功能语言学优秀PPT.ppt

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1、功能语言学第1页，本讲稿共24页Modality systemModality system第2页，本讲稿共24页Page 28 might-can-can-would-will-almost-certainly-need to-perhaps-would-could-can-could-could-might-could-do not need to-need to-can-can-can-can-probably-need to-sometimes-needs to-can-might-be possible to第3页，本讲稿共24页Analysis of Analysis of 3.1

2、 three kinds of meaning3.1 three kinds of meaning I.On the perspective of type第4页，本讲稿共24页Commodity Exchange Speech Function Types of IntermediacyFrequencyProportion(%)InformationPropositionStatementModalizationProbability 2172.41QuestionUsuality 13.45Goods&ServicesProposalCommandModulationObligation

3、 56.9OfferInclination 217.24total29100第5页，本讲稿共24页 might(L)-can(L)-can(L)-would(M)-will(M)-almost(H)-certainly(H)-need to(H)-perhaps(L)-would(M)-could(L)-can(L)-could(L)-could(L)-might(L)-could(L)-do not need to(H)-need to(H)-can(L)-can(L)-can(L)-can(L)-probably(M)-need to(H)-sometimes(L)-needs to(H)

4、-can(L)-might(L)-be possible to(L)H-High M-Median L-LowII.On the perspective of value第6页，本讲稿共24页ValueProbabilityUsualityObligationInclinationFrequencyProportion(%)High almost-1 certainly-1 need to-5 724.14Medianprobably-1 would-1 would-1 will-1 413.79Lowmight-3 can-8 perhaps-1 could-4 possible-1some

5、times-1 1862.07Total 21 1 5 2 29100第7页，本讲稿共24页III.On the perspective of orientationIII.On the perspective of orientationOrientation refers to the basic distinction that determines how each type of modality will be realized.Based on Hallidays theory，the speakers may express their opinions in the way

6、that makes it clear whether they are their subjective points of view or they are objective qualities of events themselves.There are some intermediate grounds of expressions between the highlighting subjectivity and creating objectivity.Besides,there are other variants in the modality，implicitness an

7、d explicitness.Implicitness is usually realized when the modality is expressed in the same clause as the main proposition，while explicitness is adopted in a projecting clause(Halliday，2000:355).第8页，本讲稿共24页System of orientation in modalitySystem of orientation in modality第9页，本讲稿共24页Analysis of the 3.

8、1-There kinds of meaningAnalysis of the 3.1-There kinds of meaningExplicit subjective:Implicit subjective:we might;we can;can you;you would;we will;need to;would be;you could;we can;we could;we could;might;we do not need to;we need to;we can;we can;we can;we can;need to;needs to;we can;Explicit obje

9、ctive:it could be thought that;it might be possible toImplicit objective:almost,certainly,perhaps,probably,sometimes第10页，本讲稿共24页Distribution of each orientationDistribution of each orientationmodalizationmodulationExplicit subjective00Implicit subjective147Explicit objective 20Implicit objective50第1

10、1页，本讲稿共24页 may-must-can-must-will-can-should-would-would-can-It is possible to-can-will-need to Analysis of 4.1 IntroductionAnalysis of 4.1 Introduction第12页，本讲稿共24页 I.On the perspective of typeAnalysis of 4.1 IntroductionAnalysis of 4.1 Introduction第13页，本讲稿共24页Commodity Exchange Speech Function Type

11、s of Intermediacy FrequencyProportion(%)InformationPropositionStatementModalizationProbability 11 78.57QuestionUsuality 0 0Goods&ServicesProposalCommandModulationObligation17.14OfferInclination 214.29total 14100第14页，本讲稿共24页Modalization:what the writer descibe is the possible implication,nor assertiv

12、e nor absolute.Modulation:it is used to exchange goods and services by speech functions of proposal:command and offer.It is used in this text in a low proportion.第15页，本讲稿共24页 may(L)-must(H)-can(L)-must(H)-will(M)-can(L)-should(M)-would(M)-would(M)-can(L)-It is possible to(L)-can(L)-will(M)-need to(H

13、)H-High M-Median L-LowII.On the perspective of value第16页，本讲稿共24页valueProbabilityUsualityObligationInclinationFrequencyProportion(%)High must-2 need to-1 321.43Median should-1 will-2 would-2 535.71Low may -1 can-4 possible -1 642.86total111214100第17页，本讲稿共24页Low value:open the possibility to the reade

14、rs;leave space for readers to think;lower the writers resposibility.examples in the text:Median value:prevent the expressions go to extremes.The reader would feel the writing more credible.examples in the textHigh value:1.the writer have more confidence and certainty of the information he provided.2

15、.the writer expresses his high degree of expectation on the reader of carrying out the requirements.examples in the text第18页，本讲稿共24页III.On the perspective of orientationIII.On the perspective of orientationExplicit subjective:/Implicit subjective:we may;there must be;that can be;the clause must be;w

16、e will be;we can;that should help;what content would you;we would;we can;we can;we will;we first need to(modal operators)Implicit objective:/Explicit objective:it is possible to第19页，本讲稿共24页Distribution of eaeh orientationDistribution of eaeh orientationmodalizationmodulizationExplicit subjective00Im

17、plicit subjective85Implicit objective00Explicit objective10第20页，本讲稿共24页Implicit subjective:avoid the explicitness when the writer shows his own opinion and make it look as if the fact itself.(reader easily accept the information and persuasion)Explicit objective:1.hide the writers obligatio;2.Make t

18、he writers expression more objective.第21页，本讲稿共24页comparison and cotrast of two textsSimilarities:1.On the perspective of type,more modalization expressions appears in both texts.2.On the perspective of value,low value expressions take more proportion.3.On the perspective of orientation,implicit subj

19、ective expressions are more than other kinds.4.On the perspective of polarity,positive expressions take the predominant role.第22页，本讲稿共24页Differences:1.On the perspective of value,there are more high value expression in the first text.2.On the perspective of orientation,there are some implicit object

20、ive expressions in text1 but no in text 2.第23页，本讲稿共24页Conclusion and implicationModality is a major means to realize the interpersonal function.The analysis of these two texts in the genre of academy under the modality system make us have a clearer and more comprehensive understanding about modality

21、of acdemic text.In an academic text,a writer has to judge very carefully the extent to which he advances a claim as certain or as still open to doubt and make his expression more credible,objective and easier to accepted by readers.So when choosing the modality,he need to take the type,value,orientation or even polarity into consideration.第24页，本讲稿共24页