（新高考）2021届高考二轮精品专题八 语法填空 学生版.docx

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1、专题八××语法填空命题趋势 从近三年高考来看，语法填空的考点分布如下：一、有提示词类：设置7个小题高频考点谓语动词12题：考查时态、语态及主谓一致，其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题，答案最多三个单词。非谓语动词13题：考查不定式、动名词与分词，每种最多设1题。派生词13题：考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。名词01题：主要考查可数名词的复数，也可能会考查名词的所有格。形容词和副词类01题：主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换，以及其比较级或最高级。低频考点代词：01题。一般给出人称代词的主格，要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代

2、词、反身代词等。二、无提示词类：设置3个小题高频考点介词01题：重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介词，一般不涉及短语介词。冠词01题：重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠词，一般不涉及零冠词。从属关联词02题：侧重于定语从句的引导词。此外，名词性从句、状语从句的引导词也偶有涉及。低频考点并列连词01题：并列句的关联词也偶有涉及。其他01题：包括助动词(如强调谓语动词的do，does，did；构成部分倒装的do，does，did；构成一般疑问句的do，does，did)，构成强调结构的it或that，连接性副词(before，ago，however，anyway.)等。考点清单一

3、、如何应对提示词为动词题【思维流程】【高考典例】1.（2020·全国II卷）This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers (carry) special significance.【答案】carries【解析】考查一般现在时和主谓一致。why引导表语从句，从句中主语为动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，由整篇文章语境可知，此处应用一般现在时，故填carries。2.（2020·全国III卷）The next morning he hired a boat and set out (find) the

4、well-known painter.【答案】to find【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示出发去做某事应用短语set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。二、如何应对提示词为其他词题【思维流程】【高考典例】1.（2020·全国III卷）One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their (fine) work, so

5、 that he could choose the best.【答案】finest【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”，此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。2.（2020·浙江卷）Later，they learned to work with the (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irri

6、gate(灌溉)their fields.【答案】seasons【解析】考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons。3. （2020·山东卷）Historical (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.【答案】accuracy【解析】句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处作主语，位于形容词historical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。三、如何应对纯空格题【思维

7、流程】【高考典例】1.(2019·新课标II卷)I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made_(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, _ because I want to.”【答案】but【解析】根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not 呼应，构成“不是而是 ”之意，故

8、填but。2.（2020·浙江卷1月）This aging of the population is driven two factors.【答案】by【解析】考查介词。句意：人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由；被”应用介词by。故填by。 精题集训（60分钟）经典训练题（一）Like many other students, you may have various people, _1_ (include) family members and friends, giving input on your college decision.While many of your

9、trusted relatives and peers(同龄人) may have very _2_(value) advice that can help you to make the decision, finally the choice is yours and yours alone.Only you can fully realize which aspects of a college will make you truly happy and _3_ (satisfy) so keep that at the front of your mind.Moreover, full

10、y consider each option. It can be easy _4_(let) a particular school become a front-runner early on _5_ your decision-making process, and it may even become the winning choice but be sure to carefully evaluate every school _6_ has accepted you, since you had particular reasons for applying to each sc

11、hool.Do keep _7_ open mind. Students can change majors, but remember that there's no re-living a certain semester(学期), and there's no making up for lost time. Don't go to a school _8_(specific) for a high school relationship _9_ to make someone else happy. A _10_ (student) college experi

12、ence is his or her own, and the student must put his or her education first.高频易错题 (二)Smile is a universal language, which _11_ (use) throughout the world. However, the meaning of a smile in different cultures may be different. Depending on different cultures, smiling can express joy and _12_ (amuse)

13、, but it can also indicate embarrassment. The following examples show this point of view. In an attempt to be open and _13_ (friend), people in the United States smile a lot. Every one smiles at each other and this nonverbal communication shows being polite in the United States. But in China, smilin

14、g is not only _14_ expression of happiness, but also a way to avoid _15_(be) embarrassed. Chinese people like smiling when they are embarrassed in order to avoid embarrassment. Smiling is a kind of good will but not sneer (嘲笑). For example: When a child falls off from a bike, the adults in China may

15、 smile, _16_ is a kind of gentle encouragement and may not be a kind of impolite laugh.The laugh is _17_ (relate) to the smile. Also, different cultures have various _18_ (meaning) about laugh. Americans can enjoy a very heartfelt belly (腹部) laugh that comes _19_ the deepest emotions while most Chin

