《2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测》热点10 完形填空（解析版）.doc

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1、热点10 完形填空【命题趋势】记叙文一直受高考完形填空命题者的青睐，在高考完形填空题材中占有相当大的比重。这是因为其有人物、情节发展等线索可循，内容情节深刻，常涉及人物心理活动的细致描写，篇章与语句的结构变化丰富多彩。这种类型的试题，更能考查考生根据文章的整体内容选择符合文章情节的答案，可以充分体现考生对事物的应变能力。仔细研读近几年高考完形填空我们不难发现，记叙文是出现频率最高的一类文体，多以记人和叙事为主。具体地说，它是借助叙述、描写等手段记叙社会中的人物和事件发展过程，用以表现作者的态度和观点。记叙文多以人的思想和行为为中心，以时间或空间的变化为线索，按事件的发生、发展和结束来展开叙述。

2、 夹叙夹议的文章是高考完形填空中最有难度的，也是最热点的一类体裁。所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强。文章常常在平淡的叙述中蕴含着深刻的人生哲理。此类选材倾向于注重短文本身的教育意义。作者首先叙述一件事，在叙述过程中或结束后发表自己的看法或由此事引出一个深刻的社会问题。文章的显著特点是首句可能在传达一个事件信息或透视一种社会现象，而后对此进行高层次评价，或由此引发一种深层次思考，具有记叙与议论的双重性，文情并茂，发人深思。解题时，应借助上下文乃至全文的语境揣摩作者的心境，及其对各个角色、各个事件的态度。【满分技巧】1. 读透首句，掌握主旨重视首句，明确短文话题，了解篇章结构，预测全文内容。绝

3、大多数记叙文的作者都会用一句话点明人物的姓名、身份或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再逐渐深入介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结论，所以读透句首对学生了解全文至关重要，这就是我们理解文章内在联系的突破口。2. 跳空速读全文，掌握中心速读全文要求一气呵成，跳过空格，快速阅读，领会大意，把握中心。重点了解记叙文的要素，如：时间、地点、人物和事件等，从整体上把握文章的叙述顺序和结构主线。3. 身临其境，故事重构采取换位思考的方式，假设自己就是故事的主人公，在此情此景下，模拟故事的情景，体会人物的心情，推理故事的发展，体验作者的心情以及观点和态度等，这样才能对故事或事件有一个贴切的把握，才能选出符合语境的选项

4、。同时要注意文化背景知识和生活常识。4. 关注末段，注意感想最后一段通常是作者的有感而发、心理体验或经验教训等。要注意结合语境选用合适的形容词、副词、动词或名词等。5. 浏览全文，复查核定根据记叙文的线索，考生一定要进行回查，仔细推敲，校正全文，使故事恢复原貌。检查要点是：（1）语意是否前后一致；（2）上下文是否通顺连贯，内容是否完整；（3）所选词汇是否符合语法、句法结构；（4）文化背景和生活常识是否合理。【热点话题】记叙文哲理故事类，夹叙夹议文科技环保类、社会现象类【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）A(清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2020年11月测试高三英语试题）话题：记叙文。文章主

5、要讲述了一条很有意义的祷告词难度：建议用时：8分钟阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。When my children were teenagers, I _21_ a fridge magnet with what was said to be a First Nation or Native American prayer. I _22_ it on the door of our refrigerator in full view. I found the words to be thought _23_ and

6、 hoped they would teach my children to have more patience and be more _24_ of others.Although my children are _25_ now, with homes of their own, Ive kept the magnet on our_26_ door for the past twenty-five years. During that time, Ive often found that the _27_ has helped me see situations from a dif

7、ferent perspective.For example, a number of years ago, I was on my way to a farewell function with several colleagues. As we were leaving the office, we _28_ our other colleague, Wendy, who had previously planned to attend the event with us. I asked Wendy if she wanted us to wait for her, and she re

8、sponded in a fairly rude manner,_29_ our invitation. One of my other colleagues was quite _30_ and clearly angry over Wendys behavior.“I dont know why you even bothered to _31_ her,” she said. _32_on how tired Wendy appeared as she rushed away from us, I commented that perhaps we should just give We

9、ndy a_33_ and forgive her for being rude at the last minute. She was _34_ having a bad day, and it wasnt worth holding a grudge (怨恨) against her if we werent aware of what _35_her unusual behavior.A week later, I learned that when we came across Wendy, she was returning to the office from a medical

