2022年定语从句讲解+练习+答案.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载（一）定义及相关术语高中 - 定语从句讲解练习1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句；定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后；2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词；3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词；关系词有关系代词和关系副词；关系词通常有以下三个作用：从句中担当一个成分；A、引导定语从句； B、代替先行词； C、在定语例如： The manwhois shaking hands with myfather is a policeman. 该句中, whois shaking hands with myfather 是

2、定语从句,修饰先行词the man,“ who” 是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词 the man,在定语从句中作主语；关系代词：指人 who（定语从句中可做主语）指物 That Whom（定语从句中可做宾语）which 可作主语 / 宾语指人 =who/whom,可作主语 / 宾语指物 =which,可作主语 / 宾语Whose指人/ 指物,只用做定语,翻译成“ 的” ；（指物时可和 of which 替换）关系词As 常和 such as,the same as 连用； 主语 / 宾语 When 表时间,在定语从句中做时间状语, 先行词一般是表时间的词 time ,day,year,mo

3、ment 等等关系副词 where 表地点,在定语从句中做地点状语,先行词一般是表地点的词, place,city,house,country 等等why表缘由,在定语从句中做缘由状语,先行词一般是the reason留意：关系副词引导的定语从句常常可以用“ 介词 +关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示；（二）关系代词引导的定语从句 1who 指人,在定语从句中作主语；The boys whoare playingfootballare from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的；Those whowant to go to the museummust be at the school

4、 gate at 7 tomorrow m orning. 想去博物馆的人必需在明晨 7 点到大门口集合；Yesterday I helped an old manwhohad lost his way. 昨天我帮忙了一位迷路的老人；That is the teacher whoteaches us physics.名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载那就是教我们物理的老师；2whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略；Mr Liu is the person whom you talked abo

5、ut on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人；Li Ming is just the boy whom I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩；The professor whom you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了；The girl whom the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师常常夸奖的那个女孩是我们的班长；留意：关系代词 whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替,也可省略；The man whom/ whoyou met just nowis m

6、yold friend. 3Which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语常常可省略；Football is a gamewhich is liked by most boys.足球是大多数男孩所喜爱的运动；The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造运算机的那家公司离这儿很远；He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜爱外国作家写的书；The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房

7、子看上去很美丽；This is the pen which he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔；they went to see last night was not iThe film which nteresting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有；4That 指人时,相当于who或 whom；指物时,相当于which. ；在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语常常可省略；The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观

8、这座城市的人数达一百万；Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning. 我今日早上看到的那个人在哪儿？The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好；名师归纳总结 The season that / which comes after spring is summer. 第 2 页,共 13 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 春天以后的季节是夏季；精品资料欢迎下载which came from Australi

9、aYesterday I received a letter that / . 昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信；5Whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语；I visiteda scientistwhosenameis knownallover the country.我拜望了一个全国知名的科学家；He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的伴侣；I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里；留意：指物时,常用以下结构来代替：Th

10、e classroom whosedoor is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will Doyou like the book whosecover is yellow. soon be repaired. Doyou like the book the cover of which is yellow.（三）“ 介词 +关系代词” 引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常常由“ 介词+关系代词” 引出；The school which / thathe once

11、studiedin is very famous. The school in which he once studied is very famous.他曾经就读过的学校很出名；TomorrowI ll bring here the magazine which / thatyou asked for. TomorrowI llbring here the magazine for which you asked. 明天我将把你要的杂志带来；This is the boy whom/ who/ thatI played tenniswith yesterday. This is the bo

12、y with whomI played tennis with yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩；We llgo to hear the famous singer whom/ who/ thatwehave often talkedabout. Wellgo to hear the famous singer about whomwehave often talked. 我们将去听那位我们常常谈论的闻名唱歌家演唱；The managerwhosecompanyI work in pays muchattentionto improvingour working conditi

13、ons. The managerin whosecompanyI work pays muchattentionto improvingour working conditions. 我工作的那家公司的经理非常留意改善我们的工作条件；留意： 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面；如：名师归纳总结 look for,look after,take care of 等； 正are very healthy.第 3 页,共 13 页This is the watch which / thatI amlookingfor.这是我正在找的手表；afterThis is the watc

14、h for which I amlooking. 误 The babies whom/ who/ thatthe nurse is looking- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料欢迎下载（误） 正 那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康；The babies afterwhomthe nurse is lookingare very healthy.如介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时只可用whom,不行用 who, that ；关系代词指物时只可用 which,不行用 that ；关系代词是全部格时用 whose；The manwith whomy

15、ou talked just nowis myneighbour. 正你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居；The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. 误 The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. 正 我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒适；The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. 误 “ 介词 +关系代词” 前仍可有some, any, none, all,both,

16、 neither,many, most, each, few 等代词或者数词；如：both of whom are very kind toHe loves his parents deeply, him. 他深深地爱着他的父母,他们俩待他都很好；In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 篮子里有好些苹果,有些已经坏了；There are forty students in our class in all, most of whomare from big cities. 我们班总共有个同学

