2021中考英语重点知识点.pdf

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1、2021 中考英语重点知识点 2021 中考英语重点知识点英语语法重点与难点 1、asas 结构：你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。Youre a boy as good as Tom.=Youre as good a boy as Tom.2、(1)tooto 与 sothat sb.cant 的句型转换：前者为简单句，主语只有一个，而后者为复合句，主语有两个，试比较：The man was too angry to be able to speak.The man was so angry that he wasnt able to speak.(2)tooto 与 not enough to 句型

2、的转换：He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married.The book is too difficult for me to read.=The book is not easy enough for me to read.3、形容词原级表示比较级含义：约翰不象迈克那么苯。John is not so stupid as Mike.John is less stupid than Mike.John is cleverer than Mike.4、用比较级表示最高级：约翰是班里最高的男生。John is

3、taller than any other boy in the class.John is the tallest boy in the class.5、the more.the more.表示越越:The more books you read,the wider your knowledge is.The more food you eat,the fatter you are.6、more and more.表示越来越:More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language.Our country is

4、getting stronger and stronger.中考考点词组 1.after,in 这两个介词都可以表示(时间)以后的意思 after 以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子中?如:She went after three days.她是三天以后走的 in 以现在为起点,表将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子中如:She will go in three days.她三天以后要走 2.how long,how often,how soon how long指多长时间,主要用来对一段时间(如 three days,four weeks 等)提问?如:How lon

5、g ago was it?这是多久前的事了?how often 指每隔多久,主要用来对频率副词或状语(如 once a week 等)提问?如:How often does he come here?Once a month.他(每隔)多久来一次?每月一次。how soon 指再过多久,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(in an hour,in twoweeks 等)提问?如:How soon can you come?你多快能赶来?3.few,a few,little,a little,several,some few 和 little 的意思是否定的,表示很少或几乎没有;而 a few 和

6、a little的意思是肯定的,表示有一些,有一点儿 few 和 a few 修饰可数名词;little 和 a little 修饰不可数名词 several 用于修饰可数名词,语意比 a few 和 some 更肯定,含有好几个的意思 some可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,从数量上说,它有时相当于a few或 a little,有时指更多一些的数量 4.the other,another the other 指两个人或事物中的另一个,表示特指?如:We stood on one sideof the road and they stood on the other.我们站在街这边,他们

7、站在那边 another 着重于不定数目中的另外一个,表示泛指,所以常用来指至少三个中的一个?如:She has taken another of my books.她已经拿了我的另外一本书 5.spend,take,cost,pay spend 的宾语通常是时间?金钱?在主动语态中,句子的主语必须是人,而且后面不能用动词不定式做它的宾语?如:She spent the whole evening in reading.她把整个晚上用来读书 take 常常用来指花费时间,句子的主语通常是表示事物的词语?如:How longwill this job take you?你做这项工作要花多长时间?

8、cost 指花费时间?金钱或力气等,只能用表示事物的词做主语,并且不能用于被动语态?如:How much does the jacket cost?这件夹克多少钱?pay 主要指主语(某人)买某物(或为某事)付多少钱(给某人)?如:I pay formy rooms by month.我按月支付租金 6.among,between between 的意思是在中间,在之间,一般指在两者之间?如:There is a tablebetween two windows.在两扇窗户之间有一张桌子。between 有时也表示在多于两个以上的事物之间,但那是指在每二者之间。如:the relationsh

9、ip betweendifferent provinces and municiplities 省市和省市之间的关系(这里是指每两个省市之间的相互关系?)7.beat,win这两个词都有获胜,打败的意思,但其后宾语不同?beat 是打败,优于的意思,后面接人或队?如:We beat them.我们打败了他们。win 指赢,获胜,后面接比赛?名次?如:We won the match/game/race/thefirst place.我们赢了这场比赛(获得了第一名)。8.agree with,agree on,agree to agree on 表示就取得一致意见?如:We all agree

