Unit1练习答案及重点单词新世纪大学英语综合教程4(第二版)试用版.docx

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1、Example SentencesPassageAcompel vt.make(a person or thing)do sth.by force,moral persuasion,or orders that must be obeyed 强迫；强求；强使You can compel others to obey,but not to love.人可能因逼迫而服从，却不可能因逼迫而生爱。Circumstances compel it to be so.势所必然。transfer vt.(from,to)move from one place,job,position,etc.,to anot

2、her 常与 from 或 to 连用转移；调动Mum,can you transfer some money from your bank account to mine?老妈，从你的账户上给我转些钱吧。This company is transferring from military production to civil production.这家公司正由军用转民用。CF:move,shift,transfer,remove这些动词均可表示“从一处移往另一处”之意。move指从一处到另一处的任何距离的转移。例如：Atraffic warden asked him to move his

3、 car.shift侧重位置与方向的改变。例如：The entire pile shifted and slid,thumping onto the floor.transfer一般表示转送、移交或迁移，尤指交通运输中的换乘或职务的调动等。例如：I was transferred to the book department.remove 作“移动”解时，与 move 可换用，还可指撤职或开除学藉等。例如：As soon as the cake is done,remove it from the oven.The president could only be removed from po

4、wer once free elections were organized.live in fear ofbe always afraid of sth./sb.or that sth.bad will happen 终日为而担心，提心吊胆One in 10 Californians is unemployed and thousands more live in fear of losing their jobs.十分之一的加利福尼亚人没有工作，还有数以千计的人成天提心吊胆地害怕失去工作。那小偷整天提心吊胆，怕被发现。The thief lives in fear of discovery

5、./in fear of being discovered./in fear that he would bediscovered.retreat vi.(from,to)move back or leave a center of fighting or other activity,esp.when forced to doso 常与 from 或 to 连用（尤指被迫地）撤退，退却The cat retreated from the house to the garden when it saw the dog coming.猫看到狗来了,就从屋里溜到花园里去了。Cut off all

6、means of retreat.破釜沉舟He who knows how to fight and how to retreat deserves to be called a brave man.能进能退,方谓好汉。/大丈夫能屈能伸。show signs of/show every sign ofshow that sth.is happening or that sth.is true or exists 显示的征兆After years of decline,agriculture is showing signs of improvement.Horatio and Hamlet s

7、aw the king show every sign of fear and anger.荷瑞修和哈姆雷特看到国王显露出种种害怕、愤怒的迹象。from head to footover the whole length of ones body 从头到脚；全身They are protected from head to foot with face masks,caps and white gowns.Apassing lorry covered us in mud from head to foot.一辆经过的卡车溅了我们一身泥。output n.C;U quantity of good

8、s,etc.produced(by a machine,worker,etc.)（机器、工人等的）产量The car factory hopes to increase its output by 30%next year.In the output of grain,China is second to none.中国粮食的产量排名世界第一。cycle n.a number of related events happening in a regularly repeated order 循环，周而复始There seems to be an endless cycle of violenc

9、e in this troubled part of the world.The figures marked the final low point of the present economic cycle.这些数据显示了目前经济周期的最低点。destruction n.U the act of destroying or state of being destroyed 破坏；毁灭；消灭；灭亡The enemy bombs caused widespread destruction to the city.Gambling was his destruction.赌博毁了他。as yet

10、fml with negatives until now 正式 与否定式连用到目前为止（还没有），至今（仍不）The extract is taken from an as yet unpublished novel.We have not as yet received a response.我们还没收到回复。他 38 岁，至今未婚。He has not as yet married though he is 38 years old.threaten vt.be a danger or threat to;seem likely(to harm,spoil,ruin,etc.)威胁到，危及

11、Our rainforests are being threatened with destruction,and the consequences will be severe.The people fear not death,why threaten them with it?民不畏死,奈何以死惧之。eternal a.lasting forever;without beginning or end 永远的；永恒的The lovers vowed eternal devotion.这对恋人发誓要永远相爱。Honesty and diligence should be your etern

12、al mates.(Benjamin Franklin)诚实与勤勉，应该成为你永久的伙伴。（本杰明富兰克林）Passage Btrack n.also tracks,a line or set of marks left by a person,animal,vehicle,etc.,that has passed before（人、兽等的）足迹，踪迹，痕迹；（车辆的）轨辙I hope you can keep track of your progress.我希望你们能随时知道你的进步。Ayear after graduation we lost track of each other.毕业一

