2019年12月四级真题第三套.pdf

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1、2019年12月四级真题（第3套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to study in China. Please recommend a university to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 80 words Part II Part III Section A Listeni

2、ng Comprehension 牛寺另肵兑明四级考试每次仅考两套听力第三套听力试题同第一套或第二套试题一致Reading Comprehension (30 minutes) (40 minutes) Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passag

3、e through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Millions of people travel by pla

4、ne every匀ngle day. If youre pla皿ng on being one of them soon, you might not be loo灼ng forward to the 26 feeling air travel often leaves you with Besides the airport crowds and stress, travelling at a high altitude has real effects on the body. Although the pressure of the cabin is 27 to prevent alti

5、tude sickness, you could still 28 sleep皿ss or a headache. The lower oxygen pressure found in an aircraft cabin is 29 to that at 6,000-8,000 feet of altitude. A drop in oxygen pressure can cause headaches in cert扣n30 . To help prevent headaches, drink plenty of water, and avoid alcohol and coffee Air

6、plane food might not really be as tasteless as you 31 thought. The air you breathe in a plane dries out your mouth and nose, which can affect your sense of taste. Perception of sweet and salty foods dropped by almost 30 percent in a simulation of air travel. However, you can make your taste buds act

7、ive ag扣n by dri心ng water. A dry mouth may 32 taste sensitivity, but taste is restored by dri心ng fluids Although证flight infections 33 in dry environments like airplanes, your risk of ge山ng sick from an airplane is actually low because of the air 34 used. Unless youre si山ng next to someone who is coug

8、hing or snee刀ng, you shouldnt worry too much about ge山ng sick. However, bacteria have been shown to live on cabin surfaces, so wash your hands 3 5 A) adjustedI)particularB) channelsJ) primarilyC) equivalentK) reduceD) expenenceL) renovatedE) filtersM) smoothF)frequentlyN) thrive- 1 -G) individuals0)

9、 unpleasantH) originallySection B Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than on

10、ce. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 A South Korean city designed for the future takes on a life of its own AGet血g around a city is one伽ngand then theres the matter of ge山ng from one city to another. One v1s10n of the

11、perfect city of the future is a place that offers easy access to air travel. In 2011, a University of North Carolina bu匀ness professor named John Kasarda published a book called Aerotropolis: The Way Well Live Next. Kasarda says future cities should be built intentionally around or near airports. Th

12、e idea, as he has put it, is to offer bu匀nesses rapid, long-distance connectivity on a massive scale B The 18th century really was a waterborne (水运的）century, the 19th century a rail century, the 20thcentury a highway, car, truck centuryand the 21 st century will increa匀ngly be an aviation century, a

13、s the globe becomes increa匀ngly connected by air, Kasarda says. Songdo, a city built from scratch in South Korea, is one of Kasardas prime examples. It has existed for just a few years. From the outset, it was designed on the basis of connectivity and competitiveness, says Kasarda. The government bu

14、ilt the bridge directly from the airport to the Songdo International Bu匀ness District. And the surface infrastructure was built at the same time as the new airport CSongdo is a stones throw from South Koreas Incheon Airport, its main international hub (枢纽） . But ittakes a lot more than a nearby airp

15、ort to be a city of the future. Just buil小ng a place as an international bu匀nessdistrict doesnt mean it will become one. Park Yeon Soo conceived(构想） this city of the future back in 1986. He considers Songdo his baby. Park sees himself as a visionary. Thirty years after he imag皿d the city, Parks baby

16、 is close to 70 percent built, with 36,000 people living in the bu匀ness district and 90,000 residents in greater Songdo. Its about an hour outside Seoul, built on fom记r tidal flats along the Yell ow Sea. Theres a Coast Guard buil小ng and a tall trade tower, as well as a park, golf course and universi

17、ty DChances are youve actually seen this place. Songdo appears in the most famous music video ever tocome out of South Korea. Gangnam Style refers to the fashionable Gangnam district in Seoul. But some of the video was filmed in Songdo. I dont know if you remember, there was a scene in a subway stat