10、on(making)an early start.我们一致同意及早出发?agree with 表示与意见一致,后面既可以跟表示人的名词或人称代词,也可以跟表示意见。看法的名词或 what 引导的从句?。如:I agree with you withoutreservation.我毫无保留地同意你的意见。We agree with what you said justnow.我们同意你刚才所说的意见。agree to 后面不能接人,只能接提议,计划,方案等词句?如:I agree to theterms proposed.我同意拟议的条件。9.bring,take,carry,fetch这四个词

11、都是动词,都含有带或拿的意思,但使用的场合各不相同。bring 作带来,拿来解?如:Next time dont forget to bring me a copy of yourwork.下次不要忘了把一份你的作品带给我。take 是 bring 的对语,作带去,拿去解?如:Take the box away,please.请把盒子拿走。carry 表示运载,携带之意,运送的方式很多,可以用车、船,也可以用手甚至用头。如:This bus is licensed to carry 100 passengers.这辆巴士准载一百人。fetch 则表示去拿来的意思。如:Please fetch

12、me the documents in that room.请到那间房间去把文件拿来给我。10.each,every两词都是每个的意思,但着重点不同。each 着重个别的情况,every 着重全体,有所有的的意思。如:She knows each student of the class.她认识这个班里的每一个学生。She knows every student of the class.她认识这个班所有的学生。11.no one,none no one 指没有人(只能指人,不能用来指物),意思与 nobody 相同,作主语时不必跟 of 连用,如:No one believes him si

13、nce he is not honest.没有人相信他,因为他不诚实。No one else but I went.除我以外,谁也没去。none 指一个也没有(既可指人,也可指物),作主语时代替不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词,谓语动词用单、复数都可以。但在主+系+表结构中,如果表语为复数,则系动词要用复数形式。如:None of us are(is)afraid ofdifficulties.我们谁也不怕困难。12.go on doing,go on to do,go on with这三个动词短语都有继续做某事的意思,其区别如下:go on doing 表示继续做,一直在做某事(

14、中间无间断);go on to do表示接着做某事,即某事已做完,接着做另一件事;go on with也表示继续做某事,其含义是某一动作一度中止后,又继续下去。13.too much,much too二者都有太,非常之意,much too 为副词词组,修饰形容词?副词,不可修饰动词。如:Its much too cold.天气实在是太冷了。too much 作太多讲,有以下三种用法?(1)作名词词组 如:You have given us too much.你给我们的太多了。(2)作形容词词组修饰不可数名词 如:Dont drink too much wine.不要饮太多的酒 (3)作副词词组

15、修饰不及物动词 如:She talks too much.她说话太多 14.happen,take place 与 occur happen 有偶然的意思,多用于客观事物?情况的发生?。如:Whatever hashappened to your arm?Its all swollen.你的手臂怎么了?肿得好历害!occur 指有计划地使某些事发生，有时强调呈现于人的知觉中。如:Did itoccur to you to phone them about it?你难道没想到就这事给他们打个电话?事 件 作 主 语 时,happen和occur可 以 通 用?如:Theaccidenthappe

16、ned/occurred yesterday.事故是昨天发生的。take place 指事件发生,但常用来表示举行的意思,带有非偶然性?例如:Themeeting took place last night.会议昨晚举行。15.in front of,in the front of in front of的意思是在前面。如:There is a tree in front of the house.房子前面有一棵树。in the front of 的意思是在前部,指在某个空间范围内的前面。如:There isa blackboard in the front of the classroom.

17、教室里前部有一块黑板 16.noise,voice,sound这三个词都作声音解,在表示听到声音这个意思时,三者可以通用，但它们又各有特定的含义。sound 作声音解,含义最广,指可以听到的任何声音,如:a weak sound 微弱的声 noise 作噪音,嘈杂声,吵闹声解,指不悦耳,不和谐的声音，它既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词。如:Another kind of pollution is noise.另外一种污染是噪音。voice 作声音解时,多指人发出的声音,包括说话声、歌声和笑声。如:Heshouted at the top of voice.他高声呼喊。有时也用于引申意义,作意见

18、、发言权解。如:I have no voice in the matter.对于这件事,我没有发言权。17.arrive,get,reach三者均可表示到达,arrive 后通常接介词 at(一般用于较小的地方)或 in(一般用于较大的地方)?如:We arrived at the station five minutes late.我们晚了 5 分钟到车站?又如:They will arrive in Paris next Monday.他们将于下周星期一到达巴黎?get 之后通常接介词 to。如:When we got to the park,it began to rain.我们到达公园

