山东省2013年高考英语二轮复习 专题整合突破一 名词、冠词和主谓一致.doc
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1、2013年高考第二轮复习英语山东版一、名词、冠词和主谓一致真题试做1(2012山东高考,24)My first _ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.AexpressionBattentionCsatisfaction Dimpression2(2011山东高考,21) Take your time its just _ short distance from here to _ restaurant.A不填;the Ba;theCthe;a D不填;a3(2011山东高考,34)Theres a _ in our o
2、ffice that when its somebodys birthday,they bring in a cake for us all to share.Atradition BbalanceCconcern Drelationship4(2010山东高考,22)If we sit near _ front of the bus,well have _ better view.A不填;the B不填;aCthe; a Dthe;the5(2010山东高考,33)Those who suffer from headache will find they get _ from this me
3、dicine.Arelief BsafetyCdefense Dshelter6(2009山东高考,25)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since 1990.Ais BareChas been Dhave been考向分析1名词不仅是中学英语的基本词汇,也是历年高考的“常客”。高考对名词的考查往往集中在名词词义辨析、抽象名词具体化、名词作定语及名词的固定搭配等方面。2冠词的题目几乎每年都有一道,而且往往设两个空,以增加覆盖面和难度。高考对冠词的考查主要包括定冠词与不
4、定冠词的区别、名词前省略冠词的场合、特指与泛指的区分以及习语中冠词的用法等,特别是有些题目暗含特指的意义,需要根据语境仔细体会。3主谓一致主要考查一些基本句型的用法。注意掌握主谓一致的三个原则,尤其是主语部分比较复杂时,要明确哪部分是真正的主语。热点例析考点一:名词词义辨析同义词、近义词甚至是形近词有着不同的含义和适用场合,要特别注意在特定语境中准确运用词汇和语法知识的能力。平时要努力扩大词汇量,做题时要深入理解语境,整体把握,结合句意作出最佳选择。【典例分析】 (2012江苏高考,21)Can I help you with it?I appreciate your _,but I can
5、manage it myself.AadviceBquestionCoffer Didea答案为C项。advice意为“建议”;question意为“问题”;offer意为“提供,提议”;idea意为“想法,主意”。根据语境看出“我可以帮忙吗?”是对方主动的提议,所以选C项。考点二:抽象名词具体化抽象名词是表示状态、品质、情感等而没有实物的名词。抽象名词具体化后变成可数名词,前面可加不定冠词,用来强调其具体表现形式或表示某一次短暂的动作,常意为“一次的事情;一个的人;一种的东西”。如:difficulty 困难a difficulty 一件难事 surprise 惊讶a surprise 一件
6、令人惊讶的事pleasure 愉快a pleasure 一件乐事failure 失败a failure 一位失败者;一件失败的事success 成功a success 一位成功者;一件成功的事【典例分析】 (2012山东高考,29)Being able to afford _ drink would be _ comfort in those tough times.Athe;the Ba;aCa;不填 D不填;a答案为B项。句意:在那艰苦的岁月里能够买得起一杯饮料将会是一种安慰。drink在此句中表泛指,指“一杯或一种饮料”;comfort作“安慰,舒适”讲时,为不可数名词,但在此用a co
7、mfort表示“一件令人安慰的事物”,comfort为可数名词。故选B项。考点三:名词作定语名词作定语一般用单数形式,如a mountain village,stone houses;但man和woman作定语时要随着所修饰的名词的数的变化而变化。如:a woman doctor,two women doctors。【典例分析】 There are more _ teachers than _ teachers in our school.Aman;woman Bwoman;menCman;women Dmen;women答案为D项。名词作定语时一般用单数形式,但man和woman作定语修饰复
8、数名词时,也应用复数形式的men和women。考点四:名词的所有格1以“s”结尾的复数名词所有格只加“”。如:the teachers readingroom/ten minutes walk2复数为特殊变化的复数名词后加“s”。如:Womens Day/the Childrens Palace3名词并列时,所有格的形式不同,其含义不同。如:Tom and Bobs desk 汤姆和鲍勃的桌子(共有)Toms and Bobs desks汤姆的桌子和鲍勃的桌子(不共有)4双重所有格。(1)当of短语所修饰的名词前有表示数量的词,如a/two/some/any/no等时,表示所有关系的of后加名
9、词所有格或名词性物主代词。如:a friend of my brothers/his 我弟弟的/他的一个朋友several students of Mr.Smiths/mine史密斯先生的/我的几个学生(2)当of短语所修饰的名词前有一个指示代词表示一定感情色彩时,of后也用名词所有格或名词性物主代词。如:That little son of Xiao Lis/yours is really lovely.小李的/你的那个小儿子真可爱。This invention of the professors/his is of great importance.教授的/他的这项发明很重要。【典例分析】
10、 The _ shoes were covered with mud,so I asked them to take them off before they got into _ car.Agirls;Toms Bgirls;TomsCgirls;Toms Dgirls;Toms答案为C项。根据题干后半部分的them可知第一个空应用复数的所有格girls;第二个空用Toms表示“汤姆的”。考点五:冠词的基本用法特指泛指表示类别表示“一个(些)”可数名词单数the booka booka book可数名词复数the booksbookssome/any books不可数名词the sugars
