(1.9.2)--The-Sustainable-Development-Goal.pdf

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1、The Sustainable Development Goals Report2021ContentsForeword .2View from the pandemic .3Investing in data.4Overview .8Goal 1 No poverty.26Goal 2 Zero hunger.28Goal 3 Good health and well-being.30Goal 4 Quality education.34Goal 5 Gender equality .36Goal 6 Clean water and sanitation .38Goal 7 Affordab

2、le and clean energy.40Goal 8 Decent work and economic growth.42Goal 9 Industry,innovation and infrastructure.44Goal 10 Reduced inequalities.46Goal 11 Sustainable cities and communities .48Goal 12 Responsible consumption and production .50Goal 13 Climate action.52Goal 14 Life below water.54Goal 15 Li

3、fe on land.56Goal 16 Peace,justice and strong institutions.58Goal 17 Partnership for the Goals.60Note to the reader .62Regional groupings .63The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2021The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2021 2ForewordThe global community is at a critical moment in its pursuit

4、 of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).More than a year into the global pandemic,millions of lives have been lost,the human and economic toll has been unprecedented,and recovery efforts so far have been uneven,inequitable and insufficiently geared towards achieving sustainable development.The c

5、urrent crisis is threatening decades of development gains,further delaying the urgent transition to greener,more inclusive economies,and throwing progress on the SDGs even further off track.Had the paradigm shift envisioned by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development been fully embraced over the

6、past six years,the world would have been better prepared to face this crisis with stronger health systems,expanded social protection coverage,the resilience that comes from more equal societies,and a healthier natural environment.Regrettably,the SDGs were already off track even before COVID-19 emerg

7、ed.Progress had been made in poverty reduction,maternal and child health,access to electricity,and gender equality,but not enough to achieve the Goals by 2030.In other vital areas,including reducing inequality,lowering carbon emissions and tackling hunger,progress had either stalled or reversed.As t

8、he pandemic continues to unfold,The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2021 outlines some significant impacts in many areas that are already apparent.The global extreme poverty rate rose for the first time in over 20 years,and 119 to 124 million people were pushed back into extreme poverty in 2020

9、.There is a risk of a generational catastrophe regarding schooling,where an additional 101 million children have fallen below the minimum reading proficiency level,potentially wiping out two decades of education gains.Women have faced increased domestic violence,child marriage is projected to rise a

10、fter a decline in recent years,and unpaid and underpaid care work is increasingly and disproportionately falling on the shoulders of women and girls,impacting educational and income opportunities and health.Notwithstanding the global economic slowdown,concentrations of major greenhouse gases continu

11、e to increase.With the global average temperature reaching about 1.2C above pre-industrial levels,the climate crisis has well and truly arrived,and its impacts are being felt across the world.The pandemic has also brought immense financial challenges,especially for developing countries with a signif

12、icant rise in debt distress and dramatic decreases in foreign direct investment and trade.Yet,with a surge in global solidarity and leadership from the highest political level,countries can still deliver on the 2030 Agenda and the 2015 Paris Agreement on Climate Change.A global vaccination plan,desi

13、gned and implemented by the countries that can produce vaccines today or will be able to do so if properly supported,is an urgent first step in that direction.A recommitment by Governments,cities,businesses,and industries to ensure that the recovery reduces carbon emissions,conserves natural resourc

14、es,creates better jobs,advances gender equality and tackles growing poverty and inequalities is a further imperative.As this report shows,the availability of high-quality data is also critical,helping decision makers to understand where investments can have the greatest impact;but improved data coll

15、ection will not happen without increased data financing,from both international and domestic resources.The challenges are immense,but there are also reasons for hope.The COVID-19 crisis demonstrated inspiring community resilience,highlighted the Herculean work by essential workers in myriad fields a

16、nd facilitated the rapid expansion of social protection,the acceleration of digital transformation and unprecedented worldwide collaboration on the development of vaccines.A brighter future is possible.We must use the crisis to transform our world,deliver on the 2030 Agenda and keep our promise to c