19、时,就开始下雨了。reach 是及物动词(较 get 更正式),其后可直接跟地点名词做宾语(不能用介词)。如:He reached Beijing yesterday.他昨天到达北京。情态动词 1.考查情态动词表示推测的用法 考点快忆 表示肯定推测的情态动词有：must 一定;准是，may 也许;可能，might 或许;表示否定推测的情态动词有：cant 不可能，couldnt 不会，maynot 也许不，might not 或许不;can 表示推测时不用于肯定句，may 表示推测时不用于疑问句。2.考查情态动词引起的一般疑问句的答语 考点快忆 回答 must 时，肯定答语用 must,否定答

20、语用 neednt 或 donthave to。回答 need 时，肯定答语用 must,否定答语用 neednt。回答 may 时，肯定答语用 may，否定答语用 mustnt 或 cant。3.考查情态动词的意义 考点快忆 must 必须;have to 不得不;need 必须;需要;can(could)能;可能;may(might)可以;可能;shall，will(would)将;会;愿意;要;should应当。had better(not)+动词原形表示建议;have to/has to/had to 的否定，疑问形式要借助于助动词 do/does/did。There be 的句子结构

21、 There be 是一个存在句型，表示有的意思，肯定句的形式为：There be+名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。be 动词单复数的确定，看 be 后边第一个名词，当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时，be 动词形式为 is;当所接主语为复数名词时，be 动词为 are;当 be 动词后接两个以上主语时，be 动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为某地有某人或某物。如：There is an eraser and two pens on the desk.桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。There are two pens and an eraser on the desk.桌上有两支钢笔和一

22、块橡皮。(1)there be 的否定句，即在 be 的后面加上 not。否定形式为：There be+not+(any)+名词+地点状语。There is not any cat in the room.房间里没猫。There arent any books on the desk.桌子上没书。(2)there be 句型的疑问句就是将 be 提到句首：Be there+(any)+名词+地点状语肯定回答：Yes,there is/are.否定回答：No,there isnt/arent.-Is there a dog in the picture?画上有一只狗吗 -Yes,there is

23、.有。-Are there any boats in the river?河里有船吗 -No,there arent.没有。(3)特殊疑问句：How many.are there(+地点状语)某地有多少人或物回答用 There be.Theres one./There are two/three/some.有时直接就用数字来回答。One./Two.-How many students are there in the classroom?教室里有多少学生 -Theres only one./There are nine.只有一个。/有九个。(4)如果名词是不可数名词，用：How much+不可

24、数名词+is there+地点状语 How much water is there in the cup?杯中有多少水中考对定语从句的考查：1.定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：This is the present that he gave me for my birthday 2.关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾

25、语，定语，关系副词可作状语。1.作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：I dont like people who talk much but do little.The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.2.作宾语：She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.The book that my grandmother gave me is called The Great Escape.3.作定语关

26、系代词 whose 在定语从句中作定语用。例如：Whats the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.4.作状语 Ill never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：The person who broke the window must pay for it.The boy who is we

27、aring the black jacket is very clever.2.whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：Do you know the young man(whom)we met at the gate?Mr Lee(whom)you want to see has come.3.whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.I know the boy whose father is a professor.4.which 指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：A dic

28、tionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.Here is the book(which)the teacher mentioned yesterday.5.that 多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：Ive read the newspaper that(which)carries the important news.Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?6.when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：Ill never forget

29、the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7.where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：This is the house where we lived last year.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.四.关系代词 whom，which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将

30、介词置于定语从句的后面，如：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.=That was theroom which we had lived in for ten years.五.具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1.只能使用 that,不用 which 的情况：(1)先行词是 all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything 等不定代词时。例如：All that he said is true.(2)先行词被 only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如：He is the only for

31、eigner that has been to that place.(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：He was the second(person)that told me the secret.(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。This is the best book(that)I have read this year.(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：He talked about the people and the things he remembered.2.只能用 which，不用 that 的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从中。例如：The meeting was put off,which was exactly what we wanted.(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。