九年级英语语法总复习.doc
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1、九年级英语语法总复习一、名词名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类: 1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,gun。 2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合family。 3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。 4)抽象名词(Abstract No
2、uns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(Countable Nouns),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。归纳一下,名词的分类可以下列表示:专有名词:是个别的人,事物,地点等专有名称。其第一个字母大写普通名词;可数名词;不可数名词。可数名词的构成规则:1一般名词加 -s 1.清辅音后读/s/; map-maps 2.浊辅音和元音后 bag-bags读 /z/; car-cars2以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加 -es 读 /iz/bus-buses watch-
3、watches3以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词 加 -s读 /iz/license-licenses4以辅音字母+y 变y 为i结尾的词 再加es 读 /z/baby-babies其它名词复数的规则变化 1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数: 如:two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeysholiday-holidays比较: 层楼:storey -storeys story-stories 2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:a. 加s,如: photo-photospiano-pianos radio-r
4、adioszoo-zoos; b. 加es,如:potato-potatoestomato-tomatoesc. 均可,如:zero-zeros / zeroes 3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时: a. 加s,如: belief-beliefsroof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs;b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half-halvesknife-knivesleaf-leaveswolf-wolveswife-wiveslife-livesthief-thieves;c. 均可,如:handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerch
5、ieves名词复数的不规则变化1)child-childrenfoot-feettooth-teethmouse-miceman-men woman-women 注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。2)单复同形如:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin但除人民币元、角、分外,美
6、元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。如: peoplepolicecattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。如: The Chinese are industries
7、 and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如: a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.
8、<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜)trousers,clothes 若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双);suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼不可数名词量的表示1)物质名词a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。 比较:Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数)These cakes are s
9、weet.这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数)b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,名词可数。This factory produces steel.(不可数)We need various steels.(可数)c. 当物质名词表示份数时,可数。Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。2) 抽象名词有时也可数。four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量。如:a glass of water 一杯水a piece of ad
10、vice一条建议名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。定语名词的复数1) 用复数作定语。 如:sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室 talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系 2) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 如:men workerswomen teachersgentlemen officials3) 有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。 如:goods train (货车) arms produce武器生
11、产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush衣刷4) 数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。 如:two-dozen eggs两打/(二十四个鸡蛋) a ten-mile walk 十里路 two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.一个五年计划 个别的有用复数作定语的,如: a seven-years child名称 总称(谓语用复数)一个人 两个人中国人the Chinesea Chinese two Chinese瑞士人the Swissa Swiss two Swiss澳大利亚人theantwoAustralians
12、AustralianAustralians 俄国人the Russiansa Russiantwo Russians意大利人the Italiansan Italian two Italians希腊人the Greek a Greektwo Greeks法国人the French a Frenchmantwo Frenchmen日本人the Japanesea Japanese two Japanese美国人the Americansan Americantwo Americans印度人the Indiansan Indian two Indians加拿大人the Canadiansa Can
13、adian two Canadians德国人the Germansa Germanstwo Germans英国the Englishan Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes 名词的格在英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如:a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下:1) 单数名词词尾加"'s",复数名词词尾没有s,也要加"'s",如the boy's ba
14、g 男孩的书包,men's room 男厕所。2) 若名词已有复数词尾-s ,只加"'",如:the workers' struggle工人的斗争。3) 凡不能加"'s"的名词,都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系,如:the title of the song 歌的名字。4) 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如:the barber's 理发店。5) 如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示"分别有";只有
15、一个's,则表示'共有 如:John's and Mary's room(两间)John and Mary's room(一间)6) 复合名词或短语,'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。 如:a month or two's absence主谓一致:1):可数名词单数和不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数。There is a pen on the desk.The milk is hot.2)复数名词做主语时,谓语用复数。如:Some students are playing football on the playground.3)family,c
16、lass,team,group单复数根据具体情况而定(指整个集体视为单数:His family are sports lovers.)集合名词 :police,people只用作复数4)姓的复数与冠词连用,表示“全家人”或“夫妇二人”,作主语时,谓语用复数。如:The Greens are watching Tv now.5)无论是可数名词还是不可数名词,如果其前面用了表示数量的“of”词组时,谓语动词的单数形式取决于“of词组”中表示数量的名词的单复数如:There is a map of tea on the table. There are two glasses of water on
17、 the tableThere is a basket of apples under the bed.(三) 例题解析1. Lucy and Lilyin the same class.A. am B. is C. are D. be 2. Which is the to the bus stop, please?A road B way C street D address 3. Hurry up!There is time left.A little B a little C few D a few4. How many can you see in the picture?A toma
18、tos B tomatoes C tomato D the tomato 5. is the meat. Please?Ten yuan a kilo. 6 The boy's name is James Allen Green. So his given name is.A James Allen B Allen Green C James Green D Mr. Green 7 Shanghai is one of the biggestin our country.A city B city's C citys D cities 8 Would you please pa
19、ss me?A two paper B two papersC two pieces of paper D two pieces of papers 9 September 10th is Day.A Teacher B Teachers C Teacher's D Teachers'10 I only have bread for lunch today.A a bit B a bit of C little D few11 “What would you like, Ann? ”“I'd like two.”A glass of milk B glasses of
20、milkC glass of milks D glasses of milks12 There isn't paper in the box. Will you go and get for me?A any, some B any, any C some, some D some, any13 June 1st is.A Children's day B children's DayC Children's Day D children's day14 These foreign friends are.A German B Germen C Germ
21、any D Germans15 All the students are busy, so of them will go to the cinema.A many B little C a few D few 16 There are threeand sevenin the picture.A deers, sheeps B deers, sheepC deer, sheep Ddeer, sheeps17 Whose room is this? It's.A my B Kike's and John'sC our D Kike and John's1答案C
22、.析由and连接两个单数名词作主语时应按复数名词来搭配谓语动词。 2答案B.析这是考察同意词辨析,road是指较宽阔的大道,意为“乡间公路”,而street意为道路两边的建筑物较高,可视为街道之意,而way则多为要到达某地所要经过的途径,还可引深为方式、方法。而address则为“地址”。如:There is a car running along the country road. I live at 105 Park street. Can you show me the way to the National Museum? 3 答案A.析因time作为时间讲为不可数名词,所以不可用fe
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