高中定语从句一精选PPT.ppt

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1、关于高中定语从句一现在学习的是第1页，共44页 一一.定语从句定语从句用一个句子来充当定语。用一个句子来充当定语。被修饰的词叫先行词。被修饰的词叫先行词。一.定语从句的基本定义现在学习的是第2页，共44页The boy who is reading is Tom.先行词先行词关系代词关系代词Hospital is a place where a doctor works.先行词先行词关系副词关系副词现在学习的是第3页，共44页三三.关系代词的基本用法和注意点关系代词的基本用法和注意点1.关系代词的基本用法关系代词的基本用法三.1.关系代词的基本用法关系代关系代词词 指代的先指代的先行行词词充当

2、从句的成分充当从句的成分who人人主主语语、宾语宾语whom人人宾语宾语which物物主主语语、宾语宾语that人或物人或物主主语语、宾语宾语、表、表语语whose人或物人或物定定语语现在学习的是第4页，共44页 who指人指人,作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。The man(who)I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.whom指人指人,作宾语，可省略作宾语，可省略。The man(whom)I nodded to is Mr.Li.who,whom现

3、在学习的是第5页，共44页 which 指物，作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省指物，作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。略。These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder（which）he is using ismade in Japan.which现在学习的是第6页，共44页He is the man(that)I told you about.that 指人或物，作主语或宾语。作宾语时，指人或物，作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。可省略。A plane is a machine that can fly.that现在学习的

4、是第7页，共44页whose指人或物指人或物,在定语从句中作定语在定语从句中作定语。不可省略。不可省略。We live in a house whose windows face south.This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.whose现在学习的是第8页，共44页2.关系代词的用法注意点关系代词的用法注意点(1)that和和which都可以指物，但以下都可以指物，但以下5种情况只能种情况只能用用that 不能用不能用which。当先行词中有人又有物时。如：当先行词中有人又有物时。如

5、：Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?2.关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况现在学习的是第9页，共44页当先行词为不定代词当先行词为不定代词all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等时。如：等时。如：This is all that I want from the school.当先行词被当先行词被only,just,very,right,last等修饰等修饰时。如：时。如：This is th

6、e very book that I am looking for these days.现在学习的是第10页，共44页当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.现在学习的是第11页，共44页(2)that和和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用

7、用who。(2)用who不用that的情况先行词为先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时。如：等时。如：All who heard the news were excited.先行词为先行词为those,he和和people时。如：时。如：Those who want to go please sign your names here.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.现在学习的是第12页，共44页(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点引导的定语从句注意点whose引导定语从句，其后引导定语从句，其后+名词，

8、构成名词短语。名词，构成名词短语。whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如：与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如：The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news.(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点现在学习的是第13页，共44页whose的先行词指物时，可用的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但语序不代替，但语序不同，即同，即whose+名词名词=the+名词名词+of which，或，或=of which+the+名词。如：名词。如：The novel whose title(=the title of

9、which或或of which the title)is Red and Black is very interesting.whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。可以指物。现在学习的是第14页，共44页whose的先行词指人时，可用的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，但语序不代替，但语序不同，即同，即whose+名词名词=the+名词名词+of whom，或，或=of whom+the+名词。如：名词。如：The boy whose mother(=the mother of whom或或of whom the mother)is a

10、 doctor is my friend.现在学习的是第15页，共44页(4)关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：Those who are against the plan put up your hands.Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday.Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher

11、yesterday.(4)从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致现在学习的是第16页，共44页The scientist who we met yesterday is very famous whom in the world.that (2)The dress is new.She is wearing it.The dress which she is wearing is new.that (1)The scientist is very famous in the world.We met her yesterday.巩固练习：巩固练习：1.用定语从句合并句子用定语从句合并句子巩固练习1：

12、用定语从句合并句子现在学习的是第17页，共44页(3)He is the kind person.I have ever worked with him.(4)This is the best film.I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person who I have ever worked with.whom that This is the best film that I have ever seen.现在学习的是第18页，共44页1.The girl _is standing next to our teachernext to o

13、ur teacher is her daughter.is her daughter.2.The girl _our teacher is talking with 2.The girl _our teacher is talking with is a famous singer.is a famous singer.3.The girl_ mother is a teacher can speak 3.The girl_ mother is a teacher can speak English English very well.very well.4.I cant find the b

14、ook _is borrowed from 4.I cant find the book _is borrowed from the library.the library.5.I cant find the book _you lent to me.5.I cant find the book _you lent to me.who/that(who/whom/that)(who/whom/that)whosewhosewhich/thatwhich/that(that/which)(that/which)巩固练习：巩固练习：2.用适当的关系词填空用适当的关系词填空巩固练习2：用适当的关系词

15、填空现在学习的是第19页，共44页四四.介词介词+which/whom引导的定语从句引导的定语从句1.介词的选用原则：介词的选用原则：(1)根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。This is the book on which I spent 8 dollars.This is the book for which I paid 8 dollars.四.“介词+which/whom”引导的从句，1.介词选用原则现在学习的是第20页，共44页(2)根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。I remember the day on which

16、 I joined the Party.I remember the days during which I lived there.现在学习的是第21页，共44页2.先行词是人，用介词先行词是人，用介词+whom；先行词是物，用介词；先行词是物，用介词+which；且关系代词不能省略。；且关系代词不能省略。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor.I cant find the pen with which I was writing.2.介词位于关系代词前，关系代词的使用现在学习的是第22页，共44页3.当介词位于定语从句末尾

17、时，可用当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用 which/that(指指物物),who/whom/that(指人指人)作从句中介词的宾语作从句中介词的宾语.而且而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。(whom/who/that)(which/that)Dad is a person_ I can easily talk to.Is this the play _ you were talking about just now?3.介词位于句末，关系代词的使用现在学习的是第23页，共44页4.在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不

18、可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如：如：This is the watch(that/which)I am looking for.The babies(who/whom/that)the nurse is looking after are very healthy.4.含介词的固定搭配动词短语的使用现在学习的是第24页，共44页5.先行词是先行词是the way，意为，意为“方式，方法方式，方法”时时,关系词关系词用用that/in which或省略。或省略。I didnt like the way _ she talked to me.