10、appointment _36_ she was told she had pancreatic cancer. She died a year later. Wendy wasnt being rude to us; she had just received a very _37_ diagnosis.Whether its a family member who let me down, a friend who _38_ a confidence, or a difficult colleague, the quote on my fridge _39_ me. Although it

11、s not always easy to forgive, Ive been able to _40_ a lot of grudge over the years by focusing on my mantra.21. A. missedB. lostC. purchasedD. sold22. A. spottedB. carriedC. droppedD. placed23. A. meaningfulB. interestingC. familiarD. unexpected24. A. awareB. forgivingC. ashamedD. confident25. A. wo

12、rkersB. parentsC. seniorsD. adults26. A. kitchenB. fridgeC. bedroomD. bathroom27. A. dreamB. messageC. targetD. relief28. A. bumped intoB. saw offC. knocked downD. dealt with29. A. demandingB. acceptingC. decliningD. delaying30. A. curiousB. amazedC. anxiousD. annoyed31. A. convinceB. promiseC. igno

13、reD. invite32. A. ReflectingB. CountingC. LookingD. Concentrating33. A. breakB. partyC. danceD. lesson34. A. suddenlyB. obviouslyC. passivelyD. naturally35. A. discoveredB. avoidedC. causedD. created36. A. whereB. thatC. whichD. what37. A. confusingB. shockingC. unusualD. casual38. A. builtB. lostC.

14、 betrayedD. possessed39. A. doubtedB. evaluatedC. guidedD. ordered40. A. take downB. break throughC. come aboutD. get rid of【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. D 32. A 33. A 34. B 35. C 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. C 40. D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了我买了一块冰箱贴，上面的祷告词很有意义，希望可以教会我的孩子多点耐心

15、，多宽容他人，多年来这句话也一直指引着我，使我摆脱了很多怨恨。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我的孩子十几岁的时候，我买了一块冰箱磁力贴，上面写着“第一民族或美国原住民”的祈祷词。A. missed失去；B. lost丢失；C. purchased买；D. sold卖。根据后文的“I placed it on the door of our refrigerator in full view”可知，我把它放在冰箱的门上。冰箱贴贴在冰箱门上证明是我们家所用，判断可知，只有买了冰箱贴符合题意，并且与孩子十几岁的时候这个语境相呼应，其他选项均不符合题意，故选C。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析

16、。句意：我把它贴在冰箱门上，一眼便能看得到。A. spotted弄上污渍；B. carried携带；C. dropped使降低；D. placed放；安置。分析可知，冰箱贴是贴在冰箱上的，此处表示把它安置（贴）到冰箱上，故选D。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我觉得这些话很有意义，希望它们能教会我的孩子们多点耐心，多点宽容他人。A. meaningful有意义的；B. interesting有趣的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. unexpected意外的。根据“hoped they would teach my children to have more patience and

17、 be more forgiving of others.”可知，希望它们能教会我的孩子们多点耐心，多点宽容他人。也就是说我认为这些话是有意义的，符合题意，故选A。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我觉得这些话很有意义，希望它们能教会我的孩子们多点耐心，多点宽容他人。A. aware意识到的；B. forgiving宽容的；C. ashamed惭愧的；D. confident自信的。分析可知，根据“more patience”可知，多点耐心，因此可以判断出多宽容他人符合题意，故选B。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我的孩子们现在已经长大成人，有了自己的家，但在过去的25年里，我

18、一直把磁力贴放在冰箱门上。A. workers工人；B. parents父母；C. seniors较年长者；D. adults大人。根据“with homes of their own”可知，他们有了自己的家，所以已经成为大人，符合题意，也就是长大成人，故选D。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我的孩子们现在已经长大成人，有了自己的家，但在过去的25年里，我一直把冰箱贴放在冰箱门上。A. kitchen厨房；B. fridge冰箱；C. bedroom卧室；D. bathroom浴室。分析可知，此处表示25年来我一直都把冰箱贴贴在冰箱上，与上文的“on the door of our

19、refrigerator”相呼应，故选B。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这段时间里，我经常发现这个信息帮助我从不同的角度看待情况。A. dream梦；B. message信息；C. target目标；D. relief减轻；安慰。分析可知，此处指上文冰箱贴的话（the words），也就是正是由于这些话的信息给了我帮助，故选B。【28题详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：例如，几年前，我正和几个同事去参加告别会。当我们离开办公室时，我们碰到了另一位同事，温迪，她之前计划和我们一起参加活动。我问温迪是否要我们等她，她回答得相当粗鲁，拒绝了我们的邀请。A. bumped into无意中遇到；碰

