(带(带to不定式名词作宾补)不定式名词作宾补)vDont keep the fire burning.(现在分词名词作宾补)
9、(现在分词名词作宾补)vIll have my bike repaired.(过去分词名词作宾补)(过去分词名词作宾补)第十页,讲稿共六十七页哦v同位语同位语是在名词或代词之后是在名词或代词之后,对其作进一步解释或说明,对其作进一步解释或说明,在语法上处于同等地位。名词、代词、数词、和从句等均可在语法上处于同等地位。名词、代词、数词、和从句等均可作同位语。如:作同位语。如:We students should study hard.(students是we的同位语,都是指同一批学生)We all are students.(all是we的同位语,都指同样的我们)The news that we
10、re having a holiday tomorrow is true.(从句作同位语)第十一页,讲稿共六十七页哦英英语语句子的基本句子的基本结结构可以构可以归纳归纳成五种成五种基本句型及其基本句型及其扩扩大、大、组组合、省略或倒装。合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。一一:(主主谓谓)二二:(主系表主系表)三三:(主主谓谓宾宾)四四:(主主谓谓间宾间宾直直宾宾)五五:(主主谓谓宾宾宾补宾补)第十二页,讲稿共六十七页哦基本句型基本句型 一一:(主主谓谓)主语主语:可以作主语的成分有名词可以作主语的成分有名词,主格代
11、词主格代词,动词不定式动词不定式,动名词等等。主语一般在句首。动名词等等。主语一般在句首。谓语谓语:谓语由动词构成谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态是英语时态、语态变化的主角变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语没有宾语,形成主谓结构。形成主谓结构。如如:Wecome.第十三页,讲稿共六十七页哦(不及物不及物动词动词)1.Thesunrose.2.Whocares?3.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.4.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.5.Thepenwritessmoothly此句型的句子有一个此句型的句子有一个共同特
12、点共同特点,即句子的谓语即句子的谓语动词动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。第十四页,讲稿共六十七页哦主语主语可有修饰语可有修饰语-定语定语,谓语谓语可有修饰语可有修饰语-状语状语。如如:1.Theredsunrisesintheeast.2.Sotheyhadtotravelbyairorboat.3.Wegotupearlysoastocatchthefirstbus.4.Shesattherealone,readinganovel.5.Hecamebackwh
13、enwewereeating.6.Weakbuildingswillfalldowninanearthquake,butstrongonesmaystayup.第十五页,讲稿共六十七页哦基本句型二基本句型二:(主系表主系表)此句型的句子有一个共同的特点此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子句子谓语谓语动词动词都不能表达一个完整的意思都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类才能表达完整的意思。这类动词动词叫做叫做连系动词。连系动词。第十六页,讲稿共六十七页哦系系动词动词分两分两类类:be,lo
14、ok,keep,seem等等,表情况表情况;get,grow,become,turn等属另一等属另一类类,表表变变化。化。be本身没有什么意本身没有什么意义义,只起只起连连系主系主语语和表和表语语的的作用。其它系作用。其它系动词动词仍保持其部分仍保持其部分词义词义。感官感官动词动词多可用作多可用作连连系系动词动词:lookwell/面色好面色好,soundnice/听起来不听起来不错错,feelgood/感感觉觉好好,smellbad/难闻难闻第十七页,讲稿共六十七页哦(是系是系动词动词)(表表语语)1.ThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Thedinner
15、smellsgood.3.Hefellinlove.4.Everythinglooksdifferent.5.Heisgrowingtallandstrong.6.Ourwellhasgonedry.7.Hisfaceturnedred.第十八页,讲稿共六十七页哦*Therebe结结构构:Therebe表示表示存在有存在有。这这里的里的there没有没有实际实际意意义义,不可与副不可与副词词there那里那里混淆。混淆。此此结结构后跟名构后跟名词词,表示表示“(存在存在)有某事物有某事物”。试试比比较较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩那儿有一个男孩)前一个前一个th
16、ere无无实实意意,后一个后一个there为为副副词词那里那里。第十九页,讲稿共六十七页哦系动词词义不完整,在句中不能单独使用系动词词义不完整,在句中不能单独使用(除省略句外),后面必须接有表语,系动(除省略句外),后面必须接有表语,系动词和表语一起构成合成谓语。词和表语一起构成合成谓语。第二十页,讲稿共六十七页哦一、系动词的分类:一、系动词的分类:一、系动词的分类:一、系动词的分类:常见的系动词大致可分为三类。常见的系动词大致可分为三类。常见的系动词大致可分为三类。常见的系动词大致可分为三类。第第一一类类:表表示示特特征征或或状状态态的的,有有bebe,looklook,feelfeel,s
