（新高考）2021届高考二轮精品专题三 非谓语动词 教师版.docx

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1、专题三××非谓语动词命题趋势非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，同时还要注意它所表达的逻辑关系，这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。近年来，新高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。考点清单一、非谓语动词作状语1.不定式作状语

2、表示原因（多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后），如：We were very excited to hear the news.表示目的（可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首），如：To get there on time I got up very early.表示结果（常表出乎意料的结果，常为only to do），如：He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there.2.现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别（1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动

3、关系。如：Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.（2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。如：Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.（3）部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动关系，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：seated（坐着的）、hidden（躲着）、stationed（驻扎）、lost/absorbed in（沉溺于）、born in（出身于）、dressed in（穿着）、

4、tired of（厌烦了）等。如：Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound.他陷入深深的思考中，没有听到声音。二、非谓语动词作主语、表语、宾语1.非谓语动词作主语Laughing helps your body stay healthy and can even help you fight pain.（动名词作主语）To see is to believe.（不定式作主语）It is important to respect people.（不定式短语作主语，It作形式主语）It is no use crying over

5、spilt milk.（动名词短语作主语，It作形式主语）2.非谓语动词作表语（1）动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质，回答what引导的问句。（2）不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作或表示将来的动作。3.非谓语动词作宾语：主要是不定式和动名词afford，agree，choose，determine，expect，decide，learn，offer，manage，hope，want，wish，promise，refuse，fail，pretend，happen等动词后跟不定式作宾语。appreciate，avoid，bear，consider，dislike，delay，enjoy，esc

6、ape，finish，hate，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，postpone，resist，risk，stand，suggest等动词后跟动名词作宾语。以下动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语意义不同。动词+v-ing作宾语+to do作宾语remember记得曾做过某事记得要做某事forget忘记曾做过某事忘记要做某事try尝试做某事努力做某事regret对做过的事表示后悔对要做的事表示遗憾mean意味着做某事企图/打算做某事cant help禁不住做某事不能帮助做某事go on继续做未完成的事做完一件事后，接着做另一件事stop中断正在做的事中断正在做的事，去做

7、别的事三、非谓语动词作定语1.不定式作定语表未来的动作且后置，它与所修饰的名词或不定式代词存在主谓、动宾或同位关系。You are the third one to enter the room.（主谓关系）I have something important to say.（动宾关系）He has no opportunity to go abroad.（同位关系）2.动名词作定语多前置，表示所修饰的事物的性能和用途。a reading rooma room for reading3.现在分词作定语表主动和进行，可转换为定语从句。The question being discussed(wh

8、ich is being discussed) now is important.4.过去分词作定语表被动和完成，也可转换为定语从句。The question discussed(which was discussed) yesterday is important.四、非谓语动词的否定式、进行式、完成式和被动式1.非谓语动词的否定式均是在前面加not。如：He pretended not to see me.Not having tried his best, he failed in the exam.2.不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。当谓语动词表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式动作正在进

9、行，不定式要用进行式。如：The boy pretended to be working hard.当不定式的动作在谓语动作发生时，不定式要用完成式。如：I happened to have seen the film.当不定式的逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动式。如：The patient asked to be operated on at once.3.动名词的完成式、被动式、完成被动式和带有逻辑主语的复合结构。We remembered having seen the film.He came to the party without being invited.He f

10、orgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.His not knowing English troubled him a lot.4.现在分词的完成式和被动式。当现在分词的动作早于谓语动作发生时，现在分词要用完成式。如：Having done his homework, he played basketball.当现在分词的逻辑主语为其动作的承受者时，现在分词要用被动式。如：The problem being discussed is very important.Having been told many t

11、imes, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 精题集训（70分钟）经典训练题1、 单句语法填空1.（2020·全国II卷）They represent the earth (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.【答案】coming【解析】考查非谓语动词。主句为they represent the earth and best wishes，可判断设空处为非谓语动词，且the earth与come back为主谓关系，可知此处需填现在分词，作the earth的宾语补足语

12、，强调一段时间内正在进行的动作，故填coming。2.（2020·全国II卷）They make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.【答案】decorated【解析】考查非谓语动词。主句为you see them，可判断设空处为非谓语动词，them代指前文orange trees，与decorate为动宾关系，可知应用过去分词，作后置定语，故填decorated。3.（2020·全国II卷）They are ea

