2022年中考英语专题复习之考点讲解和训练单项填空.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载中考英语复习十三：单项填空的考点讲解和训练【考点扫描】单项挑选题一向是各省市中考的必考题型；它的特点是考点多,掩盖面广,题量大；其 主要考查点是：1. 考查基本语法 ; 2. 考查同义词、近义词的辨析；3. 考查各种词汇的惯用法和固定搭配；4. 考查把握和运用日常交际用语的才能；【名师解难】由于单项挑选题所考查的范畴较广,所以要想做好此类题一要具备扎实的英语基础学问,二要紧扣语境,抓住关键词；详细应留意以下几点：1. 复习时要弄清中学阶段所显现的几种主要时态和语态的用法、结构、与之 连用的状语及各自的特别用法；重点要分清现在完

2、成时、一般过去时的用 法；对宾语从句、状语从句、动词不定式、比较等级以及它们的用法规章 都要一一弄清晰；仍要留意固定搭配、习惯用语、动词的时态和语态、动 词辨析以及不同词性的词的用法；2. 在解题方面要突出语境,在语境中选语句和词汇,防止汉语思维的干扰；英语中一些关键词的含义往往是由它所处的语义环境（即上下文）打算的,答题时如忽视了语境,就很简单答错题；3. 在解题时要留意句型结构和语序；要把握中学阶段所显现的句型结构,注 意宾语从句、感叹句的语序；4. 把握习语和日常交际用语；应把握大纲词汇、习惯用语；由于文化背景和 风俗习惯的不同,对于一些日常交际用语应记牢；从近几年来全国各地的中考试卷分

3、析可以看出,单项挑选题的考点主要分布在：名 词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、连词、介词、情态动词；时态、语态；词义辨 析、语序、各种不同的从句及交际用语上；在做单项挑选题时,同学们除应具有较扎实的语言基础学问和善于摸索外,把握一 些解题方法是很有必要的；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载由于单项挑选掩盖面广,其解题思路也多种多样；下面我们举例谈谈一些常用的解 题方法；1. 直接法：即直接利用相关语法学问,通过题干中的已供信息,捕获到解题线索,从而得出正确 答案的解题方法,例如：- Will y

4、ou come to the net bars （网吧） with me. - Sorry. My mother always tells me _there. A. not go B. go C. not to go D. to go 即 tell sb. not to do sth. ,故此题应选C；依据句意可知此题考查动词不定式的否定形式,2. 关键词法 很多题目中都有这样一些词,它们对于快速而精确地判定答案起着至关重要的作用；我们称这些词为关键词（如：key words）；找到句中的关键词,也就找到明白题的突破口,例He hardly hurt himself in the accid

5、ent, _. A. doesnt he B. didnt he C. did he D. does he 该题中 hardly 与 hurt 是起关键词作用的； 凡陈述部分含有 hardly, never, little, few 等否定意义的词时,反意疑问句用确定形式；而 hurt 一词的过去式与原形相同,此处 hurt 未加s,应为过去式；因此此题答案 C 是正确的；- What did you see, Mary. - I saw a lot of trees on_ of the lake. A. either side B. all sides C. both sides D. o

6、ther side 在平常练习中,我们接触的多是以下表达：on both sides of the road / street / river ；但此题中 lake 无两边之分,只能是“ 在四周 ” ；所以正确答案是B；此题中 lake 一词成为关键词；3. 类推法假如对题目的备选答案没有非常把握或把握很小,的类推法,从而可将 A、 B 予以否定,例如：- Whos the man at the door. - _. A. He is a doctor B. He is a friend of mine 不妨利用 “ 假如 A 对,那么 B 也对 ”名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第

7、2 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - C. He is a famous singer 学习必备欢迎下载D. He is twenty 认真分析备选答案就可发觉：A 、C 选项针对的是 “职业 ”；如 A 是对的,那么C 也会是对的； D 回答的是年龄；故惟有B 才是正确的；4. 前后照料法此方法多用于两个以上句子或对话形式命题的题目；解题前,透彻懂得,然后联系上下文,捕获隐含信息,方能精确找出答案,例如：- He isnt a teacher, is he. - _. He works in a hospital. A. Yes, he is B. No, h

