（新高考）2021届高考二轮精品专题四 定语从句 教师版.docx

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1、专题四××定语从句命题趋势定语从句是高中英语三大类从句中最难的一类，其难点主要在于很多学生在学习时分不清先行词，不能正确使用关系代词、关系副词。因此在学习定语从句时，务必搞清定语从句的概念、关系词的正确选择和使用情况等。2021年新高考定语从句的考查还将是对关系代词和关系副词的考查，并且仍将不会仅单纯考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。对于定语从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：1.引导限制性定语从句的关系词；2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词；3.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；4.介词+关系代词的用法；5.不定代词/数词+of which/whom

2、引导的非限制性定语从句及其该结构与并列句的判断；6.关系词之间的异同现象及选用。考点清单一、关系代词一览表关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom，which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working.The boy(whom) she loved died in the war.whose人/物定语I like thos

3、e books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate.that人/物主语宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star(that) I want to see very much.which物主语宾语The book(which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人/物主语宾语He

4、 is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.as做宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on whichwhere地点地点状语This is the house where I was born.可用in whichwhy原因原因状语I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for which二、

5、that与which，who，whom的用法区别1. that和which的用法区别在定语从句中，关系代词which和that都可指物，一般情况下，可以互换使用。但在下列情况下值得注意：（1）只能用that而不能用which的情形：当先行词为：all，little，few，much，none及some-，any-，no-，every-与thing所组成的复合单词时，只能用that。如：There is nothing that will stop us making progress.当先行词前面有only，some，any，no，every，little，few，much，all，very等

6、形容词修饰时，只能用that。如：This is the only problem that we cant work out.当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能用that。如：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.当先行词同时包括人和物时，只能用that。如：Lu Xun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great. 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时，只能用that。如：This is a book that I have been l

7、ooking for since last week. 当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时，只能用that。如：Which is the picture that you drew yesterday?（2）只能用which而不能用that的情形：当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时，只能用which。如：The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing.关系代词前面有介词时，只能用which。如：The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down.先行词为代词t

8、hat或that所修饰时，只能用which。如：I dont take that which is too expensive. 2. who(whom)和that的用法区别详解在定语从句中，关系代词who(whom)和that都可指人和物，在一般情况下，可以互换使用，但在下列情况下值得注意：（1）用who(whom)而不用that的情形在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时，只能用who(whom)。如：My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas.当定语从句对指

9、人的先行词进行隔位修饰时，只能用who(whom)。如：Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 当先行词为people和those时，只能用who(whom)。如：Those who want to go there come here please. 当先行词为one，ones，anyone，everyone，none，all（指人）时，只能用who(whom)。如：Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 先行词指人，而关系代词在从句

10、中作主语时，一般多用who。如：The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days. 在there be句型中名词作先行词的定语从句多用于关系代词who(whom)。如：There are students in our class who/whom you have not met.当句子中两个指人的先行词分别带有两个定语从句时，若一个定语从句的引导词为that，那么，另一个定语从句的引导词必定为who。如：The boy that you met just now is Li Mings brothe

11、r who just graduated from a university.（2）用that而不用who(whom)的情形当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，引导词只能用that。如：The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong. 当先行词前面有only，some，any，no，every，little，few，much，all，very等形容词修饰时，引导词只能用that。如：He is the only student that said “no” to the teacher. 当主句是

12、以who开头的特殊疑问句时，引导词只能用that。如：Who is woman that you talked with just now?the same as与the same thatthe same as所引导定语从句的内容与先行词同类而不同物；the same that表示所引导的从句内容与先行词同类同物，即：同一事物。如：She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago. 她正穿着我几天前所丢失的上衣。（暗含：她偷了我的上衣）She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few day

13、s ago. 她正穿着跟我几天前所丢失的上衣同样的上衣。（暗含：她所穿的上衣不是我所丢失的那一件）三、关系副词引导的定语从句1、关系副词一览表关系副词when时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on whichwhere地点地点状语This is the house where I was born.可用in whichwhy原因原因状语I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for which四、“介词+关系代词”以及关系副词引导的定语从句1.概述“

14、介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句多用于正式文体，使用的关系代词一般是which。whom既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句。常见的有以下几种结构：（1）介词+关系代词Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.=Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice. （2）名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, three of which were Englis

15、h novels. =Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, of which three were English novels. （3）形容词最高级+介词+关系代词China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. （4）介词+关系代词+名词I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologized. 我叫错了他的名字，为此我向他表示了歉意。（不能使用whose）2.关系代词的选择用于“

16、介词+关系代词”结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom，指物时只能用which，即介词+which/whom。 精题集训（70分钟）经典训练题一、单句语法填空1.（2020·全国I卷）China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知，从句“it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth”

