齐鲁医学呼吸系统--组织学和胚胎学.pptx

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1、 Respiratory Respiratory systemsystem2021/7/27 星期二1Respiratory system2021/7/27 星期二2n nNasal cavity,pharynx&larynx.n nTrachea&bronchi.n nLung.2021/7/27 星期二3一、一、trachea2021/7/27 星期二4mucosasubmucosaadventitiatrachea trachea(HE)(HE)Mixed glandMixed gland2021/7/27 星期二5EM:epithelium of trachea4.Small gran

2、ule C4.Small granule C1.Ciliated C1.Ciliated C2.Brush C2.Brush C3.Goblet C3.Goblet C5.Basal C5.Basal C2021/7/27 星期二6The wall of trachea1.1.Mucosa=epithelium+lamina propriaMucosa=epithelium+lamina propriauu pseudostratiated ciliated columnar pseudostratiated ciliated columnaruu Ciliated Ciliated C,go

3、blet,goblet C,brush,brush C,basal basal C,small granular,small granular C.2.Submucosa=2.Submucosa=CT+mixed glandsmixed glands3.Adventitia=16-20 3.Adventitia=16-20 C shaped shaped hayline hayline cartilage rings.cartilage rings.2021/7/27 星期二7n n atmosphere&atmosphere&alveolialveolin n alveoli&alveoli

4、&blood blood(blood&tissue)(blood&tissue)Gas exchangeGas exchangebronchiolelunglung二、二、lunglung2021/7/27 星期二8Lung Low powerLow power2021/7/27 星期二9lungn nparenchyma:bronchial trees&alveoli.parenchyma:bronchial trees&alveoli.uuPrincipal bronchi(Principal bronchi(Br)lobular)lobular、segmental segmental B

5、rsmaller smaller Brbronchioleterminal bronchiolebronchioleterminal bronchiolerespiratory bronchiolerespiratory bronchiolealveolar ductalveolar duct、alveolar sacalveoli.alveolar sacalveoli.uuConduction portion:above terminal Conduction portion:above terminal bronchioles.bronchioles.uuRespiratory port

6、ion:respiratory Respiratory portion:respiratory bronchiole to alveoli.bronchiole to alveoli.uuPulmonary lobulePulmonary lobule:bronchiole and:bronchiole and its ramifications.its ramifications.2021/7/27 星期二10Conduction portionConduction portionConduction portionConduction portionlobular Br&small Brl

7、obular Br&small Brlobular Br&small Brlobular Br&small BrEpitheliumGoblet CGlandsCartilage plateSMC2021/7/27 星期二11Conduction portionConduction portionbronchiole&bronchiole&terminal brochioleterminal brochioleSimple ciliated columnar.Goblet C（）（）Gland （）（）Cartilage plate （）（）SMC2021/7/27 星期二12Rules of

8、 structural variance in conducting portionRules of structural variance in conducting portionSmall BrSmall BrSmall BrSmall Brbronchiolbronchiolbronchiolbronchiole e e eTerminal Terminal Terminal Terminal bronchiolebronchiolebronchiolebronchioleEpi Epi Epi Epi PseudostratifiePseudostratifiePseudostrat

9、ifiePseudostratified d d dCiliated Ciliated Ciliated Ciliated columnar columnar columnar columnar Simple Simple Simple Simple ciliated ciliated ciliated ciliated columnarcolumnarcolumnarcolumnarSimple Simple Simple Simple columnarcolumnarcolumnarcolumnar*claraclaraclaraclaracellcellcellcellGoblet Go

10、blet Goblet Goblet C C +/-+/-+/-+/-Mixed Mixed Mixed Mixed glandglandglandgland+/-+/-+/-+/-CartilagCartilagCartilagCartilage platee platee platee plate+/-+/-+/-+/-SMCSMCSMCSMC+2021/7/27 星期二13Respiratory portionRespiratory portionRespiratory portionRespiratory portionRespiratory bronchioleRespiratory

11、 bronchioleRespiratory bronchioleRespiratory bronchioleThe wall is interruptedThe wall is interruptedSimple cuboidal Epi,Simple cuboidal Epi,clara Cclara CSMCSMC2021/7/27 星期二14Respiratory portionRespiratory portionRespiratory portionRespiratory portionAlveolar duct&alveolar Alveolar duct&alveolar Al

12、veolar duct&alveolar Alveolar duct&alveolar sacsacsacsacThe wall,many alveoliThe wall,many alveoli SMCSMC*Simple cuboidalSimple cuboidal,squamous,squamousAlveolar ductAlveolar ductAlveolar sacAlveolar sacNo SMCNo SMC*2021/7/27 星期二15Respiratory portionRespiratory portionalveolusalveolus肺泡管肺泡管Simple a

13、lveolar Epi.2021/7/27 星期二16(1)(1)Respiratory portionn n#constituentsconstituents：respiratory respiratory bronchiolebronchiole，alveolar ductalveolar duct，alveolar sacalveolar sac，alveolusalveolus。1.Respiratory bronchiole1.Respiratory bronchioleuuThe wall,few alveoli open The wall,few alveoli open int