17、,大多数来自大城市；Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which areabout country life. 部是关于农村生活的；迄今为止,他写了部小说,其中词关系代词引导的定语从句特例1. , .of +关系代词； 2which 代替 this/that/the （四）关系副词引导的定语从句 1 when 指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语；I stillrememberthe day whenI firstcameto thisschool.arrived. s Rep我仍旧记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天；The time wh

18、en we got together finally 我们团圆的时刻最终到了；PeopleOctober 1, 1949 was the day when the ublic of China was founded. 1949 年 10 月 1 日是中华人民共和国成立的日子；名师归纳总结 untryside Do you remember the years when he lived in the co第 4 页,共 13 页with his grandparents. 你仍记得在农村和你祖父母- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载一

19、起生活的那些年吗？2 where 指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语；Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我诞生的城市；The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了；I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised . 我参观了那个饲养了很多奶牛的农场；Is this the place where they fought the enemy. 这是他们起初打敌人的地方吗？3 why 指缘由,在定

20、语从句中作缘由状语；Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的缘由；The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩处 我不的缘由我们都不知道；I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 知道他今日为什么看上去不开心；留意：关系副词引导的定语从句常常可以用“ 介词 +关系代词” 引导的定语从句来表示；如：From the years when / in which he was going to prim

21、aryschool in the country he had known what he wanted to bewhen he grew up. 自从他在农村读学校时,他就已经知道长大后要做什么；Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live. 他们生活的城市正发生庞大的变化；is The reason why / for which he refused the invitation quite clear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的缘由是非常明白的；（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语

22、从句形式上：不用逗号“ ,” 与主句隔开；意义上：是先行词不行缺少的定语, 如删除,主句就失去意义或意思表达不完整；译法上：译成先行词的定语：“ 的”关系词的使用上： A作宾语时可省略 B 可用 that C 非限制性定语从句 形式上：用逗号“ ,” 与主句隔开；可用 who代替 whom 意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明,如删除,主句仍能表达完整的意思；译法上：通常译成主句的并列句；关系词的使用上： A不行省略 B不用 that C不行用 who代替 whom 限制性定语从句举例：The teacher told methat Tomwasthe only person that I coul

23、d depend on. 老 师告知我说汤姆是我唯独的可以依靠的人；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载China is a country which has a long history. In the street I sawa manwhowasfrom Africa. 人；非限制性定语从句举例：His mother, wholoves him very much, is strict 对他要求很严格；中国是一个历史悠久的国家；在街上我看到一个来自非洲的with him. 他妈妈非常地爱他,

24、China, which wasfounded in 1949, is becoming moreand morepowerful. 中国是 1949 年成立的, 现在正变得越来越强大；Last summerI visitedthe Peoplemeetings are held every year.去年夏s Great Hall,in which manyimportant天,我参观了人民大会堂,在那儿每年都要举办很多重要会议；（一）限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情形1当先行词是 everything, anything, nothing something 除外, all

25、, none, few, little, some等不定代词时,或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时；如：Haveyou taken downeverything that Mr. Li said. 李老师讲的你都登记来了吗？There seemsto be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 对他来说好像世界上没有什么不行能的事；All that can be donehas been done. 全部能做的都做好了；There is little that

26、 I can do for you. 我不能为你干什么；Hestayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed. 他呆在图书馆查找所需的资料；留意：当先行词指人时,有时也可用关系代词 who,如：Any manthat / whohas a sense of duty won t do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事；All the guests that / whowere invitedto her wedding were importantpeople.全部应邀来参与她婚

27、礼的客人都是重要人物；2当先行词被序数词修饰时；如：The firstplace that they visitedin London wasthe Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟；3当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时；如：This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影；4当先行词被 the very, the only 修饰时；如：This is the very dictionarythat I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典；After the fire in his house, the o

28、ld car is the only thing that he owns. 家里发生了火灾过后,那辆旧车成了他的唯独拥有；留意：当先行词指人时,有时也可用关系代词 who；如：WangHuais the only person in our school whowill attend the meeting. 王华是我校唯独出席会议的人；5当先行词前面有 who, which 等疑问代词时；如：Whois the manthat is standing by the gate. 站在门口的那个人是谁？名师归纳总结 Which is the T-shirtthat fitsmemost. 哪件

29、 T 恤衫最合我的身？第 6 页,共 13 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料欢迎下载他6当先行词为人与动物或人与物时；如：They talkedabout the persons and things that they rememberedat school们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事；Look at the manand his donkey that are walking up the street. 瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的 毛驴；（二）关系代词 as 和 which 引导的定语从句as 和 which 引导非限制性定语