17、不缺主谓宾，缺状语，而先行词spot为地点，故填where。2.（2020·全国III卷）In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike. 【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。3.（2019·浙江卷）On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth gives off light in t

18、he dark.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。4.（2019·全国卷）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _ she opened with her late husband Les.【答案】which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一

19、词的宾语，故用which。5.（2019·全国卷）They were well trained by their masters _ had great experience with caring for these animals.【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。6.（2018·全国II卷）When the government started a soil-testing program _ gives specific fertili

20、zer recommendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。7.（2018·浙江）Many westerners _ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how chea

21、p it can be to eat out.【答案】who/that【解析】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners，指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。8. He is the only person in his company _ is invited to the party.【答案】that【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：他是他公司里唯一一个被邀请参加聚会的人。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词person，且先行词前有the only修饰，所以填that。9. Do you know the rea

22、son _ she refused the invitation?【答案】why【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：你知道她拒绝邀请的理由吗？分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the reason，且定语从句中缺少原因状语，所以填why。10. We are living in an age _ the society develops rapidly.【答案】when【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：我们生活在一个社会快速发展的时代。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是an age，且定语从句中缺少时间状语，所以填when。11. Dr. Rowan, _ secre

23、tary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。“_ secretary resigned two weeks ago”是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“的”，应用关系代词whose引导该从句。12. Many lessons are now available online, from _ students can choose for free.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。

24、句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。13. We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true.【答案】when【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个人人有最大可能实现梦想的时代。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以关系词用when。14. Self-driving is an area _ China and

25、the rest of the world are on the same starting line.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：无人驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都站在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。15. After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, turned out to be a wise decision. 【答案】which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。从句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句

26、，在从句中作主语，因此用which引导从句。6. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, is named after his grandfather. 【答案】which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词a village school在从句中作主语，因此用which引导从句。17. Whenever I met her, was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. 【答案】which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句

27、，定语从句插人在主句中间，因此用which引导从句。18. She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before. 【答案】whom【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。指人的先行词her three friends在从句中作介词of的宾语，因此用whom引导从句。19. Mozarts birthplace and the house he composed “The Magic Flute” are both museums now.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。先行词the house在从句中作地点状语，简单

28、句是：he composed “The Magic Flute” in the house，因此用where引导从句。20. Shell never forget her stay there she found her son who had gone missing two years before. 【答案】when【解析】考查定语从句。先行词her stay在从句she found her son中作时间状语。She found her son during her stay there，因此用when引导从句。二、语法填空Once upon a time, there was a k

29、ing in a big, rich country. The king was quite fond of 21 (travel). However, he didnt like to travel in his own country. Instead he went to other 22 (country). One day, he gathered his army to go to a 23 (distance) country. After walking for the whole morning in the forest, the king and his soldiers

30、 made camp 24 (have) a rest.The horses were also tired, so they 25 (feed) on peas. A monkey saw the peas, so he jumped down from the tree to get some of them. While he 26 (eat), one pea fell from his hand to the ground. The greedy monkey dropped all the peas he had and ran down to look for the pea,

31、27 he failed.The king was watching the monkey fro the camp and said to 28 (he), “I should not be like this stupid monkey 29 lost so much to gain so little. I will go back to my own country and enjoy what I have.” Thus, the king and his army marched 30 to their own country.【答案】21. traveling/travellin

32、g22. countries23. distant24. to have25. were fed26. was eating27. but28. himself29. who/that30. back【解析】这是一篇记叙文。这篇文章主要讲了一位总是热衷于去别国旅行的国王，在旅行途中，看到一只贪婪的猴子因小失大，从中吸取教训，返回自己国家的故事。21.考查固定用法。be fond of doing：喜爱做某事，是固定用法，故填traveling/travelling。22.考查名词单复数。这句话的意思是他反而喜欢去其他国家。被other修饰，“其他国家”是复数意义，所以用名词复数形式，故填cou

33、ntries。23.考查形容词。作定语修饰名词country，所以用形容词，故填distant。24.考查不定式。句意：为了休息，这个国王和他的士兵扎营。表示目的，所以用不定式，故填to have。25.考查语态。这里they指的是The horses，“马”和“喂食”之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态；发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以这里应该用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were fed。26.考查时态。句意：当它正在吃的时候，一粒豌豆从它的手里落到地上。表示过去正在做某事，用过去进行时，故填was eating。27.考查连词。句意：这只贪婪的猴子扔掉所有它拥有的豌豆，跑到树下寻找丢失的那粒

34、豌豆，但是它没找到。表示转折关系，故填but。28.考查反身代词。由下文内容可判断出这位国王是在自言自语，对自己说话，故填himself。29.考查定语从句。空格所在句是一个定语从句，修饰先行词this stupid monkey，空格处需要填一个关系词，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，故填who/that。30.考查副词。句意：因此，这个国王和他的部队回到了他们自己的国家。表示“回到”，故填back。高频易错题 语法填空A girl who has a gift for drawingI went to an exhibition last month, 31 I admired a lot o

