高考英语一轮复习主谓一致专题讲解讲义.docx

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1、主谓一致1. 意义一致意义一致：即谓语动词用单数还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。（1）the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。e.g. The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad.The beautiful lives forever.（2）表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式；另外，加减乘除也常当作整体对待，谓语动词用单数形式。e.g. Three months is a long holiday.Thirty pounds isn't

2、 so heavy.Five minus two is three.（3） 带有量词的主语与谓语的一致 kind / type of+名词, 结构后的谓语单复数形式由 kind, type单复数决定谓语动词的形式。e.g. Some new types of buses are now on show.There are three kinds of computers. Half/ the rest of+名词，谓语动词的数视名词而定。e.g. Half of this building is to be completed by autumn.Half of the buildings i

3、n our school are of red-brick construction. a number of+复数名词，表示“大量的”，谓语用复数；the number of+复数名词，表示“的数量”，谓语用单数。e.g. There are a number of students in the classroom and the number of them is more than 80.2. 语法一致语法一致：指谓语动词和主语单、复数形式上保持一致。（1）主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时谓语动词用单数主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。e.g. A long stream runs b

4、etween the two hills.（2）当and连接两个词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。注意： 若and所连接的两个词指的是同一个人或物（成套的物），或同一个概念时，它后面的谓语动词应用单数形式。e.g. A knife and fork is on the table. 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,every或more than a(an)/one,many a(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。e.g. Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. （3）主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有：with, t

5、ogether with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, besides, along with, including, in addition to等短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。即“就远原则”。e.g. Your father as well as you is very kind to me.（4）“either, neither, each, every或no+单数名词”和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语用单数；e.g. Som

6、ething is wrong with your bike.（5） 如果集合名词指的是整个集体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果它指的是集体的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。people, police, cattle,militia, poultry等名词多用作复数;e.g.The police are searching for the lost child.My family isn't large.My family are all interested in collecting stamps.（6）由 “a lot of/lots of/plenty of/the rest of等+名

7、词” 构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面的名词数而定。e.g. Three quarters of the surface of the earth is water.(7) 以s结尾，但表示单数概念的名词：一些表示学科名称的名词，如：news, mathematics, politics, physics.其他名词，如：means（手段、方式）注意：means可以表示复数概念，主要取决于各句子的意思e.g. Every means has been tried.All possible means have been tried.(8) 只

8、有复数形式的名词：clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses, scissors, goods此类只有复数形式的名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，但用a pair of, a type of, a kind of等短语修饰trousers, shoes, glasses, cars等词时, 用单数形式。e.g. Your glasses are on your nose.My pair of blue trousers is too short.3. 就近一致原则（1）由连词or, either.or, neither.nor, not only.bu(also), no

9、r等连接的两个名词或代词，其谓语应与邻近的名词或代词在数上一致，即“就近原则”。e.g. Either you or he is going to post the letter.Not only you but (also) she has seen the film. （2） 在there be结构中，谓语动词一般应与在人称和数方面保持一致。e.g. There is a nurse and two patients in the clinic. There are two patients and a nurse in the clinic.4. 定语从句主谓一致（1）关系代词who,t

10、hat,which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词应与主句中先行词的人称和数保持一致。e.g. Those who want to go please sign their names here.Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out. （2）当定语从句中的先行词是“one of+复数名词”时，谓语动词通常用复数。当定语从句中的先行词是“the only one of+复数名词”时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 e.g He was the only one of the boys who was late for class.He

11、 was one of the students who were late for school. 5. 倒装句主谓一致谓语动词的人称及数的变化取决于它后面的主语。（1）在以here, there, now, then或表示地点的介词短语开头的倒装句（2）在"表方位移动的副词up, down, in, out, away等+谓语动词+主语”的倒装结构中 e.g. Here comes the bus. In comes Miss White.（3） 在“作表语的分词短语/代词/介词短语+系动词+主语”的倒装结构 e.g. Sitting on the grass are the girls.6. 强调句主谓一致（1）不管被强调部分是单数还是复数，是时间、地点还是原因，强调句型中的be动词一律采用单数形式。e.g. It's Mary and James that are standing behind the counter.（2）当被强调部分是句子的主语时，从句谓语的人称和数常与被强调部分保持一致。e.g. It's I who am to be punished for doing that.It is the Communist Party that has made China what she is today.