13、sy (care) for and make great presents.【答案】to care【解析】考查非谓语动词。sth. is easy to do，表示某事容易，且此处为动词不定式表示被动，故填to care。4.（2020·全国III卷）The next morning he hired a boat and set out (find) the well-known painter.【答案】to find【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示出发去做某事应用短语set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的

14、状语。故填to find。5.（2020·全国III卷）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.【答案】surrounding【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与

15、逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。6.（2019·全国II卷）When we got a call _(say)she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.【答案】saying【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。7.（2019·全国I卷）Scientists have responded by (note) that hungry bears may be

16、 congregating(聚集) around human settlements.【答案】noting【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。8.（2019·浙江卷）When the children are walking or _(cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them.【答案】cycling【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此

17、处要用cycling。故填cycling。9.（2019·浙江卷）But some students didnt want (wear) the uniform.【答案】to wear【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事，这是want的固定用法。故填to wear。10.（2019·全国III）On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the N

18、orth Shore under the stars, _(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.【答案】listening【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。11. Peter was so excited when he received an in

19、vitation from his friend (visit) Chongqing.【答案】to visit【解析】考查不定式。句意：当彼特的朋友邀请他参观重庆时，他是如此激动。动词不定式to visit限定invitation做后置定语。故填to visit。12. He gave a lame excuse for (absent) which made him very embarrassed.【答案】being absent【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他找了个站不住脚的理由来解释缺席的原因，这使他很尴尬。be absent表示缺席，且作介词for的宾语，应用动名词短语being a

20、bsent，故填being absent。13. When the moon had risen, we lay on the grass, listening to the wind (whisper) in the trees.【答案】whispering【解析】考查非谓语形式。句意：当月亮已经升起，我们躺在草地上，倾听风在树上低语。名词wind与whisper是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填whispering。14. Helen was kinder to her youngest son, which made the others (envy) him.【答案】envy【解析】

21、考查省略to的动词不定式。句意：海伦对她的最小的儿子比对其他的孩子要好得多，这使其他的人很是嫉妒。make sb.do sth.表示让某人做某事，使役动词make后跟省略不定式符号to的不定式，作宾语补足语。故填envy。15. I like getting up very early in the morning because the morning air is so good (breathe).【答案】to breathe【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢早起，因为早晨的空气呼吸起来感觉很好。breathe和air之间虽然是动宾关系，但good后省略了for me，其逻辑主语是I，

22、故用动词不定式的主动形式。故填to breathe。16. The man _(circulate) the fake news that 18 firefighters lost their lives in the explosion was arrested.【答案】circulating【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：传播18名火警在爆炸中丧生了的这条假消息的人被逮捕了。传播假消息与the man是主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语，故填circulating。17. The little boy stared at the strange man questioningly, not _(

23、know) whether to believe what he had said.【答案】knowing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：小男孩疑惑地盯着这个陌生人，不知道自己是否该相信他说的话。little boy与know之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作伴随状语，故填knowing正确。18. Facial recognition technology is working well at tourist attractions around China, _(reduce) the time people spend standing in lines at entries

24、or security check.【答案】reducing【解析】考查现在分词做结果状语。句意：人脸识别技术在中国各地的旅游景点运行良好，减少了人们在入口处或安检处排队的时间。此处是现在分词最自然的结果状语，故答案为reducing。19. Actors should be good observers, watching peoples body language and speaking style, _(transmit) and this into their own abilities to progress in acting.【答案】transmitting【解析】考查现在分词

25、做伴随状语。句意：演员应该是很好的观察者，观察人们的肢体语言和说话风格，并将其转化为自己的能力，从而在表演上取得进步。此处句子主语Actors和transform之间是主动关系，是现在分词做伴随状语，与watching并列，故答案为transmitting。20. We had better put off interviewing the athlete, for he is busy preparing for an international contest _(hold) in Shanghai next month.【答案】to be held【解析】考查动词不定式一般式的被动式作后

26、置定语。句意：我们最好推迟采访这位运动员，因为他正忙于准备下个月在上海举行的国际比赛。此处contest和hold之间是一种被动关系，这里是动词不定式一般式的被动式作后置定语，故填to be held。2、 语法填空Chopsticks play an important role in Chinese food culture. They 21 (call) “Zhu” in ancient times in China. Chinese people have been using them for more than 3,000 years. Wood or bamboo chopsti

27、cks are the most popular ones used in Chinese homes, 22 can be dated to about 1,000 years 23 (early) than ivory(象牙) chopsticks.There are a few things 24 (avoid) when using chopsticks. Chinese people usually.Dont beat their bowls while 25 (eat), since the behavior used to be practiced by beggars. Als