20、到；B. saw off送行；C. knocked down击倒；D. dealt with处理。根据“was on my way to a farewell function with several colleagues”可知，我正和几个同事去参加告别会，那么当离开办公室的时候遇到了这个同事符合题意，因为她之前计划和我们一起参加活动。然后接下来问她是否需要等她，顺理成章，故选A。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，几年前，我正和几个同事去参加告别会。当我们离开办公室时，我们碰到了另一位同事，温迪，她之前计划和我们一起参加活动。我问温迪是否要我们等她，她回答得相当粗鲁，拒绝了我们的邀

21、请。A. demanding要求；B. accepting接受；C. declining拒绝（邀请）；D. delaying延期。根据“she responded in a fairly rude manner”可知，她回答得相当粗鲁，因此可以推断她拒绝了我们的邀请。故选C。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的另一个同事对温迪的行为非常恼火，显然很生气。“我不知道你为什么还要邀请她，”她说。A. curious好奇的；B. amazed惊异的；C. anxious忧虑的；D. annoyed恼怒的。根据她所说的话“I dont know why you even bothered to

22、 invite her”可知，温迪拒绝了我们，一个同事抱怨不该邀请她，并且根据“clearly angry”（显然很生气）可知这个同事对温迪的行为感到恼火符合题意，与之呼应。故选D。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的另一个同事对温迪的行为非常恼火，显然很生气。“我不知道你为什么还要邀请她，”她说。A. convince使信服；B. promise承诺；C. ignore忽视；D. invite邀请。根据上文“Wendy, who had previously planned to attend the event with us. I asked Wendy if she wanted

23、 us to wait for her,”可知，温迪，她之前计划和我们一起参加活动。我问温迪是否要我们等她。因此可以推出，我的同事很生气她的粗鲁拒绝，所以问我不知道为什么邀请她（和我们一起去）符合题意，故选D。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：回想温迪从我们身边跑开时显得多么疲惫，我评论说，也许我们应该让温迪休息一下，原谅她在最后一刻的粗鲁无礼。A. Reflecting反映；反射；B. Counting数；C. Looking看；D. Concentrating专心于。根据“how tired Wendy appeared as she rushed away from us”（温迪从我

24、们身边跑开时显得多么疲惫）可知，这是刚刚发生的事情，现在再提起，故回想（reflect on）符合题意，故选A。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：回想温迪从我们身边跑开时显得多么疲惫，我评论说，也许我们应该让温迪休息一下，原谅她在最后一刻的粗鲁无礼。A. break中断；休息；B. party聚会；C. dance舞蹈；D. lesson课。根据“how tired Wendy appeared as she rushed away from us”（温迪从我们身边跑开时显得多么疲惫）可知，她疲惫，所以此处让她休息一下符合题意，故选A。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：很明显，她今天过

25、得很糟糕，如果我们不知道是什么导致了她的反常行为，那么怨恨她是不应该的。A. suddenly突然地；B. obviously显然地；C. passively被动地；D. naturally自然地。根据上文“Wendy, who had previously planned to attend the event with us. I asked Wendy if she wanted us to wait for her, and she responded in a fairly rude manner, declining our invitation.”（温迪，她之前计划和我们一起参加

26、活动。我问温迪是否要我们等她，她回答得相当粗鲁，拒绝了我们的邀请。）以及“how tired Wendy appeared as she rushed away from us”（温迪从我们身边跑开时显得多么疲惫），从这些表现可以看出，温迪很明显今天过得很糟糕符合题意，故选B。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：很明显，她今天过得很糟糕，如果我们不知道是什么导致了她的反常行为，那么怨恨她是不应该的。A. discovered发现；B. avoided避免；C. caused造成；D. created创造。根据上文“She was obviously having a bad day”（很明显

27、，她今天过得很糟糕），因此应该是造成她反常行为的原因，符合题意。故选C。【36题详解】考查定语从句。句意：一周后，我得知，当我们遇到温迪时，她正从一次医疗预约回到办公室，在那里她被告知患有胰腺癌。分析可知，这个句子为定语从句，先行词为medical appointment ，从句中缺少地点状语，应该用关系副词where引导，故选A。【37题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一年后她去世了。温迪并没有对我们无礼，她刚刚收到一份令人震惊的诊断报告。A. confusing困惑的；B. shocking令人震惊的；C. unusual不寻常的；D. casual随便的。分析可知，根据上文“she wa

