2022年社会保障复习资料.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思第一章1、社会保证制度前景大辩论发生转折的缘由？ Recognition that the Risks Covered by Social Security are not Diminishing Growing Evidence that Societies, if Willing to Plan, Can Afford to Grow Old Recognition that Social Security Should not only Maintain Income but Should also

2、Help People Achieve Independence 2、社会保证改革需要加以考虑的尺度？ Intergenerational equity poverty alleviation flexibility to opt for education, employment, family care responsibilities, phased or partial retirement, lifelong learning, etc. individualization of social security rights for men and women coherence,

3、transparency and understandability of social security policies and program provisions consistency of social security provisions with job creation and labor mobility objectives consistency of social security with regard to work incentives and the fullest use of human resources, particularly among the

4、 disabled and the elderly equal treatment of migrants universal social security coverage for the basic risks of ill health, unemployment, work injury and old-age 其次章1、社会保证模式的分类与比较 2、社会保证体制的分类与比较第三章1、 社会保证机构实施新信息技术的主要方法和留意问题；主要方法 : one of the most frequent is the introduction of personal computers an

5、d intelligent workstations telephony technology encourage their clients to make greater use of the telephone electronic identification of clients 留意问题 : planned and executed carefully flexibility and adaptability the readiness of their clients to accept new methods of service harmonize their informa

6、tion technology systems 2、举例说明社会保证机构预防和掌握欺诈行为的方法； tighter administrative practices and Increased Entitlement reviews, introduced rigorous 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思identity Verification （Philippines、South Africa 、United Kingdom ） undertaken informatio

7、n campaigns to inform clients about their responsibilities relative to the benefits they receive and about the penalties Use the media to increase public awareness of the consequences of fraud initiated electronic exchanges of information with other public entities （Spain） Such arrangements for mutu

8、al assistance in the detection and prevention of fraud have already been concluded （US、UK 、Canada） actively encourage the public to join in their efforts in combating fraud by reporting suspected fraudulent activity 3、你如何看待 “ 用个人隐私来换取公众利益是一种合理交换” 这一观点？New and more powerful information technology is

9、increasing the capacity of institutions to collect and store extensive information on individuals and to exchange that information with other institutions within a country and similar institutions in other countries. 4、社会保证机构人力资源治理的留意问题及其评判；留意问题 : introduce new work methods and technology Staff comm

10、itment and support 评判 : While they have to face many difficult personnel management issues, the institutions which reinvent their administration also after new challenges and opportunities to employees. The modernization of the administration usually results in a more interesting job for employees.

11、Further, as a result of simplifying work processes and giving more authority to employees at the point of contact with clients, organizations are de-layered. 第四章1、非正规护理政策的目的 One is the overall greater recognition of informal carers and support for their caregiving. secondly, the issue of gender equa

12、lity needs to be addressed, particularly through workplace policies which mitigate pressures on caregivers to leave the labor market. Thirdly, new forms of co-operation and collaboration between public and private care need to be developed. 2、非正规护理的困境 how to provide workplace policies that will supp

13、ort employees with caregiving responsibilities without spending prohibitive amounts of money to implement such policies the majority of them women, is the contradiction between subjugating labor market activity to provide unpaid care work in the informal sphere, mostly within their families, and the

14、 struggle towards gender equality. being caught between their need for care, the conflicts of their caregivers, and the political pressures to contain costs for the provision of formal services. 3、支持非正规护理的主要政策分类、内容与比较（笔记）4、非正规护理政策的三个不同模式名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在

15、循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思English-speaking existence of on a cash benefits for care cash benefits national are contingent upon countries for informal basis resource or means-testing carers comprehensive and broad Scandinavian on a quasi-wage regional approach to the coordinated social Vari- countries basis protec

16、tion of carers and tions to policies for carers in employment continental cash benefits at the carers do not have any entitlement to the cash for the benefit in their own disabled national right, and programs do Europe person, to level not contribute towards purchase social security support or care

17、provisions for carers 5、非正规护理政策的进展趋势 consolidation of carers cash benefits move towards direct payment systems extension of carers support services inclusion of informal carers needs in assessments emergence of information and training agencies 第五章1、亚洲社会保证面临的挑战 changing labor market structures and j

18、ob opportunities nuclearization of the family a preference for the provident fund approach over social insurance how to manage the transition from a largely informal and unstructured apparatus which relies on families to provide for their own combined with legislated provisions for a small minority

