主语从句知识点讲义 高考英语语法总复习.doc

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1、主语从句知识点 高考英语语法总复习主语从句概述什么是主语从句？我想要搞懂什么是主语从句，恐怕先要搞懂什么是主语了，举个例子：- Candy is fine with me.糖果对我来说没问题。这句话中 Candy(糖果) 就是主语，就是一个简单的词而已，一样东西、一个人名、一个地方等等。那所谓主语从句呢就是把原来的一个词变成了一个完整的句子，然后将这整个句子当成主语，这整个句子在这一句话里跟一个名词起的作用是一样一样的，例如：- Whatever you want is fine with me.你想要什么我都可以。这句话中 Whatever you want 就是主语，从

2、原来的一个词变成了一个句子。怎么样明白了吗？主语从句的位置主语从句通常由这些词进行引导： that、whether、what、who、whom、which、whose、when、where、why、how等。啥叫引导？好吧，就是从句开头的第一个词，它可能是上面这几个词中的一个。比如这个例子：- What you need is another bathing suit.你需要的是另一件泳衣。这个句子里，What 就是引导词（因为出现在开头），而“What you need” 就是一个主语从句，在这个句子里扮演了主语。主语从句该怎样安放？从大的分法上来说主要就 2 类，一种是以上面那些

3、引导词开头的句子，也就是说从句在句首；另外一种就是把他们变换了一下，将从句放到句尾，但是从句依然是主语，只不过整个句子的开头用 It 代替了。1、从句在句首- That money doesn't grow on trees should be obvious.金钱不能从树上长出来是显而易见的。（“That money doesn't grow on trees” 作主语）- Why the woman was murdered is still a question.这个女人为什么会被谋杀仍然是个问题。（“Why the woman was murdere

4、d” 作主语）- Whether Tom will join us wont make any difference.汤姆是否会加入我们，并不会带来什么不同。（“Whether Tom will join us” 作主语）- The greatest test of courage on earth is to bear defeat without losing heart.世界上对勇气的最大考验是忍受失败而不丧失信心。（“The greatest test of courage on earth” 作主语）你有没有发现，在上面这些句子中，主语占的空间太大了，因为原来我们

5、说话，主语就是一个词，现在这样的话，比例有些失调，显得头重脚轻的，因此为了保持句子平衡，就做了一下调整，主语从句常用it作形式主语，而且大部分主语从句都可以用 it 作形式主语，将主语从句后置，如下：2、从句在句尾下面的两组句子，其实是一个意思，只是位置发生了变化，一个在前一个在后（前半句换用 it 引导了）：- Where you were born doesn't make any difference.- It doesn't make any difference where you were born.你出生在哪里并无太大差别。（第二句把 “Where yo

6、u were born” 放到句尾了，而且前面加了 It ）- Who your parents were doesn't make any difference.- It doesn't make any difference who your parents were.你父母是谁也并无多大差别，（第二句把 “Who your parents were” 放到句尾了，而且前面加了 It ）主语从句中的 that的作用hat 引导的主语从句有哪些呢？一、that 从句在句首的情况- That we are invited to a party this ev

7、ening is a good news to us我们被邀请参加今晚的晚会，这对我们来说是个好消息。- That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.海洋正在被过度捕捞，这一点多年来就已为人所知。总结：这是 that 存在感最强的时候了，当“头儿”了，所以不能省略，但是，依然不能被翻译出来。当然，更加常见的是 that从句在句末的情况，然后前面用一个形式主语 it 来指代，而且这种情况 that 还经常可以省略，下面就是这种情况，地位不保，全被 it 给替换了

8、，哈哈哈二、that 从句在句末的情况1、It be + 过去分词 + that从句常见的结构如下：- It's reported that 据报道.- It's believed that 据信.- It is generally thought that 人们普遍认为.- It should be noted that 应当注意.- It has been found that 现已发现.- It must be pointed out that 必须指出.例：It's reported that the rate is rising.据报道这个比例仍然在上升。2、