17、urrent and future generations.Antnio Guterres Antnio GuterresSecretary-General of the United Nations View from the pandemic3View from the pandemic:stark realities,critical choices As we enter the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic,it is abundantly clear that this is a crisis of monumental proporti

18、ons,with catastrophic effects on peoples lives and livelihoods and on efforts to realize the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.Historically,pandemics have served as catalysts for political,economic and social change,and that still holds true today.The year 2021 will be decisive as to whether o

19、r not the world can make the transformations needed to deliver on the promise to achieve the SDGs by 2030 with implications for us all.The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2021 uses the latest available data and estimates to reveal the devastating impacts of the crisis on the SDGs and point out

20、areas that require urgent and coordinated action.The report was prepared by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs in collaboration with more than 50 international agencies.Years,or even decades,of progress have been halted or reversed.In 2020,the global extreme poverty rate ro

21、se for the first time in over 20 years.Hundreds of millions of people were pushed back into extreme poverty and chronic hunger.The COVID-19 pandemic has interrupted one or more essential health services and poses major health threats beyond the disease itself.It has wreaked havoc worldwide on childr

22、ens learning and well-being,and women have suffered a disproportionate share of job losses and increased care work at home.The pandemic has exposed and intensified inequalities within and among countries.The poorest and most vulnerable people have a greater risk of becoming infected by the virus,and

23、 bear the brunt of the economic fallout.The crisis has threatened the livelihoods of 1.6 billion workers in the informal economy.The collapse of international tourism disproportionally affects small island developing States.And vast inequities exist in vaccine distribution:as of 17 June 2021,around

24、68 vaccines were administered for every 100 people in Europe and Northern America compared with fewer than 2 in sub-Saharan Africa.The climate crisis,the biodiversity crisis and the pollution crisis persist,despite the pandemic.Concentrations of major greenhouse gases continue to increase despite th

25、e temporary reduction in emissions in 2020 related to lockdowns and other COVID-19 response measures.The world remains woefully off track in meeting the Paris Agreement.Biodiversity is declining,and terrestrial ecosystems are being degraded at alarming rates.Around the world,1 million plastic drinki

26、ng bottles are purchased every minute,and 5 trillion single-use plastic bags are thrown away each year.The COVID-19 pandemic serves as a mirror for the world.It reflects deeply rooted problems in our societies:insufficient social protection,weak public health systems and inadequate health coverage,s

27、tructural inequalities,environmental degradation and climate change.Resilience,adaptability and innovation bring us optimism.In the face of tremendous challenges,many Governments,the private sector,academia and communities have demonstrated quick responses,remarkable creativity and new forms of coll

28、aboration.Between 1 February and 31 December 2020,Governments around the world announced more than 1,600 new social protection measures in response to the crisis.Scientist across the globe have been working together to develop life-saving vaccines and treatments in record time.The pandemic has sped

29、up the digital transformation of Governments and businesses,profoundly changing the ways in which we interact,learn and work.Transformational changes are needed,and the SDGs provide the road map.The crisis demonstrates the interdependency and interlinkages among the various dimensions of sustainabil

30、ity from health,well-being,and social and economic prosperity to climate and ecosystems.To address the vulnerabilities exposed by the pandemic,Governments and the international community should make structural transformations and develop common solutions guided by the SDGs.These include significantl

31、y strengthening social protection systems and public services(including health systems,education,water,sanitation and other basic services);increasing investments in science,technology and innovation;creating fiscal space in developing countries;taking a green-economy approach and investing in clean

32、 energy and industry;and transitioning to sustainable food systems.Investing in data and information infrastructure is critical.The pandemic has taught us that weaknesses in data and information systems present an added and enormous challenge to decision makers.A year into the pandemic,only about 60

33、 countries had data on COVID-19 infection and death rates that could be disaggregated by age and sex and that were publicly accessible.These data deficiencies have serious consequences for peoples lives.Policies,programmes and resources aimed at protecting people during this challenging time will in

