出血性疾病精选PPT.ppt
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1、关于出血性疾病第1页,讲稿共40张,创作于星期一 1、掌握出血性疾病诊断方法,实验室筛选试验 2、熟悉正常止血机制、凝血过程,主要抗凝因子,纤维蛋白溶解过程 3、熟悉出血性疾病的分类和治疗原则讲授目的和要求第2页,讲稿共40张,创作于星期一讲授主要内容概述病因和发病机制临床表现实验室检查诊断标准治疗第3页,讲稿共40张,创作于星期一概 述 因止血功能缺陷而引起的以自发性出血或血管损伤后出血不止为特征的疾病图示 皮肤、粘膜出血第4页,讲稿共40张,创作于星期一正常止血、凝血、抗凝血及纤溶机制n正常止血机制n正常凝血机制n抗凝血及纤维蛋白溶解机制第5页,讲稿共40张,创作于星期一n血管因素:血管内
2、皮释放vWF。n血小板因素 血小板的粘附:血小板粘附于血管破损处 vW因子(von willebrand factor,vWF)的作用 正常止血机制第6页,讲稿共40张,创作于星期一Vessel wallnThe normal endothelial cell lining of the vessel wall plays an essential role in preventing thrombus formation.First and foremost,it provides a physical barrier between circulation platelets and hi
3、ghly thrombogenic subendothelial connective tissue.第7页,讲稿共40张,创作于星期一Endothelial cellnThe endothelial cell monolayer has following functions:(1)vessel contration (2)permeability of vessel wall 血管壁通透性血管壁通透性 (3)prothrombotic function of endothelium during hemostatic process血管内膜的促血栓形成血管内膜的促血栓形成 (4)proco
4、agulant characteristic of endothelium血管内膜促凝血管内膜促凝 (5)antifibrinolytic activation抗纤溶活性抗纤溶活性第8页,讲稿共40张,创作于星期一nOn the other hand,nitrix oxide and PGI2 can inhibit platelet aggregation and promote vascular dilatation.第9页,讲稿共40张,创作于星期一Platelet functionnWhen stimulated by contact with subendothelial tissu
5、e,platelets adhere to the exposed collagen and undergo an immediate shape change with extension of pseudopodsHyalomere and granulomereHyalomere and granulomere第10页,讲稿共40张,创作于星期一Platelet functionnGPIb/IX-V and GPIIb/IIIa are the most important platelet adhesion factor.vWF is an essential cofactor for
6、 adhesion,binding connective tissue elements to the platelet via the platelet surface receptor GPIb/IX-V.n Fibrinogen plays a key role in aggregation by its binding to GPIIb/IIIa receptors on adjacent platelets.第11页,讲稿共40张,创作于星期一 血小板的聚集与释放 第12页,讲稿共40张,创作于星期一Platelet Activation Pathways(1)Adhesion Gp
7、IIb/IIIaGpIIb/IIIaGpIIb/IIIaAggregationADPAdrenalinePlateletGpIbExposed CollagenEndotheliumvWFCOLLAGENGpIIb/IIIaGpIIb/IIIaAggregationGpIIb/IIIaGpIIb/IIIaAggregationAdhesionAdhesionADPAdrenalineTHROMBIN第13页,讲稿共40张,创作于星期一Platelet Activation Pathways(2)Platelet AggregationFibrinogenTxA2Fibrinogen Bindi
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