9、It be + 形容词 + that从句常见的结构如下：- It is clear that 显然.- It is possible that 很可能.- It is likely that 很可能.- It is natural that 很自然.- It is certain that 可以相信.- It is strange that 奇怪的是.- It is fortunate that 幸运的是.- It is necessary that 有必要.例：It is necessary that every student wears a uniform.有必要让每个学生都穿校服3、I

10、t be + 名词短语 + that从句常见的结构如下：- It is a pity that 可惜的是- It is a fact that 事实是- It is good news that 真是太好了- It is a good thing that 真是件好事- It is no wonder that 难怪- It is a shame that 遗憾的是- It is an honor that 真荣幸- It is common knowledge that 是常识- It is my belief that 我相信- It is a miracle that 真是奇迹例：It

11、is good news that she finally lives in her home city.她终于可以住在她老家的城市了，真是个好消息。4、It + 不及物动词 + that从句常见的结构如下：- It seems that 似乎- It follows that 因此- It happens that 碰巧- It turns out that 结果证明是- It comes about that 结果是例：It seems that he doesn't love her.看起来他并不爱她。5、其他结构- It dawns upon/on sb.that 某人突然想起

12、.- It occurs to sb.that 某人突然想起.- It makes no difference that .无所谓- It doesn't need to be bothered that 不必担忧.- It is of little consequence that .无关紧要例：It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.她突然想到乔害怕独自一人。主语从句中其他引导词的意思主语从句通常由这些词进行引导： that、whether、what、who、whom、which、whose、wh

13、en、where、why、how等。其实啊，这些词在句子里是要表明一些事情的，比如某一具体的事物、人、地点、时间或方法等等，例如：what = the thing that/which “ 的事物/东西”;where = the place where “的地方”;when = the time when “的时候”;why = the reason why “的原因”；其余类推，它们已经失去了疑问意义。1、What引导主语从句，表明一件事- What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。（“What she

14、did” 作主语）2、Where引导主语从句，表明一个地点- Where we love is home我们爱的地方就是家。（“Where we love” 作主语）3、When 引导主语从句，表明时间- When you can make it depends on your efforts.你什么时候能做到取决于你的努力。（“When you can make it” 作主语）4、Why引导主语从句，表明原因- Why they didn't come is still unknown to us.他们为什么没有来，我们还不知道。（“Why

15、they didn't come” 作主语）5、Who 引导主语从句，表明某人- Who is late will be punished today.今天迟到的人将受到惩罚。（“Who is late” 作主语）6、Which引导主语从句，表选择- Which book you read is your decision.你读哪本书是你的决定。（“Which book you read” 作主语）7、How引导主语从句，表方式方法- How you think and act will influence your life.你的想法和行为将影

16、响你的生活。（“How you think and act” 作主语）8、Whatever引导主语从句，表明泛指的一类事- Whatever you love and trust in this world loves you in return.无论你在这个世界上爱什么、信任什么，都会反过来爱你。（“Whatever you love and trust in this world”作主语）9、Whoever引导主语从句，表明泛指的一类人- Whoever can answer this question can get this candy.任何能回答这个问题

17、的人都可以得到这块糖。（“Whoever can answer this question” 作主语）10、Whenever引导主语从句，表明泛指的时间- Whenever you are ready will be fine.你什么时候准备好都没关系。（“Whenever you are ready ” 作主语）11、Wherever引导主语从句，表明泛指的地点- Wherever you go is right无论你走到哪里都是对的。（“Wherever you go” 作主语）12、Whether引导主语从句，表明一种条件- W

18、hether you can speak English depends on your effort。是否你能说英语是取决于你的努力。（“Whether you can speak English” 作主语）当然，也可以把主语从句置于句末，同时在句首添加it指代，这时也可以把 Whether 换成 If：- It depends on your effort whether you can speak English.- It depends on your effort if you can speak English.注意：主语从句在句首只能用 whether 而不能用 if，只有在句末才可以换成 if.