34、evitably fall short without the evidence to focus and hone interventions.Investing in data and information systems is not money wasted.Statistical offices around the world have embraced innovative approaches and forged partnerships,improving the availability of data for evidence-based decisions.Incr

35、eased investments in national data and statistical systems and the mobilization of additional international and domestic resources will be imperative if we are to build back better from the crisis and accelerate implementation of the SDGs.Building back better requires effective multilateralism and t

36、he full participation of all societies.This global crisis demands a shared global response.In the face of the many challenges we face,a unified vision of coherent,coordinated and comprehensive responses from the multilateral system is more important than ever.Since the pandemic affects everyone,ever

37、ywhere,the implementation of solutions requires action and participation from all sectors of society,including Governments at all levels,the private sector,academia,civil society and individuals youth and women,in particular.We are at a critical juncture in human history.The decisions we make and ac

38、tions we take today will have momentous consequences for future generations.Lessons learned from the pandemic will help us rise to current and future challenges.Let us seize the moment to make this a decade of action,transformation and restoration to achieve the SDGs and make good on the Paris Clima

39、te Agreement.Liu Zhenmin Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2021 4Investing in data to save lives and build back betterSince the start of the COVID-19 pandemic,policymakers and business leaders have routinely had to make time-sensitive de

40、cisions,many of which have life-or-death consequences.Yet even basic data to guide decision-making on health,the society and the economy are often lacking.The pandemic has brought to the forefront the critical importance of such data.It has also accelerated the transformation of data and statistical

41、 systems and how the public perceives and uses that information.As policy-and decision makers were pressuring data providers for more up-to-date and accurate information,national statistical offices(NSOs)and their partners stepped up to the challenge.They forged new collaborations and leveraged alte

42、rnative data solutions while increasing efforts to protect data privacy and confidentiality.As the pandemic continues to unfold,and the world moves further off track in meeting the 2030 SDG deadline,timely and high-quality data are more essential than ever.Indeed,data are being widely recognized as

43、strategic assets in building back better and accelerating the implementation of the SDGs.What is needed now are new investments in data and information infrastructure,as well as human capacity to get ahead of the crisis and trigger earlier responses,anticipate future needs and design the urgent acti

44、ons needed to realize the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.Responding to an unprecedented demand for dataDespite major disruptions to statistical operations,many NSOs have adapted quickly.They have adopted new methods and tools to come up with data and have played a central role in Government

45、s COVID-19 responses.As of September 2020,82 per cent of NSOs were involved in data collection on COVID-19 and its impacts,some through innovative methods such as online and telephone-based surveys,as well as the use of administrative,credit card and scanner data.In the United Kingdom of Great Brita

46、in and Northern Ireland,the Office for National Statistics has responded to an urgent need for information on how COVID-19 is affecting the population through methods such as web-scraping Google mobility data and the introduction of new surveys.Together with partners,the office set up a COVID-19 Inf

47、ections Survey in a matter of days,which has since become an indispensable source of data on the pandemic.As of June 2021,interviewers had covered 2.4 million households and performed 4.6 million swab tests.The survey detected an uptick of new infections and the prevalence of the so-called Delta var

48、iant.In mid-June,British Prime Minister Boris Johnson delayed by a month his plans to lift the last COVID-19 restrictions.The delay in reopening was intended to buy additional time for the health department to intensify its vaccination programme,which was also informed by data showing that new infec

49、tions were largely driven by those who were not fully vaccinated.In Ghana,the Statistical Service responded successfully to the sudden increase in data demand.When COVID-19 hit,“suddenly,the appetite for numbers grew,”says Omar Seidu,the head of demographic statistics and SDG coordinator at the Ghan

50、a Statistical Service.In addition to the number of new COVID-19 cases,other important questions were raised,such as which regions were densely populated,how many people lived in crowded situations,and which parts of the country had no water for handwashing.The Ghana Statistical Service was able to g