14、o.into.uuSimple cuboidal Epi,SMC.Simple cuboidal Epi,SMC.2021/7/27 星期二17(2)(2)Respiratory portion2.2.Alveolar duct&alveolar sacAlveolar duct&alveolar sacuuThe wall,many alveoli open into.The wall,many alveoli open into.uuKnobs in the wall of alveolar duct Knobs in the wall of alveolar duct uuKnobs i

15、s sphincter-like SMC.Knobs is sphincter-like SMC.2021/7/27 星期二18(3)(3)Respiratory portion3.alveolus:3.alveolus:uu type type I alveolar alveolar Cuu type type II alveolar Cuu alveolar septum.alveolar septum.2021/7/27 星期二19Type II alveolar CmacrophageElastic fiber2021/7/27 星期二20type I alveolar C2021/7

16、/27 星期二21Type II alveolar COsmiophilic Multilamellar bodiesOsmiophilic Multilamellar bodies2021/7/27 星期二22blood-air barrier2021/7/27 星期二23Alveolin nType I celluusquamoussquamous,covered most surface,covered most surface of the alveoli.of the alveoli.n nType II celluuLM:round or cuboidal,cell body ro

17、und or cuboidal,cell body protrude into the lumen.protrude into the lumen.uuEM:osmiophilic multilamellar osmiophilic multilamellar body,body,with abundant phospholipids.with abundant phospholipids.uuFunctions:secret Functions:secret surfactant,surfactant,reduce surface tension,stabilize reduce surfa

18、ce tension,stabilize alveoli.alveoli.2021/7/27 星期二24n nAlveolar septum:Alveolar septum:continuous continuous Cap.,elastic fiber.macrophage dust elastic fiber.macrophage dust C.blood-air barrierblood-air barrier includes includes:1.mucus layer on surface of alveoli1.mucus layer on surface of alveoli2

19、.type 2.type I alveolar alveolar C3.BM of alveolar 3.BM of alveolar C4.delicate layer of 4.delicate layer of CT5.continuous 5.continuous Cap.BM BM6.continuous 6.continuous Cap.Endothelium.Endothelium.2021/7/27 星期二25TerminalbronchioleRespiratorybronchioleAlveolar ductAlveolar ductAlveolar sac1 12 23

20、34 42021/7/27 星期二26Rules of structural variance in respiratory portionRules of structural variance in respiratory portionwallwallwallwallEpi.Epi.Epi.Epi.SMCSMCSMCSMCRespiratory Respiratory Respiratory Respiratory bronchiolebronchiolebronchiolebronchioleNot integratedNot integratedNot integratedNot i

21、ntegratedAlveoli open Alveoli open Alveoli open Alveoli open Simple columanSimple columanSimple columanSimple columanSimple cuboidalSimple cuboidalSimple cuboidalSimple cuboidalthinthinthinthinAlveolar Alveolar Alveolar Alveolar ductductductductMany alveoli Many alveoli Many alveoli Many alveoli ope

22、n into open into open into open into Simple cuboidalSimple cuboidalSimple cuboidalSimple cuboidalA fewA fewA fewA fewAlveolar Alveolar Alveolar Alveolar sacsacsacsac of alveoli of alveoli of alveoli of alveoli Alveolar Epi.Alveolar Epi.Alveolar Epi.Alveolar Epi.nonononoalveolusalveolusalveolusalveol

23、usIrregular Irregular Irregular Irregular vesicularvesicularvesicularvesicularAlveolar Epi.Alveolar Epi.Alveolar Epi.Alveolar Epi.nononono2021/7/27 星期二27Alveolar epithelial cellshapeshapeshapeshapecytoplasmcytoplasmcytoplasmcytoplasmfunctionsfunctionsfunctionsfunctionsType Type I Isquamoussquamoussq

24、uamoussquamousPhagocytotic Phagocytotic Phagocytotic Phagocytotic vesiclevesiclevesiclevesicleCovered 95%of the Covered 95%of the Covered 95%of the Covered 95%of the surface of alveoli to surface of alveoli to surface of alveoli to surface of alveoli to benefit gas exchange.benefit gas exchange.bene

25、fit gas exchange.benefit gas exchange.Type Type IIIIroundroundroundroundcuboidalcuboidalcuboidalcuboidalOsmiophilic Osmiophilic Osmiophilic Osmiophilic multilamellar multilamellar multilamellar multilamellar bodybodybodybodySecret surfactant to Secret surfactant to Secret surfactant to Secret surfac

26、tant to reduce surface tension reduce surface tension reduce surface tension reduce surface tension and stabilize the and stabilize the and stabilize the and stabilize the alveoli.alveoli.alveoli.alveoli.Type IType I cell can not regenerate.cell can not regenerate.Type II cell can differentiate into Type IType II cell can differentiate into Type I cell.*2021/7/27 星期二28keypointsn nThe basic structure of trachea.n nHistologic structure of conduction portion.n nHistologic structure of respiratory portion.n nEsp.the alveolar epithelium2021/7/27 星期二292021/7/27 星期二30