16、ese may think _20_ silly to laugh that way.（三）The earliest exiting collection of Chinese poetry, Shi Jing (Book of Songs), _21_(date) back to as early as the 11th century BC, but the history of Chinese poetry may be even longer than that._22_(develop) and changing for thousands of years, Chinese poe

17、try is like a beautiful and fathomless ocean to _23_ Chinese-speaking people couldnt help but keep being drawn.The very ancient poetry that was written 1000 or more years ago was simpler and about common things _24_ love, romance and nature that people appreciate._25 _much poetry was written in the

18、eras following the Song Dynasty, it is thought the poets became _26_(increase) academic and abstract so that modern Chinese cant appreciate the style and meaning.For foreigners, ancient Chinese poetry is more difficult to understand. One of the reasons is the nature of Chinese characteristics_27_(th

19、ey).Often the words have many meanings, and this make the translation of Chinese into English _28_key part of reading and understanding Chinese poetry. Put simply, good translation is essential to fully understand Chinese poems.If the greatest Chinese poets_29_(name), Du Fu and Li Bai of Tang Dynast

20、y who were _30_(contemporary) and who both traveled widely in China often come up on top. Along with them, another famous ancient poet is Su Shi of the Song Dynasty.（四）The idea of inviting the public to take part in scientific studies is known as “citizen science”. Anyone _31_ helps scientists do th

21、e job is called a “citizen scientist”. What can you get if you become a citizen scientist?A sense of purpose! Citizen science projects can help you make good use of _32_ (you) time.Fun times! You never know what might _33 _ (find).More education! Learn about some _34_ (attract) things while doing sc

22、ientific jobs.When you're having fun in the park and see a bird, why not take a picture of it? With a simple click, you could be helping scientists! Shanghai Natural History Museum has _35_app called “Find Nature". People can upload sounds, _36_ （photo）and locations of animals if they see t

23、hem around their city. Scientists can use these data _37_ （study）city animals and better protect them.In fact, people just like you can help out with many scientific studies. For example, scientists always spend many years _38_ （discover） every kind of ladybug （瓢虫）in the world. But if we share our o

24、wn pictures of ladybugs with scientists, they can find them much _39_（fast）. As one old saying goes, "Many hands make light work”.Of course, there is more to study than just animals. There are many other fun projects, such _40_ watching stars and clouds, counting penguins and even listening to

25、laughs. You'll find that science is fun and is for everyone!（五）The Guardian gave us the bad news that red and processed meat can shorten life. But The Daily Telegraph provided the good news that exchanging one portion(部分)of red meat a day 41 fish or nuts could cut the risk of early death by almo

26、st a fifth.Both headlines 42 (put) forward by a major new study into diet and health 43 (outcome). Researchers looked at changes in diet for more than 50, 000 women and 27, 000 men in the US, over 16 years.They found that those 44 had changed their diet to include more red meat 45 (be) around 10%mor

27、e likely to die during the study. While reducing red meat alone did not result in lower risk of death, eating other food such as fish or nuts did 46 (slight) reduce the risk of death.We still need to be 47 (care) about the findings. This study cannot tell us for sure that red meat or changes in red

28、meat 48 (consume) are the direct cause of changes in length of life. But 49 results support existing healthy eating advice 50 (limit) red and processed meat, and to eat plenty of vegetables, fruit and other protein sources such as nuts and legumes(豆类).（六）After declining in the 1970s, panda numbers a

29、re gradually on the rise again. The panda was once widespread throughout southeastern China. However, decreasing habitats, _51_ (nature) disasters such as the earthquakes in Sichuan, and _52_ species unwillingness to breed see the black-and-white bear become an object of protection.Thanks _53_ a gro

30、wing network of reserves and community protection actions, pandas are no longer _54_ (endanger), but the biggest hope for their long-term _55_ (survive) is the Giant Panda National Park which will be open in the coming months. _56_ (cover) around 10,500 square miles, the park will form a wildlife co

31、rridor in central Sichuan Province. At the edge of the Tibetan Plateau, Sichuan _57_ (attract) a large number of travelers over the years. In fact, its home to more than 80% of the worlds wild pandas.The park is a daring step _58_ is aimed at preserving the countrys unique wonders and encouraging mo

