《2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测》专题01 阅读理解之说明文（一）（解析版） (3).doc

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1、专题01阅读理解之说明文1.（2020届安徽省名校高考模拟）Great Activities for Nature LoversHikingOne of the easiest and most accessible ways to get close to nature is by setting out on a good old fashioned hike. Hiking generally doesn't require any fancy equipment or special skills, just a piece of map and a thirst for ad

2、venture. This activity can be as relaxing as you make it.Backcountry CampingWhy limit yourself to just a day hike when you can have a full weekend for a longer adventure? Backcountry camping involves packing your tent，sleeping gear ,food, and water on your back to set up camp in a remote location. I

3、 youre an experienced hiker and camper ,this is an excellent way to test your survival skills and explore the wilderness.Mountain and Road BikingUnlike long hikes through the woods , biking allows you to cover more ground and travel farther in nature. Mountain biking typically involves riding up and

4、 down steep slopes , between trees , and over rocks. If this sounds too intense or your tires aren't suited for rugged terrain( 地形) , consider taking a road bike on paved trails through forest preserves or along country roads.GardeningContrary to popular belief, you don't have to travel beyo

5、nd your own backyard to experience the beauty of nature every day. If your personality is less adventurous or your mobility restricted, consider planting a garden to grow your own vegetables , fruit , herbs，or flowers. There's something truly satisfying about mixing up a salad with fresh ingredi

6、ents you grow yourself. One of the best parts about spending time in gardening is that it doesn't have to break your budget and anyone can do it.1W hat do hikers need for hiking?APractical skills.BNecessary equipment.CA useful map.DA relaxed mood.2W hat's NOT the advantage of gardening accor

7、ding to the text?AYou don't need to go far to enjoy the beauty of nature.BIt gives you a sense of satisfaction when cooking with fresh ingredients.CIt doesn't take any energy or money to do it.DIs easy to start it for anyone who likes it.3Which of the following can take you to travel farthes

8、t?AHiking.BBackcountry Camping.CMountain and Road Biking.DGardening.【答案】1C2C3C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种亲近大自然的户外活动。1细节理解题。根据第一段“Hiking generally doesn't require any fancy equipment or special skills, just a piece of map and a thirst for adventure.”可知，徒步旅行通常不需要任何花哨的装备或特殊的技能，只需要一张地图和对冒险的渴望。徒步者们需要一张有用的地图，

9、故选C。2推理判断题。根据第三段中“One of the best parts about spending time in gardening is that it doesn't have to break your budget and anyone can do it.”可知，种花园最大的好处是不需要打破预算，每个人都可以做到，并不是不花费时间 C. It doesn't take any energy or money to do it. 不需要花费任何精力和金钱，表述与原文不符，故选C。3细节理解题。根据第三段中“Unlike long hikes through

10、the woods , biking allows you to cover more ground and travel farther in nature.”可知，骑自行车可以是你在大自然中旅行地更远，故选C。2.（2020届安徽省名校高考模拟）We know that reading is good for children. Now, a new study suggests that just being around books has its benefits. A team of researchers in Australia finds that growing up wi

11、th a large library at home improves literacy( 读写能力) ,number-sense , and even technological skills in later life. It appeared in the journal Social Science Research.The researchers were exploring the advantages of scholarly culture. They were interested in a curious observation that some call the “ra

12、diation effect".“Radiation effect is a situation where children grow up around books , but they don't read books. But somehow books benefit them, even though they don't read them as much as their parents wish them to,” said Joanna Sikora , a sociologist in Australia. Joanna and her coll

13、eagues analyzed data collected between 2011 and 2015 by the Organization for Economic Development. The survey assessed the literacy，numeracy(计算能力) , and technological competency of more than 160 , 000 adults from 31 countries. And it included a question about how many books participants had in their

14、 homes during adolescence.“What we were able to make clear was that people growing up around books had better literacy , numeracy and digital problem-solving skills than people who had fewer books growing up but had similar education levels , similar jobs ，and even similar adult habits in terms of r

15、eading or working at various numeracy-improving activities," she said.In fact , teens who only made it through high school but were raised in a bookish environment did as well in adulthood as college graduates who grew up in a house without books. Now , how might mere exposure lead to intellect

16、ual improvement?“If we grow up in a house , in a home where parents enjoy books , where books are given as birthday presents and valued , this is something that becomes a part of our identity and gives us this lifelong urge to always come close to books and read more than we would.”So keep shelves p