17、eemseem,appearappear,smellsmell,tastetaste,soundsound,turn turn outout(结果是、证明是)等。(结果是、证明是)等。Youll be all right soon.Youll be all right soon.You dont look very well.You dont look very well.I feel rather cold.I feel rather cold.第二十一页,讲稿共六十七页哦 He seems to be ill.He seems to be ill.It appears that he is
18、 unhappy.It appears that he is unhappy.The roses smell sweet.The roses smell sweet.The mixture tasted horrible.The mixture tasted horrible.How sweet the music sounds!How sweet the music sounds!The day turned out(to be)a fine one.The day turned out(to be)a fine one.第二十二页,讲稿共六十七页哦第第二二类类:表表示示从从一一种种状状态态
19、到到另另一一种种状状态态的的变变化化,有有become,get,grow,turn,fall,go,come,run等。等。Hebecameaworld-famousscientist.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.Itgrewdark.Thefoodhasturnedbad.第二十三页,讲稿共六十七页哦第第三三类类:表表示示保保持持状状态态的的,有有keepkeep,remainremain,continuecontinue,staystay等等。Keep quiet,children!Keep quiet,children!The The weather weath
20、er continued continued fine fine for for a a long long time.time.It remains to be proved.It remains to be proved.第二十四页,讲稿共六十七页哦系系动动词词后后的的表表语语可可以以是是名名词词、代代词词、数数词词、形形容容词词、分分词词、动动名名词词、不不定定式式、副副词词、介介词词短短语语、词词组组、从句,系动词从句,系动词bebe可用于上述所有情况。可用于上述所有情况。Thenewswassurprising.(分词)(分词)HisjobisteachingEnglish.(动名词
21、)(动名词)Theonlymethodistogivethechildmorehelp.(不定式)(不定式)Imustbeoffnow.(副词)(副词)Thebridgeisunderconstruction.(介词短语)(介词短语)Thatwouldbeagreatweightoffmymind.(词组)(词组)Thisiswhyhewaslate.(从句)(从句)第二十五页,讲稿共六十七页哦所有的系动词都可接形容词作表语,此处略举数例。所有的系动词都可接形容词作表语,此处略举数例。Ourfuturewillbebeautiful.Shelooksunhappytoday.Doyoufeel
22、cold?Youseem/appearill.Thefoodtastesdelicious.Theweatheristurning/growing/becoming/gettingcold.Heoftenwenthungry.第二十六页,讲稿共六十七页哦3.3.能能用用不不定定式式作作表表语语的的系系动动词词有有:appearappear,seemseem,getget,prove prove,remain remain,turn out turn out等。等。She appears/seems to be very young.She appears/seems to be very yo
23、ung.He appears/seems to have caught cold.He appears/seems to have caught cold.They got to be friendsThey got to be friends。The meeting turned out to be successful.The meeting turned out to be successful.The theory proved to be right.The theory proved to be right.Much remains to be done.Much remains
24、to be done.第二十七页,讲稿共六十七页哦4.4.能能接接从从句句的的有有:bebe,seemseem,appearappear,soundsound,looklook等。等。ThatThats why he fell ill.s why he fell ill.My idea is that we should help him.My idea is that we should help him.It seems/appears to me that something is wrong.It seems/appears to me that something is wrong.
25、It It sounds sounds to to me me as as if if someone someone were were trying trying to to get get into the house.into the house.Your voice sounds as if you had a cold.Your voice sounds as if you had a cold.It looks as if it is going to rain.It looks as if it is going to rain.第二十八页,讲稿共六十七页哦5.5.能能接接介介
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