8、e isnt C. Yes, He isnt D. No, he is 此题考查否定句的反意疑问句的回答；由后半句的回答,我们知道“他”的身份不是教师；否定反意疑问句回答中的 的是 B；再如：Yes 其实际含义为 “ 不” ,No 的实际含义为 “是” ；因此应挑选- Its dangerous to play here. - All right. Lets go and find a _place. A. quiet B. safe C. bright D. dark 那么就找个安全的地方；此题应选B；联系上下文即可弄清语境：既然在这里玩危急,5. 排除法 依据题干供应的信息,先把一眼就看出

9、的干扰项排除,缩小挑选范畴,然后将剩余的选项填入空白处进行检验,辨别真伪,例如：The girl asked the teacher _. A. what does the museum looks like C. what the museum looks like B. what did the museum look like D. what the museum looked like 此题主要考查宾语从句中的语序准时态的对应关系；主句动词是过去时,从句的谓语动词也应是过去时的某种时态,6. 交际法故 A、C 被排除； 而 B 中有词序错误, 所以 D 为正确答案；此方法可用 30 个

10、交际用语,联系上下文直接解题,例如：- Would you like to have another cup of tea. - _. 名师归纳总结 A. Yes, I do B. Not al all C. No, thanks D. Help yourself 第 3 页,共 11 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载应委婉说出,此题主要考查简答交际用语的应答；对别人的邀请, 假如表示不接受时,不能断然拒绝；因此,选 C 是正确答案；以上六种方法,大家要在具备扎实的基础学问条件下,敏捷运用；同时,我们仍要提醒大家留意以下几点：（1）

11、不要受母语思维习惯的影响；学习外语经常会受母语习惯的影响；因此解题时也常会受母语思维模式的影响,例如：- _is the capital of America. - Washington. A. Where B. What C. In where D. In which 汉语中常可这样发问“美国的首都是哪儿 .”所以有人会选 A,但英语中 where 是副词,表示地点；本句是问美国首都是哪个城市,所以正确的挑选是 B；再如：_its difficult to learn English well, _you should never drop it. A. Though; but B. Tho

12、ugh; C. Because; so D. Because; 汉语中有关联词“虽然 但是 ” 、“由于 所以 ” ,但在英语中 though 与 but, because和 so是不行搭配使用的；由题意可知只有 B 是正确答案；（2）防止定势思维；有些固定搭配或习惯表达法大家把握较牢靠,但也正是由于受到这些习惯表达的影响,犯一些思维定势的错误,例如：I wont come back _August 5 and 7. A. until B. both C. between D. for 受 not until 这一固定搭配的影响,很多人会选A；但如认真审题,就答案应选 C；由于 “ 回来 ”这

13、一动作不能同时发生在两个不同的日期；再如：Canada is larger than _country in Asia （亚洲） . A. any other B. other C. any D. all others A；“比较级+ any other + 单数名词 ” 是一种典型的比较级结构；所以有人会选但 Canada 是美洲国家,和亚洲国家相比不存在与自身相比较的问题；所以不行用 other 排除自身；正确的答案选 C；（3）防止 “ 鱼目混珠 ”；有些词由于词性、 词义不同, 它的用法也不同,应留意辨别, 例如：- Do you know if he _to play basketb

14、all with us. - I think he will come if he _free tomorrow. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. comes; is 学习必备欢迎下载B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will he 如不留意审题,很简单误选 A；但如认真分析,就会发觉前者 if 作“ 是否 ”解,而后者意为 “ 假如 ”；二者分别引导宾语从句和条件状语从句；英语中, 只有在时间、条件状语从句时,从句中用一般现在时代替将来时,在

15、其他从句中无此用法；所以C 是正确答案；再如：He made faces _the baby _crying. A. to make; stop B. make; stop C. make; to stop D. to make; to stop 题中两个 make 用法不同； make faces 意为 “ 做鬼脸 ” ,后接动词不定式作目的状语；后一个 make 意为 “使得 ” ,是一个使役动词, 其后接动词原形作宾补,即 make sb. do sth. 所以此题应选 A ；【中考范例】陕西省中考试题 21. -Have you ever heard from your aunt si