17、iled with books. Your kids will not only be grateful, they'll be more likely to be able to spell “grateful" correctly as well.12What's “radiation effect" according to the text?AThe terrible effect of radiation on the persons and things.BThe good influence of the bookish environment

18、 on adolescents.CThe beneficial effect of reading books on adolescents.DThe bad effect of the environment without books on adolescents.13How does the exposure to books improve intellect?ABooks bring a sense of identity and eagerness to read more.BBooks help to provide a chance to come close to socie

19、ty,CBooks are always given to adolescents as valuable presents.DBooks will offer the teens an urge to make great achievements.14What's the author's attitude towards bookish environment?AOpposed.BNeutral.CIndifferent.DSupportive.15What's the best title for the text?AReading More Helps Imp

20、rove Children's AbilitiesBReading at Home Brings Children Many AdvantagesCGrowing Up Around Books Benefits Children a LotDCreating a Bookish Environment for Children Is of Much Importance【答案】12B13A14D15C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了书香环境对于孩子成长的好处。12推理判断题。根据第二段中“Radiation effect is a situation where children

21、grow up around books , but they don't read books. But somehow books benefit them, even though they don't read them as much as their parents wish them to”可知，辐射效应在本文中指在书香环境中长大的孩子，虽然他们没有像父母期待的那样读那么多的书，但他们仍然从书中受益良多。由此推断出，书香环境对青少年的良好影响，故选B。13推理判断题。根据第三段中“If we grow up in a house , in a home where

22、 parents enjoy books , where books are given as birthday presents and valued , this is something that becomes a part of our identity and gives us this lifelong urge to always come close to books and read more than we would.”可知，如果我们生长在父母热爱书、珍惜书的家庭中，这将成为我们认知中的一部分，让我们终身都有接近书，多读书的渴望。故选A。14观点态度题。根据最后一段中“

23、So keep shelves piled with books.”所以书柜里装满书吧。由此可知，作者对于书香环境是支持的，故选D。15主旨大意题。根据全文的大意，尤其是第一段中“We know that reading is good for children. Now, a new study suggests that just being around books has its benefits.”可知，本文主要讲述了书香环境对孩子成长的好处。故选C。3.（2020届甘肃省天水市第一中学高三诊断）Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beachs Bar

24、Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtels “me” time. And like more Americans, shes not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent) have breakfa

25、st alone and nearly half(46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know?” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown

26、 West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself,” she said.Just two se

27、ats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom hes on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my days gone and think about the rest

28、 of the week,” he said. “Its a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our

29、smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesnt feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.4What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?AFood variety.BEating habits.CTable manners.DRestauran

30、t service.5Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?ATo meet with her coworkers.BTo catch up with her work.CTo have some time on her own.DTo collect data for her report.6What do we know about Mazoleny?AHe makes videos for the bar.BHes fond of the food at the bar.CHe interviews customers at the ba

31、r.DHes familiar with the barkeeper.7What is the text mainly about?AThe trend of having meals alone.BThe importance of self-reflection.CThe stress from working overtime.DThe advantage of wireless technology.【答案】4B5C6D7A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。据一份报告显示，越来越多的美国人喜欢独自用餐，并通过两个实例加以说明，文章总结了人们喜欢独自用餐的原因。4推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在美

32、国，约有46%的人们独自用餐，53%的人们独自吃早餐，46%的人们独自吃午餐，只有74%的人们晚餐不是独自享用，故可知本段的数据是关于用餐习惯，故选B。5细节理解题。根据第三段A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. Today, I just wanted some time to myself.可知，Bechtel一个人吃午饭可以让她逃离老板的关注，给自己留一些自由时间，故选C。6推理判断题。根据第四段he likes that he can sit and check hi

33、s phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom hes on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction.可知，Mazoleny喜欢这样的气氛，因为可以坐在那里安静查看手机信息，或者想聊天了，可以直呼吧台服务员名字和他聊天，故可知，他与服务员很熟悉，可以直呼对方名字，故选D。7主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示美国人喜欢独自用餐的趋势，并总结了人们选择独自用餐的原因，故选A。4.（2020届甘肃省天水市第一中学高三诊断）Think plants are just

34、 boring green things that you use for food and decoration? Think again! Plants are able to do some pretty awesome things that youre probably totally unaware of.Researchers have discovered that plants have the ability to communicate with an underground network made up of fungus (真菌) , which serves th

