公共英语等级考试三级(PETS3)学习笔记(二).docx
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1、公共英语等级考试三级公共英语等级考试三级(PETS3)学习笔记(二)学习笔记(二)Unit 4 EnvironmentPhrases and Sentences:1、He is famous for vigorously opposing the use ofchemicals to kill pets.PS:解析解析 vigorously opposing 并翻译这句话。并翻译这句话。=vigorously opposing 积极反对积极反对全句翻译:他因为积极反对用化学品杀宠物而出名。全句翻译:他因为积极反对用化学品杀宠物而出名。2、What would you recommend for
2、 a tenth-grader?PS:解析解析 tenth-grader 到底是十年级的学生到底是十年级的学生,还是十岁的小孩还是十岁的小孩?=tenth-grade 是是“十年级十年级”,所以,所以 tenth-grader 当然是当然是“十年十年纪的学生纪的学生”了。十岁的小孩是:了。十岁的小孩是:teenager3、They used Singapore as a microcosm for examining aregionwide tropical biodiversity crisis,and compiled population data from the past two c
3、enturies.PS:翻译这句话。翻译这句话。=他们用新加坡作为检查热带地区的区域性的生活差异危机他们用新加坡作为检查热带地区的区域性的生活差异危机一个缩影,并用过去两个世纪一个缩影,并用过去两个世纪(的历史的历史)来编纂人口数据。来编纂人口数据。其中其中 biodiversity 是由前缀是由前缀 bio-和和 diversity 组合而成的组合而成的,意思意思是生命的差异性。是生命的差异性。4、Animals that call the forest home have sufferedenormously.PS:翻译这句话,重点解析翻译这句话,重点解析call在这句话的意思。在这句话的
4、意思。=call 称为,当作。称为,当作。全句翻译:以森林为家的动物们受到了巨大的灾难。全句翻译:以森林为家的动物们受到了巨大的灾难。5、American and Europe will pool research intohydrogen-powered fuel cells.PS:翻译这句话,重点解析翻译这句话,重点解析pool在这句话的意思。在这句话的意思。=pool 集中投入集中投入,pool 的名词意思是的名词意思是“池塘池塘”,动词本义是动词本义是“汇汇合成塘合成塘”的意思,这里用的是比喻义,想象一下不难理解的。的意思,这里用的是比喻义,想象一下不难理解的。全句翻译:全句翻译:美国
5、和欧洲将集中注资到氢燃料电池的研究中。美国和欧洲将集中注资到氢燃料电池的研究中。6、It shows the United States is out to make peace witheco-friendly Europe.PS:翻译这句话翻译这句话=这表明美国将尽力与生态环境好的欧洲和平相处。这表明美国将尽力与生态环境好的欧洲和平相处。out 这里是副词,表示这里是副词,表示“致力于致力于”。7、Fuel cells create electricity by combining oxygen andhydrogen without producing harmful emissions
6、,and technicalconstruction poses few basic challenges.PS:翻译这句话,重点解析翻译这句话,重点解析call在这句话的意思。在这句话的意思。=燃料电池通过氧气和氢气反应来发电而不发出有害物质燃料电池通过氧气和氢气反应来发电而不发出有害物质,并并且在技术的组建上提出了很少的挑战。且在技术的组建上提出了很少的挑战。这里没有这里没有 call,只有只有 cell,是电池的意思,名词。是电池的意思,名词。pose challenge提出挑战,就是指技术上的难关。提出挑战,就是指技术上的难关。8、But opinion is sharply divi
7、ded over how to obtainhydrogen without wasting more natural resources.PS:翻译这句话,重点解析翻译这句话,重点解析over在这句话的意思。在这句话的意思。=但是在如何不浪费更多自然资源的情况下获得氢气这个问但是在如何不浪费更多自然资源的情况下获得氢气这个问题上,意见出现了分歧。题上,意见出现了分歧。其中的其中的 over 相当于相当于 on,就是就是“关于关于”的意思。的意思。9、That means making use of renewable resources for thetask,say wind and so
8、lar resources.PS:翻译这句话,重点解析翻译这句话,重点解析say在这句话的意思。在这句话的意思。=那意味着该任务是要利用可再生资源,比如风能和太阳能那意味着该任务是要利用可再生资源,比如风能和太阳能。其中的其中的 say 是副词,比如,相当于是副词,比如,相当于 for example.10、Whitman assured the public that the air was safebefore testing was conclusive.In addition,all EPA statementswere required to be screened by the W
9、hite House.PS:翻译这句话翻译这句话=惠特曼向公众保证在测试下结论之前空气是安全的。而且惠特曼向公众保证在测试下结论之前空气是安全的。而且,所有的所有的 EPA(美国环保署美国环保署)申明都要求经过白宫的筛选。申明都要求经过白宫的筛选。screen:动词,筛选:动词,筛选/过滤。过滤。11、But New York Sen.(senator,参议员。参议员。)Hillary Clinton iscalling for an investigation,saying somebody surely leaned onthe EPA to lie,which Whitman stron
10、gly denies.PS:翻译这句话翻译这句话=但是纽约的科学家希拉里但是纽约的科学家希拉里.克林顿要求调查此事克林顿要求调查此事,说某些人明说某些人明显的偏向于显的偏向于 EPA(美国环保署美国环保署)而说谎,对于这个,惠特曼坚决否认而说谎,对于这个,惠特曼坚决否认。call for:相当于相当于 demand,require,lean on:偏向于。偏向于。Passage:When it comes to air pollution,the simple life isntnecessarily the safest.The most poisonous atmosphere inAsi
11、a is found not in rapidly modernizing cities like New Delhior Beijing but inside the kitchens of homes in rural Asia.Millions of families in the countryside heat their abodes andcook with open fires using cheap fuels that belch carbonmonoxide and other noxious fumes at level up to 500 timesinternati
