2022年Unit人教版八年级英语下册语法与知识点.docx

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1、名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Unit 1 第一部分： Grammar 一、情态动词（Modal Verbs ）情态动词 should 意为“ 应当,应当”,必需和后面的动词原形一起构成谓语,没有人称和数的变化；用以表达职责和义务、提出劝说,而且表述的是自己的主观看法；1.should 的句式结构句式结构例句确定句主语 +should+do They should eat a balaced diet. 他们应当平稳饮食；否定句主语 +should not +do They shouldn t eat too much. 他们不该吃得太多

2、；一般疑问句-Should + 主语 +do+. -It s too cold. Should I close -yes, 主语 +should. the window. -No, 主语 +shouldnt. 太冷了,我该关上窗户吗？-Yes, you _./No, you _. 是的,你应当；/ 不,你不应当；2.should 的用法 用法 例句表示劝说、建议 You _ answer the question in English. 你应当用英语回答这个问题；表示估计 They _ be at home now, I think. 我认为,他们现在应当在家；表示惊奇、称赞、不满等How _

3、 I know it. 我怎么知道这间事情 呢？留意： should 在以 why,who,how 等疑问词开头的问句中,意为“ 竟然,竟然,怎么会”,表示意外、惊喜或在说话人看来是不行思议的；二、其他表示建议的句型 用法 例句Shall we/I + do+ . Shall we _ for a walk. 咱们去漫步好 吗？What/How about+doing/sth. What about _ swimming. 去游泳怎么样？Lets + do. Lets _ and _ them. 咱们去看 看他们吧；Youd/We d better not + do . Why don t y

4、ou + do . We _ _ wait a little longer. 我们最好再稍等一会儿；Why don t you _ a walk outside. 为什么不出去漫步呢？Why not + do . Why _ _ a walk outside. 为什么不出去漫步呢？三、反身代词表示反射或强调的代词叫做反身代词；反身代词是由第一人称、其次人称形容词性物主代词 第 1 页,共 6 页 或第三人称代词的宾格形式,词尾加self 或 selves 组成；反身代词可译“ 本人”、“ 本身” ,细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

5、- - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -为加强语气,也常翻译为“ 亲自”、“ 自己” ；不定人称代词one-oneself. 1、反身代词的分类数、人称第一人称其次人称第三人称单数myself yourself Himself,herself,itself 复数ourselves yourselves themselves 2、反身代词的用法用法说明例句作动词的宾语常用于 enjoy,teach,hurt,buy, He is teaching _ introduce,dress,help, English. look

6、after, get dressed 作宾语他在自学英语；We enjoyed _ last night. 昨天晚上我们玩得很高兴；做介词的宾语常 用 于 in,on,with,of,after,byShe lives by _ in 作宾语the countryside. 她一个人生活在乡下；做同位语强调作用、加强语气Did you make the cake _. 这蛋糕是你亲自做的嘛？Mr. Black _ is a lawyer. 布莱克先生本人就是一名律师；做表语强调“ 自己”Just be _.做你自己就好了；Mary hasn t quite been _ recently. 玛

7、丽最近 有些不对劲；其次部分：单词用法Section A 1. What s the matter. 怎么了？该句常用询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了什么麻烦,其后用 with 引出对象；1. What s the matter with sb. =what s wrong with sb. =what s the trouble/problem with sb. =what s ones trouble/problem. e.g. What s the matter with Tom.=what s _ with Tom. =Whats the _ with Tom.=What s Toms _

8、. 2. matter, 名词,“ 问题,事情”e.g. We have important _matter to discuss. 我们有些重要的问题要争论；3. 动词,“ 要紧,关系重大”e.g. It dosent _ that you came late. 第 2 页,共 6 页 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2. I have a cold.我感冒了；1.have/get/catch a cold “感冒,