28、o dont put chopsticks in a bowl upright because it is a custom only used in sacrifices(祭祀). 26 is common in China for everyone to use their own chopsticks for getting food from the 27 (dish) on the table. If you prefer, serving chopsticks 28 (be) provided. Besides, dont be embarrassed by using chops

29、ticks 29 (poor). What matters is that you enjoy the food. Food is 30 great importance in Chinese culture, and the Chinese is such a practical person that all around you will most likely be fine with whatever method you use to eat.【答案】21. were called22. which23. earlier24. to avoid25. eating26. It27.

30、 dishes28. is/will be29. poorly30. of【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了有关筷子的历史和文化。21.考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：他们在中国古代被称为“箸”。主语和谓语之间是被动关系，又因为本句讲述的是过去的事情，故填were called。22.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：木筷或竹筷是中国家庭使用最普遍的筷子，比象牙筷要早1000年左右。根据句子结构可知，该空是非限制性定语从句的关系词，关系词在定语从句中作主语，指物，故填which。23.考查副词比较级。句意：木筷或竹筷是中国家庭使用最普遍的筷子，比象牙筷要早1000年左右。根据本句中的than，

31、此空填形容词的比较级，故填earlier。24.考查不定式。句意：使用筷子时有几件事要避免。to avoid是后置定语，修饰a few things。故填to avoid。25.考查现在分词。句意：吃饭时不要敲碗，因为这种行为过去是乞丐常做的。eat和主句主语people在逻辑上存在主动关系，故填eating。26.考查形式主语。句意：在中国，每个人都用自己的筷子从桌上的盘子里取食物是很常见的。It is common for sb. to do sth.句型，此空为句首，故填It。27.考查名词单复数。句意：在中国，每个人都用自己的筷子从桌上的盘子里取食物是很常见的。餐桌上的菜肴不止一种，故

32、此空填复数形式dishes。28.考查一般现在时或一般将来时。句意：如果您想的话，我们也会提供筷子。主语和谓语之间是被动关系，且该动作可以是通常性的动作，也可以是将来某一时间的动作。If引导的条件状语从句，主句将来时，从句一般现在时。故填is/will be。29.考查副词做状语。句意：另外，不要因为不会用筷子而感到尴尬。副词修饰动词，故填poorly。30.考查介词。句意：在中国文化中，食物是非常重要的，而中国人非常务实，无论你用什么方法吃饭，你周围的人都不会介意。be of great importance =be important，意为重要的，故填介词of。高频易错题 语法填空The

33、wildfires in Australia became considerably worse in January, 2020. The disaster faced by 31 country is far from over. Many of the fires 32 (send) smoke high into the atmosphere and some smoke turned into pyro cumulonimbus clouds. The clouds can help a fire draw in more air and shift surface winds, 3

34、3 (result) in fire tornadoes(龙卷风). Fires have destroyed habitats for animals that 34 (find) only in Australia, including koalas and rare birds. It will take time to fully know how much harm the fires have done 35 wildlife. The wildfires are expected 36 (continue) burning for months as Australia ente

35、red its dry season.This past year, 2019, is the hottest and driest year on record. Fires happen 37 (regular) during the Australian dry season. However, climate and natural changes are making the situation 38 (bad). At least 12 million acres have been burned so far in Victoria and New South Wales alo

36、ne. Smoke from the fires has made 39 to South America. There is so much smoke that it may stay in the air for months 40 could have an effect on the planets climate.【答案】31. the32. sent33. resulting34. are found35. to 36. to continue37. regularly38. worse 39. it 40. which【解析】这是一篇说明文。澳大利亚的森林大火在2020年1月变

37、得更加严重，同时火灾产生的烟雾又引发了火灾龙卷风。文章说明了这次大火对澳大利亚的破坏和影响。31.考查冠词。country为可数名词，此处特指上文Australia，应用定冠词。故填the。32.考查动词时态。根据后文and some smoke turned into pyro cumulonimbus clouds可知，此处应用一般过去时，主语与谓语动词构成主动关系。故填sent。33.考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，result在句中作非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填resulting。34.考查动词时态及语态。本句主语animals与谓语动词构成