28、s told she had pancreatic cancer”（她被告知患有胰腺癌）可以看出，这个消息是令人震惊的，符合题意，故选B。【38题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管是让我失望的家庭成员，泄露秘密的朋友，还是难缠的同事，冰箱上的名言指引着我。虽然原谅并不总是那么容易，但这些年来，我通过专注于我的祷告词，已经摆脱了很多怨恨。A. built建立；B. lost失去；C. betrayed背叛；D. possessed持有。分析可知，此处与“a family member who let me down”（让我失望的家庭成员）以及“a difficult colleague”（难缠的

29、同事）的感情色彩一致，且betray a confidence表示泄露秘密，符合题意，故选C。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管是让我失望的家庭成员，泄露秘密的朋友，还是难缠的同事，冰箱上的名言指引着我。虽然原谅并不总是那么容易，但这些年来，我通过专注于我的祷告词，已经摆脱了很多怨恨。A. doubted怀疑；B. evaluated评估；C. guided指引；D. ordered命令；预定。分析可知，根据第一段“I found the words to be thought meaningful and hoped they would teach my children to h

30、ave more patience and be more forgiving of others.”可知，：我觉得这些话很有意义,希望它们能教会我的孩子们多点耐心，多点宽容他人。因此可以看出，冰箱上的话给我指导，指引着我符合题意，故选C。【40题详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：不管是让我失望的家庭成员，泄露秘密的朋友，还是难缠的同事，冰箱上的名言指引着我。虽然原谅并不总是那么容易，但这些年来，我通过专注于我的祷告词，已经摆脱了很多怨恨。A. take down记下；B. break through突破；C. come about发生；D. get rid of摆脱。根据“Although”可知

31、表示转折让步，再结合“its not always easy to forgive,”（原谅并不总是那么容易）可知，我通过关注祷告词，摆脱了很多怨恨符合题意，与之相对比，故选D。B（北京首师大附中 2020-2021 学年度第一学期第一次月考试卷）话题：这是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了自己和妹妹在母亲节给母亲送生日“惊喜”的故事。难度：建议用时：8分钟Geraniums of LoveAs the fifth of seven children I went to the same public school as my three elder sisters and brother. Every

32、year, my mother went to the same ceremony and had parent-child interviews（亲子交流会）with the same teachers. The only thing different was the child. And every child _11_ an oldGeraniums school traditionthe annual plant sale（拍卖会）held in early May, just in time for _12_ Day.Third grade was the first time t

33、hat I was allowed to take part in the plant sale. I wanted to surprise my mother. _13_, I didn't have any money. I went to my eldest sister and _14_ the secret, and she gave me some money. When I arrived at the plant sale, I carefully made my _15_. I agonized（苦苦思索）over that decision, _16_ each p

34、lant to ensure that I had indeed found the best geranium. The moment I had smuggled it home, with the help of my sister, I _17_ it on the upstairs neighbors porch. I was very afraid my mother would find it before Mother's Day, but my sister assured me that she wouldn't, and _18_ she did not.

35、When Mother's Day arrived, I was bursting with pride when I gave her that geranium. I remember how bright her eyes were, and how delighted she was with my _19_.The year I was fifteen, my younger sister reached third grade. In early May, she came to me full of wonder and secrecy and told me that

36、there was going to be a plant sale at school and she wanted to _20_ our mother. Like my _21_ sister did for me, I gave her some money and off she went. She arrived at home full of _22_ excitement, the geranium hidden in a paper bag _23_ her sweater. “I looked at every plant,” she explained, “and I k

37、now I got the _24_ one!”I helped my little _25_ hide that geranium on the upstairs neighbor's porch, assuring that our mother wouldn't find it before Mother's Day. I was there when she gave my mother the geranium, and I watched them both bursting with pride and _26_. It was like being in

38、 a dream I had already dreamed. My mother noticed me _27_, and she gave me a soft secret smile. Shocked and puzzled, I _28_ back. I had been wondering how my mother could _29_ to be surprised at this gift from her sixth child. But as I watched her eyes light up with delight as she was _30_ with that

39、 most precious gift, I knew she was not pretending.11. A. passed downB. participated inC. broke withD. carried on12. A. WomensB. FathersC. ChildrensD. Mother's13. A. BesidesB. MoreoverC. HoweverD. Therefore14. A. sharedB. discoveredC. guardedD. unlocked15. A. planB. preparationC. presentD. selec

