（新高考）2021届小题必练3 介词 学生版.docx

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1、 2021届好教育小题必练小题必练3：介词介词在英语中比较活跃，然而在高考中直接考查介词的题不是很多。从高考试题可以看出，要掌握介词的基本用法，辨析相近、易混介词的用法；还要熟悉常用介词短语的含义，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。考点1 常用介词（2020·全国I卷）The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山), more so the familiar near side.【答案

2、】than【解析】考查介词。根据句子中more可知此处应该用比较级，故填than。（2020·浙江卷1月）This aging of the population is driven two factors.【答案】by【解析】考查介词。句意：人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由；被”应用介词by。故填by。【点拨】一、常见介词辨析1表示时间的at，on和in意义短语at表示某个时间点、时刻等at midnight“在半夜”；at sunrise/sunset“在日出/日落”on表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上on a rainy night“在一个雨夜”；on C

3、hristmas Eve“在平安夜”in表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等in December“在十二月”；in the morning“在上午”2表示时间的in和after意义例句in表示“在时间之内/之后”，所在的句子必须表示将来He will be back in an hour.他一小时后就回来。after表示“在时间之后”，通常“after时间段”与过去时连用，“after时间点”与将来时连用He came back after an hour.他一小时后回来了。3表示方位的through，across和over意义短语through表示“从的内

4、部穿过”through the forest“从森林穿过”across表示“从表面穿过”across the desert“穿过沙漠”over表示“从的上面越过”jump over the fence“跨过篱笆墙”4表示方位的in，on和to意义例句in表示“在范围内”Beijing lies in the north of China.北京位于中国北部。on表示“毗邻，接壤”Mongolia，which lies on the north of China，is a beautiful country.位于中国北部的蒙古，是一个美丽的国家。to表示“在范围外”Japan lies to th

5、e east of China.日本位于中国东部。5表示交通方式的by，on和in意义短语by后可直接跟涉及和不涉及交通工具的名词，名词前不加冠词by sea，by air，by bike，by car，by trainon/in后跟交通工具时，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语on one's bike，in one's car6表示支持、反对的介词against和for意义例句against意为“反对”，此外还表示“倚靠着；逆着；以为背景”等Are you for the proposal or against it?你支持这项提议还是反对？for表示“支持，赞成”

6、，还可表示原因、目的等考点2 介词的固定搭配（2020·山东卷）Museums must compete peoples spare time and money with other amusements.【答案】for【解析】考查固定搭配。根据空格前的动词compete与空格后的peoples spare time and money，判断此处需用表“为竞争”的动词短语compete for，故填for。（2020·浙江卷7月）Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control

7、 the world they lived , through agriculture.【答案】in【解析】考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _”应是之前名词the world的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world，live in+名词，意为居住在某地。故填in。（2020·全国II卷）Bamboo plants are associated health, abundance and a happy home.【答案

8、】with【解析】考查介词。be associated with为固定搭配，表示“与相关”，故填with。【点拨】几组常见的介词固定搭配1.与名词的搭配at a time每次，一次at a loss困惑，不知所措at first sight乍一看at table在吃饭beyond description无法形容beyond one's reach够不着by accident/chance偶然by mistake错误地by the way顺便说by hand手工地in advance在前头；事先，预先in charge主管，看管in return作为回报in turn依次，转而in sh

9、ape健康状况良好in the long run从长远来看in trouble处于困境中 in time及时，迟早on purpose故意地on holiday在度假on time准时on average平均on the contrary相反地out of breath/balance/date/control 上气不接下气/失去平衡/过时/失去控制to one's surprise/astonishment令某人惊奇/吃惊的是under construction/consideration/discussion在建设/考虑/讨论中at the cost of以为代价in honour

10、 of为了纪念；为了表示敬意in memory of为纪念(对已逝的人)in place of代替in support/favor of支持，支援in addition to除之外in terms/view of鉴于，根据for the sake of为了for the purpose of为了的目的for the benefit of为了的利益on account of由于on behalf of代表on the way to在去的路上on the basis of以为基础by means of借助于the reason for的原因the approach to的方法a visit to到

11、的访问the/a lack of缺乏2与动词的搭配answer for对负责apply for申请call at拜访(地点)date from/back to追溯到keep/prevent/stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做protect.from保护不受伤害result from由于suffer from遭受approve of赞成complain of抱怨consist of.由组成dream of梦到think of想起；考虑到call on拜访(某人)depend/rely on依靠result in/lead to导致succeed in在方面成功belong