13、年以后我们就失去了联系。我老妈让我把所花的每一分钱都记下来。My mother asked me to keep track of every penny I spent.scrape vt.clean or make(a surface)smooth by pulling or pushing an edge firmly across the unwantedmaterial repeatedly 把刮干净，擦干净Scrape the mud off your shoes!把你鞋子上面的泥蹭掉吧！Have you ever heard the noises of scraping your

14、 fingernails on the blackboard?你听过用手指甲刮黑板发出的刺耳声音吗？The skyscraper is of Western style.这座摩天大楼颇具欧美风范。tip vt.(with)cover the end or point of 常与 with 连用 覆盖的尖端The mountain is tipped with snow all(the)year round.这座山峰终年积雪。The native warriors tipped their spears with poison.土著斗士把毒药涂在长矛尖上.miracle n.an action

15、done by esp.a holy person that is impossible according to the ordinary laws ofnature 奇迹The doctors said that her recovery was a miracle.医生说她的康复是个奇迹.It s a miracle he werent killed in that car crash!他在那次汽车撞车事故中大难不死,真不可思议!pile n.(of)a tidy collection of objects,esp.when made of a number of things of t

16、he same kindplaced on top of each other 常与 of 连用（由同类东西堆成的）堆，叠，摞I have a huge pile of homework to deal with.我有一大堆作业要做。After years of struggle he had finally made a pile of money.他辛苦了多年，最后积蓄了一大笔钱。He made his pile during the property boom.在房地产生意兴隆期间他发了大财.mass a.no comp.of or for a large number,esp.of p

17、eople 无比较级许多（人）的，大量的Mass unemployment may lead to social upheaval.大批失业会导致社会动乱。The savings that mass advertising delivers to consumers are similarly dubious.大宗广告给消费者带来的所谓“节约”其实挺值得怀疑的。spark n.(of)a very small but important bit,esp.of a quality;trace 常与 of 连用（尤指某种品格的）丝毫，略微，一点点He showed not a spark of i

18、nterest in the girl.他对这个女孩一点不感兴趣。Alittle spark of fire can start a prairie fire.星星之火，可以燎原。thereby ad.fml or law by that means;by doing or saying that 正式或法律由此，因而，从而；借以I found a shortcut through the woods,thereby cutting the journey time in half.我在树林中找到一个捷径，从而节省了一半的旅程时间。He knocked over the red wine,th

19、ereby ruining the table cloth.他打翻了红酒瓶子，因此弄脏了桌布。emerge vi.(from)come out or appear from inside or from being hidden 常与 from 连用（从里面或隐藏处）出现，浮现，露出The rabbit will not emerge from its hole while you are there.你在那儿,兔子是不会出洞的。He emerged from poverty.他出身贫贱。Jane seemed to emerge from her reverie.简如梦初醒。trigger

20、vt.start or cause(esp.a number of events,often of an undesirable kind,that happen one after theother)引发，激发（尤指一连串不好的事）Every festival easily triggers a large-scale consumption campaign.每逢节日，就很容易引发一场大规模消费高潮。He has a hair-trigger temper.他的脾气一触即怒。/他是个暴脾气的人。consume vt.fml eat or drink,esp.eagerly or in la

21、rge amounts 正式大吃，大喝Americans consume nearly 50 billion cups of tea annually.美国人每年喝大约喝 500亿杯茶.His temper will consume his health.他的脾气会损害他的健康。sweep sb.uppick sb.up in one quick powerful flowing movement 猛地抱起某人她意识到房子着火了，一把抱起孩子就跑了出去。Realizing that the house was on fire,she swept up the baby and ran out

22、of the house.cope withdeal successfully with a difficult situation 成功地应付，对付No matter how complicated the situation was,he could cope with it successfully.不论情况多么复杂，他都能应付自如。To cope with shifting events by sticking to a fundamental principle or policy.以不变应万变。tough it outinfml get through and defeat a d