11、ugarsome/any sugar【典例分析】 (2012全国高考,7)He missed _ gold in the high jump,but will get _ second chance in the long jump.Athe;the B不填;aCthe;a Da;不填答案为C项。第一个空应选定冠词特指跳高的金牌;第二个空表示“又一次机会”,不表示特指,应用不定冠词a。故选C项。考点六:冠词的省略1东、西方都有的节日名称前不用冠词,如:New Years Day,Christmas,National Day,Army Day等;但中国的节日一般用定冠词,如:the Spring
12、 Festival,the MidAutumn Festival等。2月份、日期前一般不用冠词,如:in October,on March 8等。3三餐名词前不用冠词,如:have breakfast/lunch/dinner等。但有定语修饰时需加冠词,如:have a big breakfast,have a wonderful lunch等。4表示体育运动的名词前不用冠词,如:play football/cards/chess等;但乐器名词前需加定冠词,如:play the violin/the piano等。5表示职位、头衔的名词作补足语、同位语时不用冠词。如:He was electe
13、d chairman.Mr. Wang,headmaster of our school,went to Japan last week.6一些习惯短语不用冠词。如:at night,at first,by bus,go to bed,at table等。【典例分析】 (2012重庆高考,24)Sam has been appointed _ manager of the engineering department to take _ place of George.A/;/ Bthe;/Cthe;the D/;the答案为D项。英语中表示头衔、职位的名词用作补足语或同位语时前面不加冠词,该
14、题manager在句中作主语补足语,所以第一个空不用冠词;take the place of为固定短语,意为“代替”。句意:萨姆已被委任为工程部的经理来代替乔治。考点七:习语中的冠词1有些习语中习惯用不定冠词。如:on an average,as a whole,in a hurry,make an effort,make an apology,pay a visit to等。2有些习语中习惯用定冠词。如:by the hour,in the distance,by the way,catch/pull/take sb.by the hand,pat/hit sb.on the head/in
15、 the face等。3有些习语中习惯不用冠词。如:in use,in trouble,at noon,day and night,shoulder to shoulder,at war,on duty,in fact,in order,under repair,have trouble/difficulty in doing sth.等。4有些习语中有无冠词意义完全不同。如:【典例分析】 (2012课标全国高考,22)Sarah looked at _ finished painting with _ satisfaction.A不填;a Ba;theCthe;不填 Dthe;a答案为C项。
16、第一个空应用定冠词,特指“完成的那幅画”;第二个空不用冠词,with satisfaction为固定短语,意为“满意地”。考点八:主谓一致主谓一致有语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三个基本原则。1单数名词、不可数名词、不定式、动名词或从句作主语时,谓语要用单数。复数名词作主语时,谓语要用复数。如:Much milk is offered to him.Reading aloud is very important in learning English.To nod ones head means agreement.What they said is true.2and和both.and.连接并
17、列主语时,谓语用复数。or,either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.,not.but.连接并列主语时,谓语和靠近的主语一致。如:Tom and Peter are both from America.Both bread and butter were served for breakfast in this hotel.Either you or I am going to answer the question.Not only he but also his parents have been to New York.3当主语后跟with,al
18、ong with,together with,including,but,except加另一名词或代词时,谓语应与前面的主语保持一致。如:Tom together with his parents is going to New York.Many teachers,including Mr.Wang,have been to Beijing.4不定代词和疑问代词作主语时,一般视作单数。all,most,half等作主语时,若指不可数的东西,谓语动词用单数;若指可数的东西,谓语动词则用复数。如:Either of the shirts fits me very well.Someone str
19、ange is asking to see you.Who is on duty today?Most of the people are against the plan.Most of the earths surface is covered with water.5集体名词people,cattle,police等一般作复数。family,class,team,army,government,public等作为整体看待时为单数,看作组成的成员时为复数。单复数同形的sheep,deer,means等作主语时,要根据意义确定谓语的单、复数。如:People here are all fon
20、d of football.Mens clothing is sold in this shop.His family has just moved to Beijing.Hearing the news,the whole family were very happy.Every means has been tried.All means have been tried.6“many a 单数名词”和“more than one 单数名词”作主语时,谓语用单数。如:Many a student has seen the film.More than one person knows the
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