18、ion. That was not Gangnam. That was actually Songdo, says Jung Won Son, a professor of urban development at Londons Bartlett School of Planning. Part of the reason to shoot there is that its new and血e EThe city was supposed to be a hub for global compa血s, with employees from all over the world. Butt

19、hats not how it has turned out. Songdos reputation is as a futuristic ghost town. But the reality is more complicated. A bridge with big, light-blue loops leads血o the bu匀ness district. In the center of the m扣n road, theres a long line of flags of the world. On the comer, theres a Starbucks and a 7-E

20、levenall of the血emationalbrands that you see all over the world nowadays FThe city is not empty. There are mothers pu啦ng baby carriages, old women with walkerseven in the 皿ddle of the day, when its 90 degrees out. Byun Young-Jin chairs the Songdo real estate association and started selling property

21、here when the first phase of the city opened in 2005. He says demand has boomed in.the past couple of years. Most of his clients are Korean. In fact, the developer says, 99 percent of the homes here are sold to Koreans. Young families move here because the schools are great. And thats the problem: S

22、ongdo has become a popular Korean citymore popular as a residential area than a bu匀ness one. Its not yet the futuristic 血emational bu匀ness hub that planners imag皿d. Its a great place to live. And its beco血ng a great place to work, says Scott Summers, vice president of Gale International, the develop

23、er of the city. The floor-to-ceiling 灼ndows of his companys offices overlook Songdo Central Park, with a canal full of small boats and people fi啦ng. Shimmering(闪烁的）glass towers line the canals edge G Whats happened is that our focus on crea血g that quality of life first has enabled the residents to l

24、ivehere, Summers says. But there needs to be strong economic incentives for companies to locate here. The city is still un伽ished, and it feels a bit like a theme park. It doesnt feel all that futuristic. Theres a high-tech - 2 -underground trash disposal system. Buildings are environmentally friendl

25、y. Everybodys television set 1s connected to a system that streams personalized language or exercise classes H But this is not Star Trek. And to some of the residents, Songdo feels hollow. Im, like, in prison forweekdays. Thats what we call it in the workplace, says a woman in her 20s. She doesnt wa

26、nt to use her name for fear of being fired from her job. She goes back to Seoul every weekend. I say Im prison-brea灼ng on Friday nights. But she has to make the prison break in her own car. Theres no high-speed tr扣n conne叫ng Songdo to Seoul, just over 20 miles away I Park Y eon Soo, the man who firs

27、t imag皿d Songdo, feels frustrated, too. He says he built South Korea aluxury vehicle, like Mercedes or BMW. Its a good car now. But were waiting for a good driver to accelerate. But there are lots of other good cars out there, too. The world is dotted with futuristic, high-tech cities trying to attr

28、act the biggest international companies J Songdos backers contend that its still early, and bu匀ness space is filling upabout 70 percent of伽ished offices are now occupied. Brent Ryan, who teaches urban design at MIT, says Songdo proves a universal p门nciple. There have been a lot of utopian (鸟托邦的） cit

29、ies in history. And the reason we dont know about a lot of them is that they have v画shed entirely. In other words, when it comes to citiesor anything elseit is hard to predict the future 3 6. Songdos popularity lies more in its quality of life than its bu匀ness attraction 3 7. The man who conceived S

30、ongdo feels disappo血ed because it has fallen short of his expectations 3 8 .A scene in a popular South Korean music video was shot in Songdo 39.Songdo still lacks the financial stimulus for bu匀nesses to set up shop there40. Airplanes will increa匀ngly become the chief means of transportation, acco咄ng

31、 to a professor41. Songdo has ended up different from the city it was supposed to be42. Some of the people who work in Songdo compl扣n about boredom in the workplace43. A bu匀ness professor says that a future city should have easy access to 血emational transportation44. Acco咄ng to an urban design profe

32、ssor, it is difficult for city designers to foresee what will happen mthe future 45. Park Y eon Soo, who envisioned Songdo, feels a parental connection with the citySection C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For ea

33、ch of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. The fifth largest city in the US passed a sign

34、ificant soda tax proposal that will levy (征税） I .Scents per liquid ounce on distributors Philadelphia s new measure was approved by a 13 to 4 city council vote. It sets a new bar for similar initiatives across the country. It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks can灼n substantial support outside sup