19、of relatively affluent workers, towards a more extensive legislated and administered system with increased coverage and more adequate benefits provided as a right of citizenship the practicality of any reform proposals 2、社会保证对经济进展的影响Conventional economic arguments： Redistribu-tion from rich to poor

20、will reduce the overall saving rate and thus growth government will come under pressure from interest groups to introduce redistributive programs that will be harmful to growth Against this：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思 policies which redistribute income

21、 downwards serve to ease credit restrictions at the bottom of the income distribution more than they are tightened at the top, leading to more aggregate capital formation and higher growth the establishment of a comprehensive social security safety net reduces political opposition to measures for st

22、ructural change which improve efficiency and promote economic growth redistributive policies designed to reduce poverty and income inequality in the form of public education programs have raised investment in human capital and been beneficial to growth 3、举例说明并比较1996 年以来亚洲社会保证的主要进展Key Social Security

23、 Developments in Asia Since 1996 New Forms of Social Security Measures to Increase Compliance Expanding Role for Maternity Benefits Reforms in Response to Population Ageing Improving Efficiency and Service Delivery 4、走向 21 世纪的韩国福利制度改革五大原就Welfare Reform in Korea Towards 21st Century： guaranteeing a m

24、inimum standard of living to all citizens linking welfare provision to productivity by emphasizing projects which enrich peoples intellectual capabilities enhancing a sense of community by encouraging cooperation between government and the private sector raising the efficiency of welfare administrat

25、ion through computerization and other means emphasizing stability and security by attacking environmental pollution, crime and inadequate facilities and products 第六章1、就业政策被证明胜利的国家缘由所在及国际比较 A comprehensive macroeconomic approach was important for success in labor market. A favorable climate for inves

26、tment and consumption was created, for instance, through a temporarily deficitary fiscal policy and an expansionary monetary policy. The markets for goods and services were liberalized. A decentralized system of wage setting permits better account to be taken of circumstances in particular regions a

27、nd enterprises Moderation in wage increases has facilitated the growth of employment in the countries 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思under consideration. A measure of wage differential is necessary. Finally, differences in the focus of labor market policie

28、s are of significance. 2、劳动力市场干预的理由 Lack of Transparency Mismatches Unwillingness to take risks Discrimination Hysteresis 3、对积极劳动力市场政策的评判 The general conclusion emerging from this study is that the effects of active labor market policy measures consist not so much of a reduction in the level of unem

29、ployment as in a redistribution of the risk of being unemployed. In addition, labor market policies could be envisaged as a necessary element of support for a job-creation strategy adapts human capital. inasmuch as through active measures it conserves, builds up or This would be the manner in which

30、the limited resources available for labor market policies could contribute most meaningfully to the reduction of structural unemployment. Labor market policy requires a set of flexible instruments with which individual programme packages can be tailored. The prime measure of success of labor market

31、policy schemes must be the reintegration of the participants in the primary labor market” . 4、劳动力市场政策成效 Wage cost subsidies Job creation Promotion of self-employment Training Counselling/ placement 5、胜利的劳动力市场政策设计需考虑的问题 What should be the level of maintenance benefits during participation in a scheme

32、. What should be the basis for new entitlements. Should schemes he designed to operate at enterprise level or not. When should intervention take place. When should the duration of a program be. What kind of activation ”of the unemployed is reasonable. 第七章1、养老保险制度应对退休人口增长的改革 Pension System Response t

33、o the Growth in Retired Populations：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思raising the average age of retirement （ including making early retirement less attractive or cost neutral ） reducing benefits increasing contributions and the contribution base shifting res

34、ponsibility to the private sector 2、提高平均退休年龄的方法 raising the average age of retirement： to increase the standard age of entitlement to the old-age pension and/or the required length of coverage to reduce access to alternative sources of early retirement income such as early retirement pensions, unemp

35、loyment benefits or disability pensions to encourage workers to stay in the labor force longer by promoting deferred and/or partial retirement 3、勉励工人延长职业生涯的方法 Encouraging Workers to Stay in Employment Longer by Promoting Deferred and/or Partial Retirement ： Reducing disincentives to earn additional income after retirement Amending entitlement rules Allowing pension levels to reflect contributions made after retirement age Introducing gradual retirement schemes 4、降低福利金水平的方法 Untargeted Reductions in benefits Targeted Reductions in Benefits 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页