35、f wonderful paintings. Mary, 32 drawings were shown at the exhibition, is a model student 33 is often praised for her good work at school. As soon as we got into the exhibition hall 34 the paintings were on show, our eyes were caught by a very large picture 35 was hung on the wall in front of us. Th

36、e horse 36 was drawn in the picture was exactly like a real horse. The man 37 was riding on it looked like a living man. It was the best picture 38 I had ever seen, and I should say Mary is the best young painter 39 I have ever heard of. However, you will be quite mistaken if you think that Mary was

37、 born a good painter. One of her teachers told me that it had taken Mary thousands of hours to learn and practise drawing before she became the best young painter 40 has ever been heard of in her hometown. But if you say that she has learned to be so good at drawing only by working hard at it, I wil

38、l certainly agree with you.【答案】31. where32. whose33. who/that34. where35. that/which36. that/ which37. who/that38. that39. that40. that【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者去看画展的一次经历。31.考查非限制性定语从句关系副词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为an exhibition，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，意为“在那里”。故填where。32.考查非限制性定语从句关系代词。句意：玛丽的画作在展览会上展出，她是一个模范学生，经常因为她在学校

39、的出色表现而受到表扬。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Mary，关系代词whose在从句中作定语，表示所有关系。故填whose。33.考查定语从句关系代词。先行词为a model student，关系代词who/that在从句中作主语，指人。故填who/that。34.考查定语从句关系副词。句意：当我们进入展览大厅的时候，我们的眼睛被挂在我们面前墙上的巨幅画吸引住了。先行词为the exhibition hall，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。故填where。35.考查定语从句关系代词。先行词为picture，关系代词that/ which在从句中作主语，指物。故填that/whi

40、ch。36.考查定语从句关系代词。句意：画中的马和真正的马一模一样。先行词为The horse，关系代词that/which在从句中作主语，指物。故填that/which。37.考查定语从句关系代词。句意：骑在上面的人看起来像个活人。先行词为The man，关系代词who/that在从句中作主语，指人。故填who/that。38.考查定语从句关系代词。句意：这是我见过的最好的画，我应该说Mary是我听说过的最好的年轻画家。先行词为the best picture，关系代词that在从句中作宾语，指物，因为先行词由最高级修饰，所以只能用that不用which。故填that。39.考查定语从句关系

41、代词。先行词为the best young painter，关系代词that在从句中作宾语，指人，因为先行词由最高级修饰，所以只能用that不用who。故填that。40.考查定语从句关系代词。句意：她的一个老师告诉我，玛丽花了几千个小时学习和练习画画，才成为她家乡听说过的最好的年轻画家。先行词为the best young painter，关系代词that在从句中作主语，指人，因为先行词由最高级修饰，所以只能用that不用who。故填that。【点拨】定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下二点：（1）一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因（如指物时不能用who或whom，指

42、人时通常不用which等。（2）二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等（如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when，where，why。）（3）三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句（如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句）。语法填空AThe 12th China Arts Festival will bring a series of art 41 (activity) to the Chinese economic and art center, Shanghai. From May 2

43、0 to June 2, more than 50 shows 42 (select) nationwide will be performed in nineteen major theaters in Shanghai, and a fine selection of creative cultural products will 43 (show) at the Shanghai Exhibition Center. The festival will include 44 (vary) art forms, such as opera dancing, painting and pho

44、tography.The 2019 edition is co-organized by the ministry of Culture and Tourism and the Shanghai municipal government(市政府). Since 45 (it) beginning in 1987, the festival 46 (change) host cities in each edition, travelling to areas including Beijing, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Hubei over the pas

45、t three decades.Sales of tickets have opened online, with tickets priced from no cost 47 380 yuan, according to the organizers. To allow a much 48 (large) number of audience to access the programs, the festival will also be broadcast live online. “We will use new media to bring the shows to more ord

46、inary people, 49 will let them know more about the modern development of Chinese arts.” said Zhu Di, head of the ministrys arts department.This years festival is also aimed at 50 (promote) tourism in Shanghai with arts. The local government has released a total of 40 culture-themed travel routes to

47、guide visitors through Shanghais well-known landmarks.【答案】41. activities42. selected43. be shown44. various45. its46. has changed47. to48. larger49. which50. promoting【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在上海举办的第12届中国艺术节，包括它的举办时间、有哪些节目以及它的票价和它希望达成的目标等，同时介绍了它是由哪些部门组织的。通过文章，我们也了解到中国艺术节从1987年开始举办，过去的30年每一期都会更换一个主办城市。41.考查名词的数。