广东省2013年高考英语二轮复习 语法热点突破第八讲 情态动词和虚拟语气.doc

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1、-1-20132013 年高考第二轮复习英语广东版年高考第二轮复习英语广东版 语法热点突破语法热点突破第八讲第八讲情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气一、情态动词1情态动词具有以下三个特点：（1）后面接动词原形。（2）没有人称和数的变化。（3）变为疑问句或否定句时不需要加助动词，而是将情态动词移至主语前变为疑问句；在情态动词后加 not，构成否定句。2“情态动词have done”表示推测、必要性情态动词have过去分词用法must have done表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必/准是/一定做了某事”can/could have done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常

2、用在否定句和疑问句中could have done可用于肯定句中，表示“可能已经”；此外，还可表示过去没有实现的可能性，意为“本来可以”may/might（not）have done表示对过去已发生行为的推测，用于肯定句中，表示“也许已经”；在否定句中表示“可能不”，用 might 则表示语气更加不肯定should/ought（not）to have done用于肯定句中，表示“本该做某事，而实际上未做”；用于否定句中，则表示“不该做的事反而做了”neednt have done表示“本来没必要做某事”，指做了本来不必去做的事They must have_fallen（fall）asleep.

3、I saw Mr.Wang just now.He couldnt have_gone（go）to Beijing.You could have done better，but you were too careless.You should have come to the meeting earlier.3表示能力，can 与 be able to 一般可互换，但 be able to 可用于将来时和完成时等时态；在表示过去具体某次能够成功做成某事时，只能用 was/were able to。4表示请求许可，可说 May/Might/Can/Could I.？但表示给予许可时，不能用mig

4、ht/could，即不说 you might/could。5must 与 have to 的区别：must 强调主观认为“必须”做某事，而 have to 强调客观上要求“不得不”做某事；have to 有过去式（had to）和将来时（will have to）等时态；mustnt 意为“不准”，dont have toneednt，意为“不必”。另外，must 还可表示“硬要，偏要”。6should 可表示“万一，竟然”。7表示“应该，应当”，should 和 ought to 可互换，只是 ought to 的语气稍重；should强调主观看法，而 ought to 强调客观要求。8sh

5、all 在陈述句中表示说话者给对方的承诺、决心、警告、威胁等；也可在法令、条约、规章中表示强制，意为“必须，应该”。还可以用于 Shall I/he.（要不要我/他？好吗？）。9might/may as well“不妨，还是为好”；had better do sth.“最好做某事”；would rather do sth.“宁愿做某事”。10“cannot help but动词原形”表示“不得不，只好”。I cannot help but go.11cannot/can never.enough/too.表示“再也不为过”。-2-You cannot be careful enough to

6、cross the road.二、虚拟语气类别用法例句if引导的条件从句与现在事实相反从句谓语动词：过去式（be 用 were）主句谓语动词：should/would/could/might动词原形If he were here，hewould help us.与过去事实相反从句谓语动词：had过去分词主句谓语动词：should/would/could/mighthave过去分词If I had been free，Iwouldhavevisited you.与将来事实相反从句谓语动词：过去式/should动词原形/were不定式主句谓语动词：should/would/could/might动

7、词原形If it should raintomorrow，we wouldnot go camping.其他状语从句as if 引导的状语从句中谓语动词用过去式（与现在事实不符）或过去完成式（与过去事实不符）The young man withlong hair walks asif he were a girl.in order that/so that 引 导的 状 语 从句 中 谓 语动 词 用can/could/may/might/would 等动词原形Turn on the light sothat we can see itclearly.宾语从句demand，suggest，or

8、der，insist 后接的从句中谓语动词用“should动词原形”Hesuggestedthatwe（should）notchange our mind.wish 后的从句中谓语动词分别用过去式，过去完成式和should/would动词原形，表示与现在、过去和将来情况相反I wish I could be apop singer.主语从句在 It is necessary/important/strange that.，It issuggested/demanded/ordered/requested that.等从句中，谓语动词用“should动词原形”It is strange that

9、suchapersonshouldbeourfriends.其他句型中It is（high）time that.句型中 that 从句谓语动词用过去式或 should动词原形Its high time thatwe left.would rather 所接的从句中 that 从句谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式I would rather youstayed at home now.if only 句型中动词常用过去式或过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望If only our dreamhad come true！即时训练即时训练在下列各句中填入适当的情态动词1（2011江西高考）It _（not）be

10、the postman at the door.Its only sixoclock.2（2011辽宁高考）If you _ go，at least wait until the storm is over.3（2011新课标全国高考）They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flightwas delayed.4（2011重庆高考）Why didnt you come to Simons party last night?I wanted to，but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night.

11、5（2011浙江高考）Hows your new babysitter?We _（not）ask for a better one.All our kids love her so much.6（2011陕西高考）I _（not）go through that bitter period without yourgenerous help.7（2011陕西高考）Will you read me a story，Mummy?OK.You _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.8（2011上海高考）I _（not）worry about m

12、y weekendI always have my plans-3-ready before it comes.9There _（not）be any difficulty about passing the road test since youhave practiced a lot in the driving school.10The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait becauseit _ be very slow.11I _ not stay for lunch.My brother is

13、 coming to see me.12If I _ plan to do anything I wanted to，Id like to go to Tibet and travelthrough as much of it as possible.13Tom，you _ not leave all your clothes on the floor like this!14（2011北京高考）I dont really like James.Why did you invite him?Dont worry.He _ not come.He said he wasnt certain wh

14、at his plans were.15（2011湖南高考）No one _ be compared with Yao Ming in playingbasketball.Oh，you are really his big fan.用所给动词的适当形式填空1（2011北京高考）Where are the children？The dinners going to be completelyruined.I wish they _（not be）always late.2（2011北京高考）Maybe if I _（study）science，and not literature then，I

15、would be able to give you more help.3（2011江西高考）We _（put）Johns name on the race list yesterday butfor his recent injury.4If she _（come）here tomorrow，she _（tell）me that.We know she willfly to Beijing tomorrow.5If I _（see）him tomorrow，I will give it to him.6I wish I _（have）a room of my own when I was a

16、 boy.7I wish I _（go）to university next year，so now I must study much harder.8I suggested that he _（go）there at once.9He insisted he _（send）to the city.10His expression suggested that he _（pass）the test.11I was ill yesterday.Otherwise，I _（take）part in the sports meeting.12If only I _（see）the film.13Y

17、ou _（come）to the conference yesterday.What was the reason for yourabsence?14I _（work）out the problem，but I was too nervous.15They insisted that the boy _（go）with them.-4-参考答案参考答案第八讲第八讲情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气1cant2must3should4would5couldnt6couldnt7shall8neednt9shouldnt10can11can12could13must14might15can1werent2had studied3would have put4came/were to come/shouldcome；might tell5see6had had7will go8（should）go9（should）besent10had passed11would have taken12had seen13should have come14could have worked15（should）go