12、to属于refer to谈到；涉及；查阅3与形容词的搭配be ashamed of对感到羞耻be aware of知晓；意识到be proud of以为荣be sure of对有信心；确信be tired of厌倦be angry with sb.与某人生气be familiar with sth.熟悉be familiar to sb.为某人所熟悉be patient with对有耐心be pleased/satisfied with对满意be popular with sb.受某人欢迎be strict with sb.对某人严格be addicted to对上瘾；沉溺于be availa

13、ble to对可用；可供使用be beneficial to对有益处be devoted to致力于，献身于be similar to与相似be confident in对有信心be eager for渴望be absent from缺席be anxious about/for忧虑，担心be crazy about热衷；着迷be curious about对好奇be particular about挑剔be suitable for/to适合于4其他搭配after all毕竟，终究ahead of (时间，空间)在前面；领先far from远非once in a while偶尔up to达到；

14、由决定in spite of尽管；虽然一、单句语法填空1_ summary, I think the movie is moving, interesting, and worth spending time on.2As is well known, Dragon Boat Festival and the custom of eating rice dumplings are unique _ us Chinese.3So far we have done a lot to build a low­carbon economy, but it is far _ satisfact

15、ory.4Our product is popular abroad.There is practically no other product superior _ ours in quality.5When a writer finishes his writing or a doctor successfully operates on a patient or a teacher sees his students grow, they are happy _ words.6Most English teachers maintain a young and gentle heart

16、and appear younger than teachers _ their own age.7The key _ successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.8Butterflies feed _ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.9I don't know if this sounds bad, but why do Asian

17、 actresses always look more beautiful _ the dress than the models?10Her old parents watched Mary until she disappeared from sight _ the distance.11. We should talk about the things _ the children's understanding in a simple way.12.You should fly your kite _ the wind，or it cannot fly high.13. In

18、some cases, different approaches _ the same scientific problem lead to conflicting theories.14._ that special night, all the Senior 3 students stood in the corridors(走廊) and looked down at the younger students below.15. Many local residents welcome the shared bikes _ the flexibility and freedom they

19、 offer.16. Calligraphy, _ a mirror, is a silent reflection of the soul.17. During my first year in China, I spent the summer holiday _ my family at the seaside in Beidaihe.18. The English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different _ the modern English we speak today.19. Plast

20、ic waste and algae on the water give off a smell very similar _ the krill(磷虾) that many sea birds feed on.20. The words of the poems were full _ encouragement and positive energy, and showed an uncommon openmindedness among women at that time.21. The Great Wall stretches _ Dandong in the east to Lop

21、 Nur in the west, along the southern edge of Inner Mongolia.22. The country's industrial economy has maintained steady and sound growth thanks _ the Made in China 2025 strategy.23. We know the British have a love affair with drinking tea, _ more than 160 million cups drunk every day.24. The Wate

22、rSplashing Festival is also a cultural bridge _ Xishuangbanna and Southeast Asian countries that share the same festival culture of watersplashing.25. _ Monday she gave each student his or her list.26. In this fastchanging and competitive world, many people are _ heavy pressure.27. She says it's

23、 important to wake up _ the same time every day.28. As we all know, Hangzhou, a beautiful city, won the bid _ September 16th, 2015.二、语法填空There are many festivals in Guizhou Province. One of them is Dong New Year, 1._ falls in the eleventh lunar month after the harvest. In some villages, the festival

24、 2._ (take) place in the tenth month. Dong New Year is as 3._(importance) as the Spring Festival. In the days 4._(lead) up to the New Year, the Dong people make new clothes, clean their houses, and make rice cakes. 5._ the eve of the New Year, they prepare“cold dish”with bean curd and homemade vineg

25、ar. It 6._ (give) as an offering to one's ancestors. Dong New Year is 7._(usual) celebrated in many Dong villages in the area of Rongjiang in Guizhou Province. The exact date varies but falls during the period late October to early November. Public 8._(celebration) include the Lusheng Festival a

26、nd water buffalo fighting.Another one, Miao Sisters Festival, is celebrated from the 15th to the 17th day of the third lunar month calendar, when 9._(marry) women make a return to the homes of their mothers. At home, they prepare and eat 10._ special kind of food, black rice cake. When they return t

27、o their own homes, they bring with them some of it and give it to their husbands as gifts.【答案】in【解析】考査固定短语。in summary“总的来说，概括起来”，符合句意。【答案】to【解析】unique“独一无二的，仅有的”；be unique to“是特有的”，为固定搭配。【答案】from【解析】far from表示否定含义，意为“绝非，远不”。【答案】to【解析】superior意为 “更好的，更有效的”，通常与to搭配表示比较含义。be superior to sth.意为“胜过，超过，比好