30、从句时,体情形是：其用法有相同之处,也有不同之处；具1. as 和 which 都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语,代表前面整个句子；如：Hemarried her, as / which wasnatural. 他跟她结婚了,这是很自然的事；Heis honest, as / which wecan see. 他很诚恳, 这一点我们看得出来；2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后,甚至仍可以分割主句； which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后；另外,as 常常有“ 正如、正像” 的含义；如：As is knownto all,China is a developi

31、ng country.众所周知,中国是进展中国家；Heis from the south, as wecan knowfrom his accent. 们从他的腔调可以知道；他是南方人,这一点我John, as you know, is a famous writer. 正如你所知, 约翰是个闻名作家；ZhangHuahas been to Paris morethan ten times, which I dont believe. 张华已去过巴黎十多次了,这一点我不信任；留意：当主句和从句之间存在着规律上的因果关系时,关系词往往只用 which ；如：Tomwaslate for scho

32、ol again and again, 汤姆老是迟到,这使得老师很恼火；which madehis teacher very angry.These tables are madeof metal, which madethem very heavy. 这些桌子是金属的,这使得这些桌子很重；1. 当先行词受 such, the same修饰时,关系词常用 as； 如：I ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事；Heis not such a fool as he looks. 他可不象他看上去的那样傻；This is th

33、e samedictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样；留意：当先行词受the same修饰时,有时也用that 引导定语从句,但与as 引导的定语从句意思有区分；如：Shewore the samedress that she wore at Marys wedding.她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙；Shewore the samedress as her younger sister 一样的连衣裙；wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的 三 以 the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由 in which 或 that 引导,而且通常

34、可以省略；如：The waythat / in which he answered the questions was surprising. 他回答这些问题的方式令人诧异；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - I don t likethe waythat精品资料欢迎下载我不喜爱你冲她/ in which you laugh at her.的样子；（四）关系代词与关系副词的挑选用关系代词仍是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）；试比较：A. I knowa place where we

35、can have a picnic. 地方；我知道一个我们可以野炊的I knowa place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.我知道一个以自然景 色美丽而闻名的地方；B. I will never forget the days whenwespent our holidays together. 我永远忘不了我们一起 度假的日子；I will never forget the days that / which wespent together. 我永久忘不了我们一起度过的日子；C. This is the

36、reason whyhe wasdismissed.这就是他被解雇的缘由；This is the reason that / which he explained to mefor his not attending the meeting. 这就是他向我说明的他没有参与会议的缘由；（五） but 有时也用作关系词引导定语从句；如：There are very few but admire his talents. （but = whodont ）（六）定语从句与同位语从句的区分很少有人不称赞他的才能的；1定语从句修饰限定先行词,它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词 的详细内容,它与先行

37、词是同位关系；The plane that has justtaken offis for Paris.（定语从句）刚刚起飞的那架飞机是开往巴黎的；The fact that he has already died is quiteclear.（同位语从句）他已经去世了,这个事实很明白；2定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导,关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分,关系代词在从句中作宾语时常常可省略；同位语从句主要由连词 that 引导,在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where, when, how, who, whether, what 等连词引导,这些连词就在从句中担当成分；The newstha

38、t he told meis true.（定语从句）他告知我的消息是真 的；（同位语从句） 他刚刚去世了,The newsthat he has just died is true.这个消息是真的；名师归纳总结 The problem that weare facing nowis howwecan collectso muchmoney. 第 8 页,共 13 页定语从句 我们现在面临的问题是如何筹集这么多资金；The problem howwecan collectso muchmoneyis difficultto solve.（同位语从句）我们如何筹集这么多资金,这个问题很难解决；Th

39、e question that he raised puzzled allof us.（定语从句）他提出的问题让我们很犯难；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料欢迎下载（同The question whether he is sure to win the gameis hard to answer.位语从句）他是否肯定会赢得那场竞赛,这个问题很难回答；3同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词 句就不能；如：be 进展成一个完整的句子 , 而定语从A. The idea that he wecould ask the teacher for advic

40、e is wonderful. 同位语从句）我们可以向老师请教,这个想法不错；（The idea wasthat wecould ask the teacher for advice. B. The fact that the earth movesaround the sun is knownto all.（同位语从句）地球环绕太阳转,这个事实人人皆知；The fact is that the earth movesaround the sun. C. Payattention to the problem howwecan protect the wild animals.（同位语从句）请

41、留意如何爱护野生动物这个问题；The problem is howwecan protect Exercises: the wild animals. 1.There are three bedrooms in the house,_ is Marys. A the smallest of which B the smaller of which C the smallest of them D the smallest one 2.The Greens will move into the new house next Monday,_ it will be completely finis

42、hed. A by the time B by which time C by that time D by this time 3.Alice has a large collection of phone,_ was taken in london. A none of them B no one of which C all of which D none of which 4.With the fast development of agriculture, the people _ village I taught before lived a happy life. for another A who B whose C in whose D in which 5.There is a moutain _ the top is always covered with snow. A whose B of which C its D that 6.She may have missed her train, in _ case she wont arrive hour. A what B that C which D this 7.1I have t