19、The way _he teaches English is interesting.（that/in which）（that/in which）5.先行词为the way，关系词的使用现在学习的是第25页，共44页五五.关系副词关系副词when,where,why五.关系副词的基本用法关系副关系副词词先行先行词词成分成分when表表时间时间的名的名词词/名名词词组词词组时间时间状状语语where表地点的名表地点的名词词/名名词词组词词组地点状地点状语语why表原因的名表原因的名词词原因状原因状语语现在学习的是第26页，共44页when=介词介词+关系代词关系代词I still remembe

20、r the day when(=on which)I first came to Nanjing.My father was born in the year when(=in which)World War broke out.1.when1.when现在学习的是第27页，共44页where=介词介词+关系代词关系代词This is the farm where(=on which)we worked when we were young.The school where(=in which)his mother teaches is in the west of the city.2.wh

21、ere2.where现在学习的是第28页，共44页why=介词介词+关系代词关系代词There are several reasons why(=for which)the boys should be punished.Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason why(=for which)he was late for school.3.why3.why现在学习的是第29页，共44页4.关系副词的用法注意点关系副词的用法注意点(1)先行词为先行词为time，表，表“次数次数”时，用时，用that 或省略。或省略。This is the first ti

22、me(that)the president has visited the country.(2)当当point,situation,case等作先行词表示等作先行词表示“情况，境情况，境地，场合地，场合”等意思时，用等意思时，用where引导作状语。引导作状语。Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?4.关系副词的用法注意点现在学习的是第30页，共44页Practice:1)October 1,1949 was the day_ (_ _)China was founded.2)Beijing is the pla

23、ce _ (_ _)I came.3)Is this the reason _(_ _)he didnt want to see me?whenon whichwherefrom whichwhyfor which巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空现在学习的是第31页，共44页 4)Is this the room _(_ _)we were living last winter?5)The days are gone _ (_ _)we used“foreign oil”.6)Yesterday,we had a meeting _ (_ _)we discussed many problems.

24、wherein whichwhenduring whichat whichwhere现在学习的是第32页，共44页Compare practice:1.The room _ he once lived is still there.The room _ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.where/in which(that/which)对比练习：用适当的关系词填空现在学习的是第33页，共44页2.I will never forget the day_ I met you.I will never forget the day _

25、we spent together.when/on which(that/which)现在学习的是第34页，共44页 The reason _ I dont know is known to him.(that/which)why/for which3.The reason _ I dont know the thing is that I was not there at that time.现在学习的是第35页，共44页六六.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句1.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句:(1)对先行词解释说明对先行词解释说明 (2),My watch,which is very o

26、ld,stopped again.六.1.非限制性定语从句的定义现在学习的是第36页，共44页2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别This is the best book that I have read.This is a good book,which is easy to understand.2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别现在学习的是第37页，共44页(2)一般用关系代词一般用关系代词as或或which引导。引导。(4)在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代词，而在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。

27、在限制性定语从句中则可以。(3)限制性定语从句可以用限制性定语从句可以用that，而非限制性定语从句则，而非限制性定语从句则不能。不能。现在学习的是第38页，共44页(5)关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语时，关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词前可以有被介词短语所修饰的词。如：介词前可以有被介词短语所修饰的词。如：(6)在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词还可以作介词在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词还可以作介词的宾语。的宾语。He has two daughters,the elder of whom is married.He is ill,in spite of which h

28、e keeps on studying.现在学习的是第39页，共44页3.关系代词关系代词as,which引导非限制定语从句时的区别引导非限制定语从句时的区别(1)as和和which都可指主句的整个意思，而不是主句都可指主句的整个意思，而不是主句中的某一个词。中的某一个词。as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而which引引导的非限制性定语从句一般置于主句之后。导的非限制性定语从句一般置于主句之后。3.as/which引导非限制性定语从句的区别The weather turned

29、out to be very good,which was more than we could expect.As is known to all,the moon travels round the earth.现在学习的是第40页，共44页(2)as多用于下列习惯用语中多用于下列习惯用语中as anybody can seeas is well known=as is known to allas we had expectedas often happensas has been said beforeas is mentioned above现在学习的是第41页，共44页4.“介词介

30、词+关系代词关系代词”结构引导非限制性定语从句，一结构引导非限制性定语从句，一般有以下几种结构：般有以下几种结构：(1)名词名词+介词介词+关系代词：关系代词：They live in a house,the door of which faces south.4.“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句的几种结构(2)代词代词+介词介词+关系代词：关系代词：There are four students in the classroom,all of whom are working hard.现在学习的是第42页，共44页(3)数词数词+介词介词+关系代词：关系代词：Last Sunday I bought a book from the bookstore,three of which were English novels.(4)形容词比较级形容词比较级/最高级最高级+介词介词+关系代词：关系代词：China has thousands of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan.现在学习的是第43页，共44页感感谢谢大大家家观观看看现在学习的是第44页，共44页