28、”。【答案】beyond【解析】beyond 意为“超出，超过”，beyond words 意为 “无法用言语表达”。【答案】of【解析】此处of与age构成固定搭配，teachers of their own age意为“与他们同龄的老师”。【答案】to【解析】key作“关键，要决” 讲，与介词to搭配使用。【答案】on【解析】feed on“以为食”。【答案】in【解析】in为介词，后接服饰名词时，意为“穿着，戴着”。【答案】in【解析】in the distance“在远处，从远处”。【答案】beyond【解析】句意：我们应当用一种简单的方式谈论超出儿童理解能力的事物。beyond“超出

29、之外，非所能及”。【答案】against【解析】句意：你应该逆着风放风筝，否则它飞不高。against“逆，与相反”，符合语境，属于against的常见用法。【答案】to/towards【解析】approach to/towards“的方法”，是固定搭配。句意：在一些情形下，对同一个科学难题进行研究所采用的方法不同，就会得出互相矛盾的结论。【答案】On【解析】句意：在那个特殊的晚上，所有高三年级的学生站在走廊里低头看着下面低年级的学生。表示“在具体某天的上午、下午或晚上”需用介词on。【答案】for【解析】句意：因共享单车给人们提供的灵活性和自由度，许多当地的居民很欢迎共享单车。设空处表示“原

30、因”，故填介词for。【答案】like【解析】句意：书法，像一面镜子一样，无声地反映灵魂。设空处表示“像”，故填介词like。【答案】with【解析】句意：在中国的第一年，我和我的家人在北戴河的海边度过了暑假。with在此处意为“和”。【答案】from【解析】句意：公元450年到1150年间在英国所说的英语和今天我们所说的现代英语是非常不同的。be different from“与不同”。【答案】to【解析】句意：水面上的塑料废物和海藻释放出一种非常类似于磷虾的气味，许多海鸟以这种磷虾为食。(be) similar to“与相似”。【答案】of【解析】句意：诗歌中的文字充满了鼓励和正能量，并且

31、在那个时代的女性当中展现出了不同寻常的开明的思想。be full of“充满了”。【答案】from【解析】句意：长城沿着内蒙古的南部边界，从东部的丹东一直延伸到了西部的罗布泊。表示“从到”用from.to.结构。【答案】to【解析】句意：多亏了“中国制造2025”战略，国家的工业经济一直保持稳定的、健康的增长。thanks to为固定短语，意为：多亏了，幸亏。【答案】with【解析】句意：我们知道英国人爱喝茶，每天有一亿六千多万杯茶被喝掉。设空处考查with的复合结构(withn./pron.过去分词)作伴随状语。【答案】between【解析】句意：泼水节也是西双版纳与有着相同泼水节节日文化的

32、东南亚国家之间的一座桥梁。根据句意及题干中的and可知设空处填between。between.and.意为：在和之间。【答案】On【解析】句意：在周一，她给每个学生一份清单。表示“在具体某一天”需用介词on。【答案】under【解析】句意：在这个快速变化且充满竞争的世界里，许多人处于沉重的压力下。under pressure为固定短语，意为：在压力之下。【答案】at【解析】句意：她说每天在同一时间醒来很重要。at the same time为固定短语，意为：在同一时间。【答案】on【解析】句意：我们都知道，杭州，一个美丽的城市，在2015年9月16日赢得了举办权。在具体某天前要用介词on。【答

33、案】1. which 2. takes 3.important 4.leading 5.On6.is given 7.usually 8.celebrations 9.married 10.a【解析】1.考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是Dong New Year，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，应使用关系代词which引导。故填which。2. 考查时态。此处描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时。故填takes。3.考查形容词。此处作表语，意为“像春节一样重要”，as.as结构中，使用形容词原级。故填important。4.考查现在分词。lead up to“为做准备”，此处与主语the

34、 Dong people 构成逻辑上的主谓关系，应使用现在分词。故填leading。5.考查介词。固定短语：on the eve of“在的前夕”，故填On。6.考查语态。句意：它是作为祭品送给祖先的。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is given。7.考查副词。此处修饰动词celebrated，应使用副词形式。故填usually。8.考查名词复数。celebration是可数名词，其前没有冠词，且谓语动词是原形，据此可知，此处应使用名词复数。故填celebrations。9.考查形容词。根据下文make a return to the homes of their mothers 可知，此处指“已婚的女人”。married“已婚的”。故填married。10.考查冠词。根据下文kind of可知，此处指“一种特殊的食品”，应使用不定冠词。故填a。