23、ifficult situation by having a strong will非正式渡过难关，从困难中硬挺过来；坚持到底Since we have to tough it out,why not take a positive attitude towards our situation?既然我们必须要坚持到底，为何不我们的处境抱有一个积极态度呢？早餐没吃，我得要捱到中午。I do not have breakfast.I have to tough it out till noon.Having no breakfast,I have to tough it out till noon

24、.search outfind out or uncover by searching 找到；找出，查出，搜寻出The lawyer searched out some loopholes in the witnesss statement.律师找出了证人供词中的漏洞。Dogs can always search out a bone which rolls under the sofa.骨头滚到沙发下面，小狗也能搜出来。up toas far as;to and including 直到；至多If the service is good,the tip will be up to HK$10

25、0 in an especially nice restaurant.在一家相当不错的餐厅，如果服务到位，小费最高可达 100港元。Mr Cluley said that keeping anti-virus software up to date would also help to avoid problems.Cluley 说更新杀毒软件也能有效避免问题的发生。nothing short of(used to add force to a statement)nothing less than 不少于的；简直（用于加强语气）Her escape was nothing short of

26、a miracle.她的脱险可说是个奇迹。His conduct was nothing short of madness.他的行为简直是发了狂。thaw out(cause to)become not frozen（使）融解，融化，解冻The iced water pipe has thawed out due to the rising temperature.He began to thaw out because of my promise to help him.由于我答应了要帮助他,他的态度变得友善起来。settle inmove comfortably into or get u

27、sed to a new home,job,etc.迁入新居；习惯于（新的家、工作等）It took me several weeks to settle in my new home.我花了好几周时间才在新家里安顿下来。Imprint your name on the cigarette which is then inhaled into my lung,and finally made itsettle in my heart.把你的名字刻在烟上,吸进肺里,留在我心上.Key to the ExercisesEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in

28、Action Working with Words and Expressions1.In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit.Complete thefollowing sentences with the words given.Change the form where necessary.Answers:1)spark2)compelled3)bare4)scrape5)destruction6)output7)retreat8)tipped9)miracle10)eternal11)p

29、ile12)transfer13)mass14)thereby15)have emerged16)trigger17)threaten18)were consumed19)hollow2.In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit.Complete thesentences with them.Change the form where necessary.Answers:1)show signs of2)cope with3)lives in fear of4)tough it ou

30、t5)cut down6)from head to foot7)searched out8)nothing short of9)As yet10)settle in11)take heart Increasing Your Word Power1.You will read six pairs of words which are similar in meaning but are different in usage.Reflect on the differences in usage between the words in each group and fill in each bl

31、ankwith a proper one.Change the form if necessary.Answers:1)temptation2)attraction3)chance4)opportunity5)states6)country7)warned8)threatened/threatens9)refuse10)reject11)total12)gross2.A blend is a word produced by combining parts of other words,such as“comsat”from“communications”and“satellite”.Try

32、to find out what words the following blends areformed from.You may consult a dictionary if necessary.Answers:BlendFormationMeaningsmogsmoke+fog烟雾烟雾blogweb+log博客brunchbreakfast+lunch早午餐（早餐和午餐合为一餐）autocideautomobile+suicide撞车自杀chunnelchannel+tunnel海峡隧道motelmotor+hotel汽车旅馆netizennet+citizen网民sci-fiscie

33、nce+fiction科幻小说workaholicwork+alcoholic工作狂wi-fiwireless+fidelity无线网络3.Fill in the blanks in Column B with an adjective in Text A.The target adjective must beopposite in meaning to the one in Column A and must form a correct collocation with thenoun in Column C.Answers:1)individual2)contradictory3)de

34、structive4)rational5)primitive6)synthetic7)distant8)pessimistic9)irreplaceable10)enormousGrammar in Context现在分词作状语现在分词作状语一、现在分词短语作时间状语：一、现在分词短语作时间状语：2谓语动作发生在分词所表示的动作过程之中，用 when/while+现在分词的一般式，分词的逻辑主语为句中的主语。如：Dont be careless when/while having an exam.3分词所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动作才发生，则用现在分词的完成式，即 havingdone的形式。

35、分词的逻辑主语应是句中的主语。如：Having finished his homework,the boy was allowed to watch TV play.二、现在分词在句中作原因状语二、现在分词在句中作原因状语1分词短语在句中作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句。当分词所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时，用分词的一般形式。如：Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem,he asked the teacher for help.2分词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前时，可以用现在分词的完成式在句中作原因