38、被动关系，且描述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词应用复数。故填are found。35.考查介词。句意：要完全了解火灾对野生动物造成了多大的伤害还需要时间。结合句意表示“对于”，应用介词to。故填to。36.考查非谓语动词。根据短语be expected to do sth.表示预计，后跟不定式。故填to continue。37.考查副词。修饰动词happen，应用副词regularly，表示频繁地。故填regularly。38.考查比较级。句意：然而，气候和自然变化使情况变得更糟。结合句意表示“更糟”应用比较级形式。故填worse。39.考查代词。根据短语make it to

39、表示到达。故填it。40.考查定语从句。句意：烟雾如此之多，可能会在空气中停留数月之久，这可能会对地球的气候产生影响。此处为非限定性定语从句，修饰上文整个句子，且从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which。故填which。【点拨】当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列，该动词就是非谓语动词。此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。如作主语或宾语，就用动名词（表一般意义）或不定式形式（表具体意义）；作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，用不定式；作伴随状语或作定语，要根据与逻辑主语的关系，用现在分词或过去分词；有时也要根据句式搭配来确定，如see/hear/notice sb.do/

40、doing sth.，spend doing sth.等。具体解题技巧如下：第一步：若句中已有谓语，也不是作并列谓语时，应为非谓语动词。第二步：根据非谓语动词在句中所作句子成分、句式的特殊要求，或某些词语的特殊要求，确定用哪种非谓语动词形式。如作目的状语一般用不定式形式，作主语或宾语用­ing形式或不定式，在enjoy，finish等动词后作宾语用­ing形式，在decide，refuse等动词后作宾语要用不定式形式等等。第三步：确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系。第四步：根据非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作发生的先后关系确定用一般式还是用完成式。语法填空AFuc

41、hsia Dunlop decided to visit China after reading articles about the country for several months. The one-month backpacking trip exposed the English woman 41 a wide range of Chinese food. “The dishes and soups I had even in the cheapest and plain eateries were better than 42 I had in the U.K.,” Dunlop

42、 recalled.The last stop of her trip was Chengdu, 43 capital of southwest Chinas Sichuan Province. Dunlop learned from friends that Sichuan food represents one of Chinas 44 (good) cuisines, and when the spicy flavor of Sichuan pepper exploded in her mouth, something inside her changed forever.After s

43、he returned to London, Dunlop made the decision to study in China at Sichuan University. When she wrote down “studying Chinese 45 (policy) on ethnic groups” on the 46 (apply) form as the reason for a scholarship, what she really had in mind were Sichuan dishes. Her journey eventually led her to beco

44、me the most knowledgeable English person on Chinese food. She 47 (write) many books on Chinese cuisine since, including Sharks Fin and Sichuan Pepper, which was translated into Chinese in 2018.According to Chen Xiaoqing, 48 (know) for directing the documentary of A Bite of China, Dunlop is the most

45、insightful foreign writer who 49 (vivid) describes Chinese cuisine in an exciting and accurate way. What she presents to the readers is not just food, but also the profound traditions and tremendous changes 50 (occur) in the country behind the flavors.【答案】41. to42. what43. the44. best45. policies46.

46、 application47. has written48. known49. vividly50. occurring【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了英国女士邓洛普在中国的美食之旅。41.考查固定短语。句意：为期一个月的背包旅行让这位英国女士接触到了各种各样的中国食物。expose.to表示使接触、暴露于，故填to。42.考查宾语从句。句意：即使是在最便宜的普通餐馆里，我点的菜和汤也比我在英国吃的要好。此处为宾语从句，从句中的had缺少宾语，故填what。43.考查定冠词。句意：她此行的最后一站是中国西南部四川省的省会成都。the capital of表示“的省会”，应该用the表特指，故填

47、the。44.考查形容词最高级。句意：邓洛普从朋友那里得知川菜是中国最好的菜系之一。one of后的名词常用形容词最高级修饰，故填best。45.考查名词复数。句意：当她在申请表上写下“学习中国民族政策”作为申请奖学金的理由时，她真正想的是川菜。policy当“政策、方针”讲时是可数名词，此处用复数表泛指，故填policies。46.考查名词。根据句意可知此处用名词作定语，application form表示申请表，故填application。47.考查时态。句意：从那以后，她写了许多关于中国烹饪的书。此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时，故填has written。48.考查非谓语动词。句意：以执导纪录片舌尖上的中国而出名的陈晓卿说邓洛普是最有洞察力的外国作家，她生动、准确地描述了中国美食。be known for表示“因而出名”，此处去掉be作定语，故填known。49.考查副词。修饰动词describes用副词，故填vividly。50.