35、er_liberal areas. Until now, the only city to successfully pass and implement a soda tax was Berkeley, California, in 2014 The tax will apply to regular and diet sodas, as well as other drinks with added sugar, such as Gatorade and iced teas. Its expected to raise $410 million over the next five yea

36、rs, most of which will go toward funding a universal pre如ndergarten program for the city - 3 -While the city council vote was met with applause inside the council room, opponents to the measure, mcluding soda lobbyists, made sharp criticisms and a promise to challenge the tax in court The tax passed

37、 today unfairly匀ngles out beveragesincluding low-and no-calorie choices, said Lauren Kane, spokeswoman for the American Beverage Association. But most importantly, it is ag扣nst the law. So we will side with the majority of the people of Philadelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action to stop

38、it An industry-backed anti-tax campaign has spent at least $4 million on advertisements. The ads criticized the measure, character迈ng it as a grocery tax Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step toward fixing cert扣n las血g health issues that plague Americans. The move to recapture a

39、small part of the profits from an industry that pushes a product that contributes to diabetes, obesity and heart disease in poorer commu血ies in order to reinvest in those commu血ieswill sure be inspirational to many other places, said Jim Krieger, executive director of Healthy Food America Indeed, we

40、 are already hea门ng from some of them. Its notjust Berkeley anymore Similar measures in Californias Albany, Oakland, San Francisco and Colorados Boulder are beco血ng hotbutton issues. Health advocacy groups have h血ed that even more might be co血ng46. What does the passage say about the newly-approved

41、soda tax in Philadelphia?A) It will change the lifestyle of many consumersB) It may encourage other US cities to follow suitC) It will cut soda consumption among low-income communitiesD) It may influence the marke血g strategies of the soda busmess47. What will the opponents probably do to respond to

42、the soda tax proposal?A) Barg扣n with the city councilC) Take legal action against itB) Refuse to pay additional taxD) Try to灼n public support48. What did the industry-backed anti-tax campaign do about the soda tax proposal?A) It tried to arouse hostile feelings among consumers. B) It tried to win gr

43、ocers support ag扣nst the measureC) It kept sen小ng letters of protest to the media.D) It criticized the measure through advertismg49.What did public health groups think the soda tax would do?A) Alert people to the risk of suga曰nduced diseases.B)Help people to fix cert扣n long-time health issuesC)Add t

44、o the fund for their research on diseases.D)Benefit low-income people across the country50.What do we learn about similar measures conce血ng the soda tax in some other cities ?A) They are beco血ng rather sensitive issuesB) They are sprea小ng panic in the soda industryC) They are reducing the incidence

45、of sugar-induced diseasesD) They are ta灼ng away a lot of profit from the sod缸ndustryPassage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. Popping food into the microwave for a couple of血nutes may seem utterly harmless, but Europes stock of these quick-coo灼ng ovens emit as much carbon as

46、 nearly 7 million cars, a new study has found. And the problem - 4 -1s growmg. With costs falling and kitchen apliances beco血ng status items, owners are thro灼ng awaymicrowaves after an average of eight years. This 1s pu啦ng sales of new microwaves which are expected to reach 13 5 million annually in

47、the EU by the end of the decade A study by the University of Manchester calculated the emissions of CO2the main gree咄ouse gas responsible for climate changeat every stage of microwaves, from manufacture to waste disposal. It is electricity consumption by microwaves that has the biggest impact on the

48、 environment, say the authors. The authors also calculate that the emissions from u匀ng 19 microwaves over a year are the same as those from u匀ng a car. Acco咄ng to the same study, efforts to reduce consumption should focus on improving consumer awareness and behaviour. For example, consumers could us

49、e appliances in a more efficient way by adjus血g the time of coo灼ng to the type of food However, David Reay, professor of carbon management, argues that, although microwaves use a great deal of energy, their emissions are 血nor compared to those from cars. In the UK alone, there are around 30 million

50、cars. These cars emit more than all the microwaves in the EU. Bac灼ng this up, recent data show that passenger cars in the UK emitted 69 million tons of CO2 in 2015. This is IO times the amount this new microwave oven study estimates for annual emissions for all the microwave ovens in the EU. Further