32、re wildlife tourism. _59_ (actual), supporting rather than transporting local communities has been a challenge for the US during the formation of its national parks system, and it remains _60_ (see) if China will be able to strike a sustainable balance. But for the pandas at least, it announces a pr

33、omising advance for protection in a region.参考答案【答案】1. including 2.valuable 3.satisfied 4.to let 5.in/during6. that 7.an 8.specifically 9.or 10.student's【解析】本篇为说明文，主要讲的是高中生在决定上哪所大学时的建议要自己做决定，并考虑清楚每种可能的选择，以及保持开阔的思想。1.考查词性转换。动词include转换为介词including，意为“包括”。2.考查词性转换。此处修饰修饰名词advice，所以将value转换为形容词valua

34、ble（宝贵的）。3.考查形容词。此处与前面的形容词happy并列作宾语补足语(make sb.+adj.)，所以动词satisfy转换为形容词satisfied（满意的）。4.考查非谓语动词。本句为it is to do结构，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式为真正的主语。5.考查介词，表示“在过程中”，用in/during.process。注意本句中early on为一个短语，意为“在初期；在开始阶段；早先”，这里的on与process没有关系。6.考查定语从句。定语从句.has accepted you缺主语，用that作主语，指代先行词school，因先行词前有every修饰，一般用tha

35、t而不用which。7.考查冠词。句意：一定要保持开放的心态。因open是元音开头，用an。8.考查词性转换。句意：不要特意为了高中的感情关系或是为了让别人开心而去某所大学。故形容词specific转换为副词specifically ，意为“特意；专门地”。9.考查连词。“for a high school relationship”与“to make someone else happy”为选择关系，所以填or（或者）。10.考查名词所有格。表示“学生的”，用 students。句意：学生的大学经历是他或她自己的，必须把教育放在首位。【答案】11. is used 12. amusement

36、 13. friendly 14. an 15. being 16. which 17. related 18. meanings 19. from 20. it/it's【解析】11.考查被动语态。句意：微笑是世界语言，在全世界被广泛使用。但是，在不同的文化中，微笑的意思是不同的。12.考查名词。该空在句中和joy并列，做express的宾语，故要用名词。13.考查形容词。friendly是形容词，和open并列，做be的表语。14.考查冠词。句意：微笑不仅仅是快乐的表示，而且是避免尴尬的方式。expression意为“表达，表示，表现”，是可数名词。结合句意，该处应用不定冠词。且e

37、xpression的发音开头是元音音素，故该空应填不定冠词an。15.考查非谓语动词。avoid意为“避免”，后面接名词或动名词做宾语。16.考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“_is a kind of gentle encouragement and may not be a kind of impolite laugh”是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，引导词在从句中做主语，故要用关系代词which引导该从句。17.考查介词。be related to意为“和有关”，是固定搭配。18.考查名词。meaning意为“意思”，是可数名词，该空前有different修饰，故要填复数形式。19

38、.考查介词。come from 来自于。20.考查代词。it在句中做形式宾语，指代“to laugh that way”。另外，“_silly to laugh that way”还可看作think的宾语从句，在该从句中，it是形式主语，代指“to laugh that way”，is是系动词。【答案】21. dates 22. Developing 23. which 24. like 25. Though/Although/While26. increasingly 27. themselves 28. a 29. are named 30. contemporaries/contempo

39、rary【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的古代诗歌以及著名的诗人。21.考查动词时态。句意：中国最早的诗歌集诗经可以追溯到公元前11世纪，但是中国诗歌的历史可能更长。根据句意，句子用一般现在时。分析句子可知，此处填谓语动词，主语Shi Jing为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填dates。22.考查非谓语现在分词。句意：中国诗歌千百年来的发展变化，犹如一片美丽深邃的海洋，不断吸引着说汉语的人们。and连接两个并列的成分，根据changing可知，此处应用develop的现在分词developing，作状语，（动词develop和主语Chinese poetry是主动关系，）注意首字母大写

40、，故填Developing。23.考查定语从句。句意：中国诗歌千百年来的发展变化，犹如一片美丽深邃的海洋，不断吸引着说汉语的人们。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为a beautiful and fathomless ocean， be drawn to意为“被吸引”，介词to+关系代词 which引导从句，which指代 先行词，做to的宾语。故填which。24.考查介词。句意：写于1000多年前的非常古老的诗歌比较简单，是关于人们欣赏的爱情、浪漫和自然之类的普通事物。分析句子可知，此处列举哪些是诗歌经常写作的内容，介词like意为“像；比如”，符合句意。故填like。25.考查从