40、tion16. A. wateringB. growingC. inspectingD. protecting17. A. showedB. pottedC. packagedD. hid18. A. indeedB. insteadC. properlyD. anyhow19. A. performanceB. gradesC. giftD. presence20. A. inspireB. surpriseC. satisfyD. relax21. A. youngestB. eldestC. cleverestD. bravest22. A. nervousB. youthfulC. i

41、ncreasingD. false23. A. onB. besideC. behindD. under24. A. shortestB. rarestC. bestD. strongest25. A. sisterB. brotherC. cousinD. friend26. A. confusionB. anxietyC. delightD. astonishment27. A. listeningB. watchingC. smellingD. tasting28. A. wavedB. smiledC. signedD. called29. A. pretendB. continueC

42、. appearD. try30. A. impressedB. satisfiedC. associatedD. presented【答案】11. B 12. D 13. C 14. A 15. D 16. C 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. B 21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. B 29. A 30. D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了自己和妹妹在母亲节给母亲送生日“惊喜”的故事。【11题详解】考查动词短语辨析。pass down把传下去；participate in参加；break with和断绝关系；carry o

43、n继续，坚持。学校每年举行一次植物拍卖会，那么，学校的每个孩子都要参加。下文中的“I was allowed to take part in the plant sale”亦是呼应。故B选项正确。【12题详解】考查名词词义辨析。woman女人；father父亲；child孩子，儿童；mother母亲。根据下文中的“before Mother's Day”可知，D选项正确。由常识也可知，母亲节在五月。【13题详解】考查副词词义辨析。besides此外；moreover而且，此外；however但是；therefore因此。前文提到：我想给母亲一个惊喜。该句提到：我没有钱。上下文之间是转折

44、关系，故C选项正确。【14题详解】考查动词词义辨析。share分享；discover发现；guard守卫；unlock打开，揭开。根据后文“she gave me some money”可知，姐姐给了作者钱。由此可以推知，作者应该是把自己要给母亲惊喜这件事告诉了姐姐，即和姐姐“分享”了这个秘密。故A选项正确。【15题详解】考查名词词义辨析。plan计划；preparation准备；present礼物；selection挑选。根据下文中的“agonized（苦苦思索）over that decision”可知，作者要决定给母亲买什么，即“进行挑选”。故D选项正确。【16题详解】考查动词词义辨析。

45、water浇水；grow种植，生长；inspect检查，审视，视察；protect保护。作者为了确保找到最好天竺葵，当然要仔细观看每一株植物。故C选项正确。【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。show展示；pot；package；hide藏。上文提到作者想要给母亲惊喜，所以她当然要把天竺葵“藏”起来。故D选项正确。【18题详解】考查副词词义辨析。indeed的确；instead代替；properly恰当地；anyhow不管怎样。我姐姐向我保证母亲不会发现这株天竺葵，的确，母亲没有发现。A选项正确。【19题详解】考查名词词义辨析。performance表演；grade年级；gift礼物；presen

46、ce出席，到场。母亲节那天，作者将天竺葵送给母亲，母亲对于孩子送的“礼物”很开心。C选项正确。【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。inspire鼓舞；surprise使惊讶；satisfy使满意；relax放松。作者的妹妹向作者借钱，也想要给母亲一个惊喜。故B选项正确。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。young年轻的；old老的；clever聪明的；brave勇敢的。根据上文中的“I went to my eldest sister”可知，作者原来是向自己的大姐借的钱。故B选项正确。eldest意为“最年长的”。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。nervous紧张的；youthful年轻的；in

47、creasing不断增长的；false错误的。根据后文中的“the geranium hidden in a paper bag”可知，作者的妹妹把给母亲买的礼物藏在袋子里。由此可以推知，作者的妹妹既为买了礼物高兴，又担心被母亲发现，所以她有点“紧张”，故A选项正确。【23题详解】考查介词词义辨析。on在上面；beside在旁边；behind在后面；under在下面。根据前文中的hidden可以推知，妹妹应该是把袋子藏在毛衣的下面，以防被发现。故D选项正确。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。short短的；rare罕见的；good好的；strong强壮的，结实的。妹妹看了每一株植物，她当然是要找“最好”的。故C选项正确。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。sister姐（妹）；brother兄（第）；cousin堂兄弟；friend朋友。根据该段中的“my you