9、着凉 ”The old man _ a cold yesterday.那位老人昨天感冒了；2. “have +a/an +疾病名称 ”意为“ 得了 .病”have a fever, have a cough,have a headache3.I have a sore back.我背痛；痛”“ I have a sore + 身体部位” 意为“辨析 sore 和 ache 4.sore 形容词,意为“ 疼痛的；酸sore feet ache 痛的”用于身体部位名词前sore leg sore throat 名词,构成复合词headache; stomachache lie down and a

10、nd rest. 1.lie 的不同含义及词性变化单词词性词义现在分词过去式过去分词lie 动词躺；平躺lying lay Lain lie 动词说谎lying lied Lied lie 名词谎言无无无Katy _ lie on the bed and read the letter last night.凯蒂昨晚躺在床上看书；He _lie to me about the result. 对于结果他对我说了谎；2. rest 动词,“ 休息,放松”May him rest in peace. have/take a rest 休息,放松 =rest 5. You need to take

11、breaks away from the computer. take breaks = take/have a break 休息 We are _ a break under the tree. 我们正在树下休息；6.Yeah,I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.是的,我想我以同样的姿态一动不动地坐太久了；1. In the same way: 以同样的方式,以相同的方式 She worked out the math problem in the same way. 2.without 为介词,意为“ 无,没有

12、,不”You cant buy things _ money. 你没有钱就买不了东西；He left without _ anything. 他什么都没有说就离开了；7.When the driver saw an old man lying on the side og the road.这时,司机看到路边躺着一位老人；see/watch/notice/hear sb.doing sth. see/watch/notice/hear sb.do sth. 强调看到 / 听到的动作的正在进行 强调看到 / 听到的动作的完整性e.g. I often _ him _ in the garden

13、last month. 上个月,我总是看到他在花园里干活；强调全过程 I _ him _ in the garden when I passed by yersterday. 昨天我观察他正在花园里干活；强调动作正在进行 8. He expected most or all the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus. 1.expect +名词 /代词 “ 期望；预料”细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学

14、习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -I am _ a phone call from her. 我正在等她的电话；2.expect to do sth. She expects to go there next week. 她期望下周去那里；3.expect sb. to do sth. 4.expect +that 从句He expected her to go with him. I expect that he ll come back tomorrow. 9. But to my surprise, they all agreed to go with h

15、im. 1. to ones surprise “使 惊奇的是,出乎意料 ”_ my _surprise, he refused to cooperate with us. 让我惊奇的是,他拒绝与我们合作；2. agree “ 同意”a. agree to do sth. “ 同意做某事 ”b. agree with sb. c. agree on sth. “就某事达成一样”e.g. My mother agreed _buy me a new pen. I entirely agree _ you. We agree _ the question. 10. 辨析 thanks to /th

16、anks for thanks to “多亏,由于 ”, to 是介词,其后接名词、代词或 doing thanks for “因而感谢 ”,for 后接感谢的缘由,常为 名词或 doing 形式,Thanks _ you, I am not lost. 幸亏你我才没有迷路；Thanks _ sending me such a nice gift. 感谢你寄给我这么好的一个礼物；11. get into trouble 造成麻烦（或苦恼）;陷入困境 ” trouble 是不行数名词；be in trouble 再麻烦和困境中”e.g. Lisa _ _ trouble when she cli

17、med the mountain. Let us help the people who are _ _. 12. Did you fall down. fall-fell-fallen fall down 意为“ 倒下”,强调的是“ 滑倒,倒下”,不能直接跟宾语,加 from 连接宾语, fall down from ,表示“ 从 摔下”fall off “跌落 ”,强调的是“ 从某处跌落,摔下来”=fall down from e.g. The dog _ down dead. 那条狗倒下去死了；The boy _ _ _ the tree and broke his legs. The

18、girl _ _ the bike. Section B 1. Someone felt sick. Sick;生病的,恶心的；ill 也是生病的,也可表示品质恶劣的 辨析 sick 和 ill sick 既可以作定语,也可以用作表语；表语时“ 恶心的”ill 既可以作定语,也可以用作表语；作定语时：表示“ 品质恶劣的”e.g. Everytime I get on a boat, I feel _. 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - -

19、 - - - - - - - - - -He is an _ student, because he smokes and drinks. I have to look after my _ sister home at home today. 2. Someone got hit on the head. 有人头部受到了撞击；1.get hit 为系表结构： get hit +on/in +the+ 身体部位的名词, 表示 “某身体部位受到了撞 击”e.g. The police officer _ _on the shoulder. 这位警官的肩膀受到了撞击；位”2. hit, “打击,击

20、中 ” 假如强调“ 集中某人的部位” 可以用“ hit sb. on/in the + 身体部e.g. The bullet hit him on the back. 子弹击中了他的后背；3.hit 可以做名词,“ 轰动一时的胜利的人或事；风靡一时的作品”e.g. The song was a hit at once. 3. have problems breathing 1. breathe, a. 动词“ 呼吸”e.g. He was breathing hard when he finished the race. b. 名词, breath ,没有“e”take a deep brea

21、th 深呼吸； hold one s breath 屏住呼吸2. have problems in doing sth. “做某事有困难或麻烦”e.g. I have _ _ English. 我学习英语有困难；4. 辨析 be used to doing/ be used to do /used to do be used to doing 意为“ 习惯于”,to 是介词 +名词 /doing be used to do 意为“ 被用来做” to 为不定式符号 +do 原形used to do 意为“ 过去经常”,to 为不定式符号 +do 原形e.g. I am _ to _ up ear

22、ly. 我习惯早起；A pen is _ to _. 钢笔是用来写字的；He _ to _ books for an hour every day. 他过去经常每天读一个小时的书；5. find + 宾语 + 宾补1. find 宾语 adj. We found him dishonest. 我们发觉他不诚恳；2.find 宾语 doing We found him _others homework. 我们发觉他在抄别人作业；3.find 宾语 副词和介词短语I am so glad to find you _. 我很兴奋发觉你在家；I found the clothes _ _ style.

23、 我发觉这些衣服过时了；6. 辨析 run out/run out of 用完,耗尽run out “ 动词 +副词 ”结构； 相当于不及物动词,后面不接宾语, 主语通常是“ 事物” 时间,金钱等run out of “ 动词 +副词 +介词” 结构；相当于及物动词,后面可以接宾语,主语通常是“ 人”Our money is _ out. 我们的钱快用光了；We are running out _ money. 我们的钱快用光了；7. 辨析 so that /so that so that “ 以 便 , 为 了 ”=in order that, 引 导 目 的 状 语 从 句 , 常 与ca

24、n,could,may,might,will,would,should等情态动词或助动词；so.that “ 如此 以至于”,引导结果状语从句,so 为副词, +adj/adv;that 后跟从句；可以与 enough to do 和 tooto do进行同义句转换；e.g. They got up early _ _ they could catch the early bus. Say slowy _ _ I can follow you. 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 名

25、师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Tom ran _ fast _ I couldnt catch up with him. =Tom ran _ fast _ catch up with. 8. so that 用法；1. so + adj./adv. +that 2.so + adj. +a/an+n.+that 3. so + many/much/few/little +n.that e.g. The ceiling is so high that we couldn t reach. 天花板如此高,我们够不着；了；His son is

26、so tall a man that he almost reaches the ceiling. 他儿子那么高,几乎够到天花板Kate had so many falls that she was black and blue all over. 凯特跌倒了好多次,摔得身体青一款紫一块；9. give up 舍弃1. “ 动词 +副词” 代词做宾语,代词放中间；give it/them/him/herup 2. give up doing it s good for you to give up _. 戒烟对你有好处；10. I hurt myself playing soccer. playing soccer 现在分词做相伴状语；表示动作同时发生；其规律主语为句子的主语；e.g. I stayed up late yesterday, _ for a test. 昨天我为测验熬夜学习到很晚；细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 页,共 6 页 - - - - - - - - -