36、状语。如：Having lived with the girl for 5 years,we all know her very well.三、现在分词短语在句中作条件状语三、现在分词短语在句中作条件状语现在分词短语在句中作条件状语时，其逻辑主语为句中的主语，该短语相当于一个条件状语从句。如：Turning to the left,you will find the path leading to the park.四、现在分词短语在句中作让步状语四、现在分词短语在句中作让步状语现在分词短语在句中作让步状语时，其逻辑主语是句中的主语，相当于一个让步状语从句，有时分词前可以带有连接词 altho

37、ugh,whether,even if,even though。如：Weighing almost one hundred jin,the stone was moved by him alone.五、现在分词短语在句中作结果状语五、现在分词短语在句中作结果状语现在分词短语在句中可以作结果状语，相当于一个结果状语从句，其逻辑主语是句中的主语。分词短语在句中作结果状语时，通常位于句末，中间有逗号。有时为了加强语气，就在分词前加 thus。如：Their car was caught in a traffic jam,thus causing the delay.六、分词短语在句中表示方式或伴随情

38、况六、分词短语在句中表示方式或伴随情况现在分词短语可表示方式或伴随情况，用来说明动作发生的背景或情况。一般情况下，现在分词所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生，它的逻辑主语就是句中的主语，谓语动词作为主要动作，而现在分词表示一个陪衬动作。如：The children ran out of the room,laughing and talking merrily.1.Study the following sentences from Text B and point out the grammatical function of eachof the present participles

39、 used as an adverbial.Answers:1)an adverbial of accompanying circumstances2)an adverbial of accompanying circumstances3)an adverbial of result4)an adverbial of result5)an adverbial of manner;accompanying circumstances6)an adverbial of result7)an adverbial of time2.Complete the following sentences by

40、 translating the Chinese in the brackets into English,using a present participle as an adverbial.Answers:1)killing thousands upon thousands of people2)raising the average yield by 15 percent3)trying to deduce its operating principle4)Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book5)Not having hea

41、rd from his parents for a long time6)leaving the project unfinished7)Turning to the right8)Not wanting to make the patient nervousCloze Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit.The initial letter of eachis given.Answers:(1)realm(2)elemental(3)obtain(4)stubbornly(5)transferred(

42、6)transformed(7)subdued(8)expansion(9)irreplaceable(10)extinct(11)dynamic(12)verge(13)moderate(14)ecological(15)rationalTranslation1.Translate the following sentences into English,using the words and expressions given inbrackets.Answers for Reference:1)The village is so close to the border that the

43、villagers lived in constant fear of attacks from theenemy.2)In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.3)Seeing the project successfully completed those who had invested so much time and energy init felt very proud.4)Given the current financial situation,it is

44、 inevitable that the US dollar will be furtherdevalued.5)There are so many vehicles nowadays that the roads in this area are barely adequate to copewith the present traffic.6)The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to getprepared for floods.7)Alice had been con

45、fined to bed for over 10 years after the traffic accident,and so her recoveryseemed nothing short of a miracle.8)The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup,spending at least two hoursevery day watching the live matches on TV.9)Thomas said that his family had settled in Florida mor

46、e than half a century ago.10)Ask for help.Dont tough it out yourself.I learned this lesson early in my life.2.Translate the following passage into English.Answers for reference:Human beings live in the realm of nature.They are not only dwellers in nature,but alsotransformers of it.With the developme

47、nt of society and its economy,people tend to become lessdependent on nature directly,but indirectly their dependence grows.Human beings are connected with nature by“blood”ties.No one can live outside nature.However,the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breakingdown.P

48、roblems such as the population explosion,ecological imbalance and the shortage ofnatural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being furtherdeveloped.Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization ofproduction and care for Mother Natur

49、e.Theme-Related WritingWrite an essay of no less than 150 words on the topic“My Understanding ofEnvironmental Protection”.Your writing should cover the following points:1)the relationship between man and the environment2)the urgency of environmental protection3)ways to protect the environment Sample

50、 essayMy Understanding of Environmental ProtectionMan and the environment are closely related.Man relies on the environment for water,foodand shelter.A harmonious relationship between man and the environment is essential for humansurvival on the earth.However,man and the environment have never been