41、属连词。句意：虽然宋代以后的诗歌创作很多，但由于诗人的学术性和抽象性越来越强，使得现代汉语不能欣赏诗歌的风格和意义。后文“it is thought the poets became _(increase) academic and abstract so that modern Chinese cant appreciate the style and meaning.”和前文“much poetry was written in the eras following the Song Dynasty”语义转折，所以应用从属连词though或although或while引导让步状语从句，注意

42、首字母大写，故填Though/Although/While。26.考查副词。句意：虽然宋代以后的诗歌创作很多，但由于诗人的学术性和抽象性越来越强，使得现代汉语不能欣赏诗歌的风格和意义。修饰形容词应用副词，increase是动词，increasing是形容词，副词为 increasingly。故填increasingly。27.考查反身代词。句意：原因之一是中国特色的本质。分析句子可知，此处应用反身代词，作Chinese characteristics的同位语，起强调作用。故填themselves。28.考查冠词。句意：这些词通常有很多含义，这使得汉英翻译成为阅读和理解中国诗歌的一个关键部分。空

43、格后的名词part是可数名词单数，所以应用不定冠词限定，泛指“一个关键部分”，因所连接的形容词key为辅音音素开头，故填a。29.考查时态语态。句意：如果说中国最伟大的诗人是谁，唐代的杜甫和李白，他们同时代，在中国游历甚广，往往名列前茅。根据句意可判断为被动语态，谓语动词name“说出的名字；列举”与主语 poets之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，结构为be+动词的过去分词。根据句意，本句这一部分应为一般现在时，故填are named。30.考查名词和形容词。句意：如果说中国最伟大的诗人是谁，唐代的杜甫和李白，他们同时代，在中国游历甚广，往往名列前茅。分析句子可知，此处contemporary可

44、作为名词使用，意为“同时代的人”，根据were可判断为复数，作表语；contemporary也可作为形容词使用，作表语。故填contemporaries/contemporary。【答案】31. who/that 32. your 33. be found 34. attractive 35. an36. photos 37. to study 38. discovering 39. faster 40. as【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是“公民科学”及其意义。31.考查定语从句。句意：任何帮助科学家做这项工作的人都被称为“公民科学家”。Anyone _ helps scientis

45、ts do the job是定语从句，先行词是Anyone，指人，在从句中作主语，用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。32.考查代词。句意：公民科学项目可以帮助你充分利用你的时间。此处用形容词性物主代词your作定语修饰名词time。故填your。33.考查语态。句意：你永远不知道会发现什么。宾语从句主语what和从句谓语动词find是被动关系，结合情态动词might可知，用情态动词的被动语态（might be done），用be done形式。故填be found。34.考查形容词。句意：在做科学工作的同时学习一些有吸引力的东西。此处用形容词attractive（有吸引力的）作

46、定语修饰名词things。故填attractive。35.考查冠词。句意：上海自然历史博物馆有一个名为“寻找自然”的应用程序。此处泛指“一个名为“寻找自然”的应用程序”，app以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an表泛指。故填an。36.考查名词的数。句意：人们可以上传声音，照片和动物的位置，如果他们看到他们周围的城市的话。and前后的名词sounds和locations都是名词复数形式表泛指，可数名词photo也用复数形式表泛指。故填photos。37.考查动词不定式。句意：科学家可以利用这些数据来研究城市动物，更好地保护它们。由句意可知，此处用动词不定式（to do）做目的状语，use sth.

47、to do sth.（用某物做某事）。故填to study。38.考查动名词。句意：例如，科学家们总是花很多年的时间发现世界上每一种瓢虫。固定搭配spend(in) doing sth.（花做某事），用动名词（doing）形式。故填discovering。39.考查比较级。句意：但是如果我们和科学家分享我们自己的瓢虫图片，他们可以更快地找到它们。结合句意和“much +比较级”可知，此处用副词比较级faster（更快地）作状语修饰动词find。故填faster。40.考查固定搭配。句意：还有很多其他有趣的项目，比如看星星和云，数企鹅，甚至听笑声。固定搭配such as（例如）。故填as。【答案】41.for42.were put43.outcomes44.who/that45.were46.slightly47.careful48.consumption49.the50.to limit【解析】41.考查介词。exchange.for.是固定搭配，意为“