16、nce she went to Hong Kong. -Yes, Ive just got a letter from _.A. her B. hers C. she D. herself 【解析】答案：A；该题考查的是代词用法；这个句子的基本结构时 get a letter from sb. 由于 from 是个介词,后面所跟代词应用人称代词的宾格 her；22. Im reading now. Please tell him _ the TV a bit.A. turn up B. turn off C. to turn down D. to turn on 【解析】答案： C；该题考查的

17、是短语动词辨析；题干所供应的语境是“我正在看书 ”,因此应告知他把电视拧小一些；所以应选 turn down；23. Im sure you know the difference _ “look for” and “find ” .A. from B. for C. to D. between 【解析】答案：D；该题考查的是介词的用法；题干的意思是 “我确信你知道 look for 和find 两者之间地区分；“ 两者之间的 ” 只能用 between 来表示；24. There _ a football match on TV this evening. 名师归纳总结 A. will ha

18、ve B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have 第 5 页,共 11 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载【解析】答案：B；该题考查的是动词 have 和句型 there be 的区分；A, C, D 都是句型 there be 和动词 have 的混合,都是错误的；只有 B 一个选项正确；25. A talk on science _ in our school next Monday. A. will give B. will be given C. has given D. has

19、 been given 【解析】答案：B；该题考查的是动词时态和语态；时间状语是 next Monday,所以动词应用一般将来时,因此应排除 选项 B 正确；C 和 D；而主语是动作的承担者,所以应用被动语态；只有26. Since China has been a member of WTO, English is _ useful than before. A. more B. most C. much D. very 【解析】答案： A；该题考查的是形容词的比较级；在句末有than before 字样,说明要用形容词的比较级,而useful 的比较级是more useful, 所以应选

20、more；27. It _ Yang Liwei about 21 hours _ the earth 14 times in his spaceship. A. spent, circling B. took, travelling 本句子的结构是It took sb. some time to do C. spent, to travel D. took, to circle 【解析】 答案： D；该题考查的是动词的用法；sth. 只有 D 能用在这一结构中；28. The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer _ for ha

21、lf an hour. A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. has gone away 【解析】答案： C；该题考查的是连续性动词和非连续性动词的用法；由于本句中的时间 状语是 for half an hour ,表示的是一段时间,所以应和连续性动词连用；四个选项中只有has been away能表示连续性的动作；29. I am waiting for my friend. _, I will go swimming alone. A. If he doesnt come B. If he wont comeC. If he will co

22、me D. If he is coming 【解析】答案： A；该题考查的是在时间状语从句里的时态；在时间状语从句里,通常用一般现在是代替一般将来时；30. -Could you tell me _. -Sorry, I dont know. I was not at the meeting.A. what does he say at the meeting C. what he says at the meeting B. what did he say at the meeting D. what he said at the meeting 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第

23、6 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载【解析】答案： D；该题考查的是宾语从语的语序和时态；第一,宾语从句应用陈述句的语序；其次,表示“在会上所说的话” 应用一般过去时；【满分演练】单项天空1. Ann is so careful that she always goes over her exercises to _there are no mistakes. A. look for B. make sure C. find out D. think about 2. - Which of the two English dictionari

24、es will you buy. - Ill buy _ of them, so I can give one to my friend, Hellen. A. either B. neither C. all D. both 3. He _ two thousand trees since 1985. A. plants B. planted C. will plant D. has planted 4. _ you free last night. A. Were B. Was C. Are D. Do 5. - Dad, when will you be free. You agreed

25、 to go to the seaside with me four days ago. - I am sorry, Jean. But I think I will have a _holiday soon. A. four-days B. four-day C. four days D. four day 6. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper _Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. A. that B. how C. what D. if 7. _comes from cows

26、. A. Wool B. Chicken C. Pork D. Milk 8. Which of the following does paper burn in. A. CO 2B. N 2C. O2D. He 9. Today, the forests have almost gone. People must _down too many trees. A. stop to cut B. stop from cutting C. be stopped to cut D. be stopped from cutting 10. - You must come back every mont

27、h. - Yes, I _. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. will B. must C. should 学习必备欢迎下载D. can 11. The doctor did what he could _that child. A. save B. to save C. saved D. saving 12. - Can you guess if they _to play basketball with us. - I think theyll come if they _tree. A. come;

28、are B. will come; will be C. will come; are D. come; will be 13. I will tell you how to get to the place; youd better _it _. A. try; on B. get; off C. take; down D. pick; up 14. - Ann has gone to Shanghai. - So _her parents. A. do B. had C. did D. have 15. - How long can I _these books. -Two weeks.

