(完整版)2018全国高考英语真题.pdf

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1、20182018 年高考英语真题试卷（全国卷含答案）年高考英语真题试卷（全国卷含答案）第一节第一节(共共 1515 小题小题:每小题每小题 2 2 分分,满分满分 3030 分分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项。A AWashington,D.C Bicycle ToursWashington,D.C Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.Duration:3 hoursThis small g

2、roup bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world famous cherry trees withbeautiful flowers of Washington，D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about thetrees and the famous monuments where they blossom.Reserve your spot beforeavailability-and the cherry blossoms-disappear！Washington Capital

3、 Monuments Bicycle TourWashington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours(4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington,D.C.Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares uniquefacts and history at each stop.Guided tou

4、r includes bike,helmet,cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.CCapital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.CDuration:3 hoursMorning or Afternoon,this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C.newcomers and localslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.Knowle

5、dgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents，Congress,memorials,and parks.Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线)makecycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourWashington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDu

6、ration:3 hours(7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington,D.C.Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and theNational Mall.Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique factsand histor

7、y.Tour includes bike,helmet,and bottled water.All riders are equipped withreflective vests and safety lights.21.Which tour do you need to book in advance?ACherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.BWashington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.CCapital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.CDWashington Capita

8、l Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?AMeet famous people.BGo to a national park.CVisit well-known museums.DEnjoy interesting stories.23.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide？ACity maps.BCameras.CMeals.DSafety lights.B BGood Morning B

9、ritains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa everymorning，but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role-showing families how to preparedelicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget。In Save Money:Good Food,she visits a different home each week and with the help ofchef Matt Tebbut

10、t offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes forunder 5 per family a day.And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able toput a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home,preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11.“We love Mexican churros so I

11、 buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeawayrestaurant,she explains.I pay 5 for a portion（份），but Matt makes them for 26p aportion,because they are flour,water,sugar and oil.Everybody can buy takeaway food,butsometimes we re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”The eight-par

12、t series(系列节目),Save money:Good Food,follows in the footsteps of ITVsSave Money：Good Health,which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vastrange of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense,Susanna and Matt spend time with adifferent family each week.In

13、tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family inneed of some delicious inspiration on a budget.The team transforms the familys longweekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.24.What do we know about Susanna Reid？AShe enjoys embarrassing her guests.BShe has started

14、a new programme.CShe dislikes working early in the morning.DShe has had a tight budget for her family.25.How does Matt Tebbutt help SusannaAHe buys cooking materials for her.BHe prepares food for her kids.CHe assists her in cooking matters.DHe invites guest families for her.26.What does the author i

15、ntend to do in paragraph 4？ASummarize the previous paragraphs.BProvide some advice for the readers.CAdd some background information.DIntroduce a new topic for discussion.27.What can be a suitable title for the text?AKeeping Fit by Eating SmartBBalancing Our Daily DietCMaking Yourself a Perfect ChefD

16、Cooking Well for LessCLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recent timesthere has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated byhunter-gatherers，small，tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speechindependent of each other.Some

17、 language experts believe that 10,000 years ago,when theworld had just five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages betweenthem.Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,andtheir languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent cent

18、uries,trade,industrialisation,the development of the nation-state and the spread of universalcompulsory education,especially globalisation and better communications in the past fewdecades,all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such asEnglish，Spanish and Chinese are increa

19、singly taking over.At present,the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages ishugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages,oftenspoken by many people,while hot wet zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 la

20、nguages;the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asiaand the Pacific perhaps 3,200,of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over800.The median number(中位数)of speakers is mere 6,000,which that half the worldslanguages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of

21、 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡),withonly a few elderly speakers left.Pick,at random,Busuu in Cameroon（eight remainingspeakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150),Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)orWadjigu in Australia(one,with a question-mark):none of these seems to have much chanc

22、eof survival.28.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?AThey developed very fastBThey were large in numberCThey had similar patternsDThey were closely connected29.Which of the following best explains dominant underlined in paragraph 2？AComplexB.AdvancedCPowerful.DModern30.How man

23、y languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present？AAbout 6,800BAbout 3,400CAbout 2,400DAbout 1,20031.What is the main idea of the text？ANew languages will be created.BPeoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.CHuman development results in fewer languages.DGeography determines language

24、evolution.DWe may think we re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight ofsomething shiny and new,but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置)well after they go out of style.That s bad news for the environment-and our wallets-asthese outdated devices consume m

25、uch more energy than the newer ones that do the samethings.To figure out how much power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt and her colleaguesat the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs foreach product throughout its life-from when its minerals are mined t

26、o when we stop usingthe device.This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since theearly 1990s.Devices were grouped by generation.Desktop computers，basic mobilephones,and box-set TVs defined 1992.Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997.AndWP3 players,smart phones,and LCD

27、 TVs entered homes in 2002，before tablets ande-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices,however,we didnt throw out our old ones.Theliving-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room,and suddenly oneday，you have a TV in every room of the house,”said one researcher.Th

28、e average numberof electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.Were not justkeeping these old devices-We continue to use them.According to the analysis of Babbittsteam,old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices withtheir energy consumption

29、 and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放)more thandoubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what s the solution(解决方案)?The team s data only went up to2007，but theresearchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with newelectronics that serve more than one functi