12、onal safety limits.Rural women and children oftenspend hours each day in poorly,ventilated kitchens,breathingthis putrid air.“This is a problem that has been around forever,as long as humankind has existed,but its been ignored,”saysEva Rehfuess,a World Health Organization expert on indoorair polluti
13、on.“If you walked into these kitchens,your eyeswould start tearing and you would find it difficult to breathe.Its terrible.”The WHO estimates that indoor air pollution cause 1.6million deaths per year in developing countries around theworld,up to 555,000 of which occur in India alone-andoverwhelming
14、ly its the poor who are dying.Villagers have nochoice but to use wood,coal or dung fires,raising the risk thatyoung children will be killed by carbon-monoxide poisoning ora bad case of pneumonia ravaging weakened lungs.Likewise,the women who typically keep their home fires burning arevulnerable to c
15、hronic respiratory diseases.“Day in and dayout for 50 years,some of these women might be cooking sixhours a day,exposed to pollutions,”says Rehfuess.Curtailing indoor air pollution can be as simple asreplacing open wood fires with better-ventilated cookstoves,but more sophisticated stoves can cost u
16、p to$120.China andIndia,home to the worlds largest rural populations,havelaunched ambitious national programs in recent decades tosupply villagers with safer stoves at subsidized prices.But theprograms have not always worked,in India,for example,some33 million stoves were given out free to villagers
17、 in rural areasfrom 1984 to 2000but because of a lack of health educationorfollow-upmaintenance,mostfamiliesabandonedthecookstoves for their old fires within a few years.Thats left nongovernmental organizations like the shellFoundation to step into the gap.It has begun a pilot programwith local Indi
18、an NGOs in a pair of rural states to develop andmarket clean,wood-burning stoves that cost just$5-$10 yetcan reduce emissions by up to 40%.The project is on track tosell 1000,000 stoves by the end of 2005,and the groups plan toexpand the program nationally in the future.Program managerKaren Westley
19、says Shell and its partner NGOs made an effortto sell their customers not just more efficient tools but also theidea that different is better.“You have to make sure peopleactually want that damn thing,”says Westely.“They need tomake the connection between having a better stove,breathingless smoke an
20、d experiencing better health in the end.”But habits ingrained by tradition can be hard to break.“Theyve been living with this always,and so have theirmothers and grandmothers,”says Rehfuess.“You have togive people the felling they can do something about it.”Andthat theyll breathe a lot easier for th
21、eir trouble.参考译文参考译文:说到空气污染说到空气污染,并不是说简单的日常生活就必然是最安全的并不是说简单的日常生活就必然是最安全的。研研究显示究显示,在亚洲在亚洲,毒气最浓的空气并不在新德里和北京这样的现代化毒气最浓的空气并不在新德里和北京这样的现代化速度很快的城市速度很快的城市,而是在亚洲农村家庭的厨房里而是在亚洲农村家庭的厨房里。在农村在农村,上百万的上百万的家庭用明火取暖或是做饭家庭用明火取暖或是做饭,他们使用的是廉价的燃料他们使用的是廉价的燃料,这些燃料所释这些燃料所释放的一氧化碳量和其他有毒烟雾量是国际标准的放的一氧化碳量和其他有毒烟雾量是国际标准的 500 倍。农村地
22、区倍。农村地区的妇女和孩子经常每天在通风不好的厨房里待上几个小时的妇女和孩子经常每天在通风不好的厨房里待上几个小时,呼吸这种呼吸这种有毒的空气。有毒的空气。“这个问题从人类诞生以来就一直存在着,但是却一直这个问题从人类诞生以来就一直存在着,但是却一直被忽视了被忽视了,”一位名叫伊娃一位名叫伊娃.瑞弗丝的世界卫生组织室内空气污染方面瑞弗丝的世界卫生组织室内空气污染方面的专家说道,的专家说道,“走进厨房你的眼睛就开始流泪,而且你会觉得呼吸困走进厨房你的眼睛就开始流泪,而且你会觉得呼吸困难,这太可怕了。难,这太可怕了。”世界卫生组织估计世界卫生组织估计,在发展中国家在发展中国家,室内空气污染造成每年
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