29、A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. buy 16. It takes us _hour or more to go to my hometown by _train. A. an; a B. a; an C. an; 不填D. a; 不填17. Lucy tried her best to find a good job in the city, but she had no _. A. trouble B. idea C. luck D. time 18. There are three _students in the school. A. thousands B.

30、thousands of C. thousand of D. thousand 19. I have to speak to my grandpa loudly because theres _with his ears. A. wrong something B. something wrong C. anything wrong D. nothing wrong 20.- Ive had enough bread. Would you like_. - No thanks. A. a few more B. one more C. another more D. some more 21.

31、 Im old enough to wash _clothes by myself. You can just wash _. A. my, your B. mine, yours C. my, yours D. your, my 22. The father wished the twins to be doctors, but _of them liked to study medicine. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. both B. neither C. either 学习必备欢迎下载D. no

32、ne 23. Now Helen works _than before. A. more carefully B. more careful C. much careful D. much carefully 24. We are doing much better _English _our teachers help. A. in, at B. at, in C. in, with D. with, with 25. If you like the chicken, you may have as_as you can. A. much B. many C. more D. little

33、26. - Mum, Bill is coming to dinner this evening. - OK. Lets give him _to eat. A. something different B. different anything C. anything different D. different something 27. The letter is _in French. I cannot read it. A. writing B. written C. wrote D. writes 28. - Your spoken English is much better.

34、- Thank you. My teacher often asks us _English as _as possible. A. to speak, many B. not to speak, much C. to speak, much D. not to speak, more 29. Its getting dark. Please _the light. A. turn off B. turn on C. turn down D. turn up 30. Martin is good at fishing, _. A. is he B. does he C. isnt he D.

35、doesnt he 31. - Do you know him well. - Sure. We _friends since ten years ago. A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made 32. Cars and buses _stop when the traffic lights turn red. A. can B. need C. may D. must 33. John fell asleep _he was listening to the music. A. after B. before C. while D.

36、 as soon as 34. - May I speak to John. - Sorry, he _Japan. But he _in two days. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载A. has been to, will come back C. has been in, would come back B. has gone to, will be back D. has gone to, wont cone back 35. - Do you know _. - They mov

37、ed here soon after their son was born. A. when would the Greens move here C. the Greens would move here B. when the Greens moved here D. when the Greens would move here 36. Your bedroom is very big, but _is rather small. A. she B. Jane C. her D. hers 37. _book on the desk is_ useful one. A The; an B

38、A; a CThe; a DThe; / 38. - When was our Party founded. - It was founded _. A on October 1,1949 Bin May, 1922 Con July 1,1921 Din August, 1927 39. This maths problem is_ and I can do it_ . A easy; easily Beasily; easily Ceasy; easy Deasily; easy 40. - They are thirsty. Will you please give them_ . -

39、Certainly. A some bottles of waters Bsome bottles of water Csome bottle of water Dsome bottle of waters 41. There is still a little orange here, but_ people want to drink it. A little Ba little Cfew Da few 42. Mr. Yu gave some new words to Lucy and asked her to_ on the blackboard. A write it down B

40、write them down Cwrite down it D write down them 43. - Must I finish my homework now. - No, you_ .You may have a rest first. A mustnt Bcant Cmay not Dneednt 44. - When did you go to bed last night. 名师归纳总结 - I didnt go bed _my father got home. 第 10 页,共 11 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A unti

41、l Bwhile C after 学习必备欢迎下载Dwhen 45. - Does you sister remember to return the library book today. - Oh, yes. Thank you. Shes_ it for two weeks. A kept Bhad C borrowed Dkeeping 46. The teacher told Xiao Ming_ late for school again. A not to be Bnot be Cdont be Dnot to 47. Could you tell me_ . A where does Li Lei work Bwhere did Li Lei work Cwhere Li Lei works Dwhere Li Lei worked 48. - Jon