30、on,such as a tablet for word processing and TVviewing.They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVsand desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32.What does the author think of new devices?AThey are environment-friendly.BThey are no better than the old.C

31、They cost more to use at home.DThey go out of style quickly.33.Why did Babbitts team conduct the research?ATo reduce the cost of minerals.BTo test the life cycle of a product.CTo update consumers on new technology.DTo find out electricity consumption of the devices.34.Which of the following uses the

32、 least energy?AThe box-set TV.BThe tablet.CThe LCD TV.DThe desktop computer.35.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?AStop using themBTake them apartCUpgrade them.DRecycle them.第二节第二节 (共共 5 5 小题：每小题小题：每小题 2 2 分分,满分满分 1010 分分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Color

33、is fundamental in home design-something youll always have in every room.Agrasp of how to manage color in your spaces in one of the first steps to creating roomsyoull love to live in.Do you want a room thats full of life?Professional?Or are you justlooking for a place to relax after a long day?36 _,c

34、olor is the key to making a room feelthe way you want it to feel Over the years,there have been a number of different techniques to help designersapproach this important point.37，they can get a little complex.But good news is thatthereer really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about co

35、lor in your home:the small ones,the medium ones,and the large ones._38_，They re the little spots of color like throw pillows,mirrors and baskets that mostof us use to add visual interest to our rooms.Less tiring than painting your walls and lessexpensive than buying a colorful sofa,small color choic

36、es bring with them the significantbenefit of being easily changeable.Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas,dinner tables orbookshelves.39 .They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones,and they have amore powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color deci

37、sions in your rooms concern the walls,ceilings,and floors.Whetheryoure looking at wallpaper or paint,the time,effort and relative expense put into it aresignificant.40_ .A.While all of them are usefulB.Whatever youre looking forC.If youre experimenting with a colorD.Small color choices are the ones

38、were most familiar withE.its not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF.So it pays to be sure,because you want to get it right the first timeG.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways第一节第一节(共共 2020 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1.51.5 分，满分分，满分 3030 分）分）阅读下面短文，从短

39、文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。During my second year at the city college,I was told that the education department wasoffering a“free”course,called Thinking Chess,for three credits.I 41 the idea of taking theclass because,after all,who doesn t want to 42 a few dollars?More than that,I d alway

40、swanted to learn chess.And,even if I weren t 43 enough about free credits,news aboutour 44 was appealing enough to me.He was an international grandmaster,which 45 Iwould be learning from one of the games 46 I could hardly wait to 47 him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart,a former graduate returning t

41、o teach,andthis 48 was no game for him;he meant business.In his introduction,he made it 49 thatour credits would be hard-earned.In order to 50 the class among other criteria,we had towrite a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professionsand 52 .to our lives.I manag

42、ed to get an A in that 53 and leaned life lessons that haveserved me well beyond the 54.Ten years after my chess class with Ashley,I m still putting to use what he 55 me：“theabsolute most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57.On every single move you have to 58 a sit

43、uation,process what your opponent(对手)isdoing and59 the best move from among all your options.”These words still ring true todayin my 60 as a journalist.41.A.put forwardB.jumped atC.triedoutD.turned down42.A.wasteB.earnC.saveD.pay43.A.excitedB.worriedC.movedD.tired44.A.titleB.competitorC.textbookD.in

44、structor45.A.urgedB.demandedC.heldD.meant46.A.fastestB.easiestC.bestD.rarest47.A.interviewB.meetC.challengeD.beat48.A.chanceB.qualificationC.honorD.job50.A.attendB.passC.skipD.observe51.A.addB.exposeC.applyD.compare52.A.eventuallyB.naturallyC.directlyD.normally53.A.gameB.presentationC.courseD.experi

45、ment54.A.criterionB.classroomC.departmentD.situation55.A.taughtB.wroteC.questionedD.promised56.A.factB.stepC.mannerD.skill57.A.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.comments58.A.analyzeB.describeC.rebuildD.control59.A.announceB.signalC.blockD.evaluate60.A.roleB.desireC.concernD.behavior61.61.第二节第二节 (共共 10

46、10 小题小题;每小题每小题 1.51.5 分分,满分满分 1515 分分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。According to a review of evidence in a medical journal,runners live three years_61_(long)than non-runners,You dont have to run fast or for long _62_(see)the benefit.You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of

47、 _63_(die)early byrunning.While running regularly cant make you live forever，the review says it _64_(be)moreeffective at lengthening life _65_ walking,cycling or swimming.Two of the authors of thereview also made a study published in 2014_66_showed a mere five to 10 minute a day ofrunning reduced th

48、e risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _67_（cause）.The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise.its probably running.To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to _68_(strength)your legmuscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is che

49、ap,easy and itsalways_69_(energy).If you are time poor,you need run for only half the time to get thesame benefits as other sports,soperhaps we should all give_70_ a try.71.71.第一节第一节短文改错短文改错(共共 1010 小题小题;每小题每小题 1 1 分分,满分满分 1010 分分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词

50、的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2 只允许修改 10 处,多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。During my last winter holiday,I went to countryside with my father to visit mygrandparents.I find a big change there.The first time I went there,they were living in asmal