《2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测》专题四　猜测词义（讲解部分）.pptx

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1、方法技巧一、猜测词义类题目常见的设问方式1.The word“.”refers to/probably means.2.The underlined word“.”could best be replaced by.3.What do you think the expression“.”stands for?4.By saying“.”we mean.5.“.”as used in the passage can best be defined as.6.Which of the following words can take the place of the word“.”?,二、猜测词

2、义类题目常用的解题方法(一)猜测代词指代意义典例1(2019课标全国, A片段)My Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will se-ries(系列) of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahls writing and it gave me

3、 a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds. Matildas battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening, but theyre also aspirational.,解析根据第一段可知本文是作者Jo Usmar的书评。再根据文中“I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roa

4、ld Dahls writing and it gave me.”可推断出“I”指代的具体人物。,Who does “I” refer to in the text?A.Stephen King.B.Gillian Flynn.C.Jo Usmar.D.Roald Dahl.,答案C,(二)猜测画线单词或短语含义1.利用定义语来猜测词义在许多情况下,作者估计某个词一般读者不熟悉,则会在文章中给出该词的定义或解释。这种解释可能是一种重复说明或定义。通过阅读定义和解释部分,读者便可理解该词的基本含义。线索词有that、which、is等。,典例2Ventilation, as you know,

5、is a system or means of providing fresh air. It plays a very important part in the field of engineering.,解析句中ventilation可能是个生词,但 is 后面是对该词的明确定义。什么系统或什么手段才能提供新鲜空气呢?由此推断ventilation意为“通风系统”。,2.利用同位语来猜测词义通常引出该词同位语的词或短语有or、that is、in other words等,还有的同位语以括号或破折号的形式出现。在这些标记词后考生可较易找到同画线词意义相同或相近的词。典例3Before t

6、he main business of a conference begins, the chairman usual-ly makes a short preliminary speech, or make a few preliminary remarks. In other words, he says a few things by way of introduction.,解析根据下文的线索词In other words和其后面的内容可推断preliminary speech 的意思是在开会之前主席所做的一些简单的介绍,或者说是“开场白”。,典例4In fact, only abou

7、t 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today.,解析由同位语an endangered wild cat可迅速推断生词ocelots指一种濒临灭绝的野猫。,3.利用文章中的举例来猜测词义在阅读理解中考生可以根据文章所举的例子,从具体到一般,猜出该生词的意思。,典例5The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular

8、issues such as rela-tionship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.,解析根据such as 后面列举的一系列例子可推断句中的issues 应该是指“议题”。,4.利用对比或比较的词语来猜测词义当作者

9、强调的事物之间有区别或对立时往往会运用对比的手法,即运用有对比关系的词语,例如反义词,也可以暗示出生词的含义。注意这些词语和内容则能帮助判断所需内容。能体现对比关系或比较关系的词汇很多,主要有but、yet、however、while、unlike、instead、like、similarly、on the other hand、on the contrary、in contrast to等。标点符号中的分号也可表示对比。,典例6A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a bas-ket of fun.A.A party designed by specialists.B.A plan requiring careful thought.C.A situation causing difficulty or trouble.D.A demand made by guests.,解析根据分号可知句子前后为对比关系,这里hassle 和 a basket of fun 是相反的意义,由此推断答案为C。,典例7Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.,