35、e plants in many ways. Tomato plants use the fungus web to warn each other of their own unhealthy conditions. Trees connected through the fungus network could move nutrients (养分) to and from each other. It is believed that larger trees move nutrients to smaller ones to help them to survive.Not only

36、that, but they can also damage unwelcome plants by spreading poisonous chemicals through the fungus. It sounds like the plant world had the Internet before we did.Some plants have a rather impressive line of defense against being eaten. When sensing they are being swallowed, they give off a chemical

37、 into the air that attracts the insects natural enemy. The enemy attacks the bug, thus saving the plants. This is basically the plant kingdom version of getting your older brother to beat up that kid who steals your lunch money.You might be aware that humans and animals have an internal clock. But d

38、id you know that plants also have this clock? This means they can prepare for certain times of day just like we do. Is it because they can react to light at sunrise? In a study, scientists found that plants use the sugars they produce to keep time, which help to regulate the genes responsible for th

39、e plants own internal clock. So, in a sense, wake up with petunias (矮牵牛) is just as valid as wake up with the chickens.Nature is full of surprises. So for those of you who didnt know the wonders of plants, now you do.8How many ways does the network of fungus serve the plants?ATwo.BThree.CFour.DFive.

40、9What does the underlined words “your older brother” in Paragraph 4 refer to?AThe chemical given off by plants.BThe insects natural enemy.CThe bug attacked by the enemy.DThe plant to be eaten by the insect.10What helps the plant keep time?AThe sugars produced by itself.BIts own genes.CThe time of su

41、nrise.DIts response to light.11What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo show his love of different plants.BTo share his study on some awesome plants.CTo introduce the unknown abilities of plants.DTo make people aware of plant protection.【答案】8B9B10A11C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了植物有很多人类没有发现的本领，包括：拥有一个

42、通过真菌为媒介的地下“网络”来互通消息、能够自己想办法防御昆虫袭击和拥有植物生物钟。8推理判断题。根据第二段中的Tomato plants use the fungus web to warn each other of their own unhealthy conditions. Trees connected through the fungus network could move nutrients (养分) to and from each other. It is believed that larger trees move nutrients to smaller ones

43、to help them to survive.及第三段中的Not only that, but they can also damage unwelcome plants by spreading poisonous chemicals through the fungus.可知，真菌网状可以帮助西红柿发出自身处于不健康状况的警告信息(use the fungus web to warn each other of their own unhealthy conditions)、传送营养物质(move nutrients to and from each other)、通过传播有害化学物质破

44、坏不良植物 (damage unwelcome plants by spreading poisonous chemicals through the fungus)，因此真菌网状一共有三种方式为植物服务，故B项正确。9词义猜测题。第四段讲述了植物有一种使人印象深刻的防止被吃的方式：当感觉到要被吃掉时，它们会释放一种化学物质到空气中，吸引昆虫的天敌，天敌进而攻击昆虫，间接救了植物。这种现象就好像植物界的大哥代替你教训偷你午餐费的小孩一样。这句话把 plants 比喻成“你”，kid 比喻成the insect，因而 your older brother 就是the insects natura

45、l enemy，故B项正确。10细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的In a study, scientists found that plants use the sugars they produce to keep time, which help to regulate the genes responsible for the plants own internal clock. 可知，植物可以利用自身产生的糖分来区分时间，这些糖分有助于调节作用于植物自身生物钟的基因，故A项正确。11推理判断题。根据第一段中的 Plants are able to do some pretty aweso

46、me things that youre probably totally unaware of.可知，作者指出植物有很多人类没有发现的本领，后文逐步展开、进行详细介绍，因此作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍植物不为人知的能力，故C项正确。5.（2020届甘肃省天水市第一中学高三诊断） The idea that computers have some amount of “intelligence” is not new, says Ralph Haupter, the president of Microsoft Asia, pointing as far back as 1950 when co

47、mputer pioneer Alan Turing asked whether machines can think. “So it has taken nearly 70 years for the right combination of factors to come together to move AI from concept to reality,” says Haupter.It is predicted that the development of artificial intelligence will be the story of the coming genera

48、tions, not just the coming year, but as 2019 gets underway, youll find AI will begin to touch your life in many ways according to some researchers.“Personal assistant AIs will keep getting smarter. As our personal assistants learn more about our daily routines, I can imagine the day I need not to worry about preparing dinner. My AI knows what I like to eat, which days of the week I like to cook at home, and makes sure that when I get back from work all my groceries are waiting at my doorstep, ready for me to prepare that delicious meal I had been longing for.” -Alecjandro Troccoli, sen