《2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测》重难点04 阅读理解之议论文（原卷版）.doc

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1、重难点04 阅读理解之议论文【命题趋势】议论文是英语中的重要文体，在每年的高考阅读理解中占有一定的比例。议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。议论文的写法通常有以下三种形式：写法一：正方(甲方)，反方(乙方)，我认为 写法二：提出问题，分析问题，解决问题。写法三：论点，理由(证据)，重申论点。议论文的内容涵盖文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等各个方面。在这类体裁的文章中把握好论点、论据和论证很重要。此类体裁的文章中有关主旨大意和推理判断的题目会较多，这也是得分比较难的题型。在阅读这类文章的时候，我们要

2、认真把握作者的态度，领悟弦外之音，从而更好地依据文章的事实做出合理的推断。【满分技巧】注意事项：1. 避免读得太快，做题靠印象和直觉。(要求每一道题回到原文去找答案)2. 要先看题目，后读文章。(与先读文章，后看题目的比较)高考材料阅读方法：先通读全文，重点读首段、各段的段首段尾句，然后其他部分可以略读，再审题定位，比较选项，选出答案。要有把握文章的宏观结构、中心句的能力。3. 阅读中需要特别注意并做记号的有：(1)标志类、指示类的信息。表示并列关系：and, also, coupled with等；表示转折关系：but, yet, however, by contrast等；表示因果关系：t

3、herefore, thereby, consequently, as a result等；表示递进关系：in addition to, even, whats more, furthermore等；表示重要性的词：prime, above all, first等。以上关键词有助于我们对文章逻辑结构的把握。(2)具有感情色彩、显示作者态度的词：blind盲目的(贬), excessively过分的(贬), objective(客观)等。4. 常见问题：(1)读不懂怎么？问题本身太空泛，应该仔细分析问题到底在哪儿。首先要能意识到自身问题所在。unconscious incompetent (无意

4、识无能力)属于问题认知的第一阶段；conscious incompetent (有意识无能力)属于问题认知的第二阶段；conscious competent (有意识有能力)属于问题认知的第三阶段；unconscious competent (无意识有能力)属于问题认知的第四阶段。从认知的第三阶段达到第四阶段，是一个反复熟练的过程。(2)读懂了文章之后还做错题怎么办？(3)做完了一遍不愿意看第二遍怎么办？(4)做题技巧用不上怎么办？能够不由自主地按照正确的思路解题了，才表明我们正确掌握了这些技巧。在课堂听明白之后，还需要回去自己思考，针对自己的实际进行分析，从而对症下药。【热点话题】 议论文热

5、衷于社会现象类，社会热点类。【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）A（合肥六中2020届高三冲刺最后一卷）话题：虽然医疗技术越来越发达，在动物身上已经成功实施了脑部移植，但是作者认为不应该进行脑部移植。难度：建议用时：5分Nowadays medical technology seems to be advanced enough for doctors to perform brain transplants (移植). Though this procedure has only been successfully performed on animals so far, doctors ar

6、e still hoping to perform this procedure on humans. However, in my opinion, brain transplants should not be performed at all, especially not on humans because of the large number of problems and side effects that could come along with. Hopefully these dangerous side effects will convince doctors not

7、 to perform this procedure on humans.Despite many benefits technology brings, I do not think this medical technology of brain transplants will help. We were all born with one brain and through childhood to adolescence our mind developed into who we are, so if with a different brain we would no longe

8、r be unique. A person with a different brain would seem to be a total stranger and in many ways they would be. No one should steal our identity from us, even if we are seriously injured, and change it to a completely new one. Also for the people who have died with healthy brains, that was their iden

9、tity and it should not be given to anyone else.Another problem with brain transplants is how doctors can choose what are “healthy” or “normal” brains. An elderly person who has died would have an aged brain that would not be as efficient as a younger persons brain. Then would doctors have to find he

10、althy brains of the same age as the person who needs it? This could also bring up other factors such as intelligence, gender, or physical problems that a person might have had before death. Also another problem might be how long a brain can be kept “alive” after death and how it can be kept “alive”

11、without damage.Overall, my feelings about this surgery are that it should not be done on humans until doctors have overcome all the problems and obstacles (障碍) that stand in their way of making human brain transplants successful.12. Why does the author think brain transplants should not be performed

12、 at all?A. The cost of the surgery is extremely high.B. Doctors are not able to perform brain transplants.C. A good many problems and side effects may arise.D. This procedure has only been successful on animals.13. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. People shouldnt give their healthy brain

13、s to others.B. Having a brain transplant means losing ones identity.C. Transplanting brains is changing old brains into new ones.D. Having brain transplants indicates stealing identity from others.14. What do we know about “healthy” brains?A. Aged brains arent healthy brains.B. Young brains are alwa

14、ys healthy.C. Healthy brains cannot be kept “alive”.D. Its very difficult to tell healthy brains.15. What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?A. To encourage brain donation.B. To stress the importance of brain operation.C To argue against brain transplants on humans.D. To introduce the tec

15、hnology of brain transplants. B（郑州外国语学校2020届高三第八次调研考试）话题：这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了未经允许在网上分享音乐是偷窃行为。难度：建议用时：5分Throughout history, music spread among people of different cultures. In todays technological advanced society, however, people spread music online, sometimes without an artists permission. This can lea

16、d to many problems, and music companies are now cracking down on this practice. Sharing music online without permission is theft.Sharing music online prevents recording companies from making money from their efforts. They say that sharing music online has resulted in a huge drop in profits and sales

17、 over the past 10 years. People who find music for free online are not paying for CDs or every MP3 downloaded. To truly understand the influence of music piracy (盗版行为) on creators, one must understand how many people are involved in the recording process. For the sale of each album, profits must be

18、shared between musicians, sound engineers, music producers, managers, advertisers, and the company selling the product. Many people believe sharing music only affects the recording artist, but the reality is that sharing hurts business for all companies involved.There are many people who dont see th

19、e harm in sharing music online and even think they have the right to do it. One online blogger states that he originally paid for an entire CD and that he should be able to do with the material whatever he wants. While he may have legally paid for the music, he does not have the right to provide per

20、mission, which means people like the blogger are thieves.Although we dont spread todays music the same way we did before, theres no doubt that people around the world love to share music. However, internet piracy would prevent musicians from continuing producing albums for fear of theft. Therefore,

21、if people want to continue listening to their favorite artists, they need to buy their music so that artists will make enough profit to continue their music careers.8. The underlined phrase “cracking down on” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.A. bringing up carefullyB. speaking highly ofC. d

22、ealing seriously withD. destroying completely9. What can we infer from the text?A. Artists are taking action to protect their right.B. Sharing music files online affects a lot of people.C. Online music sharing increases sales of music CD.D. A person who bought a CD has the right to share it online.1

23、0. How is the text organized?A. TopicArgumentExplanation.B. OpinionDiscussionDescription.C. Main ideaComparisonSupporting statements.D. IntroductionSupporting statementsConclusion.11. What is the main idea of the text?A. Music piracy is kind of theft.B. Sharing music is Acceptable.C. Downloading mus

24、ic should be punished.D. Music piracy is good for music lovers. C（哈师大附中2020年高三第四次模拟考试）话题：文章用一些成功人士的事例证明了音乐有助于学术成就这个观点。难度：建议用时：5分Many studies link music study to academic achievements. But what is it about serious music training that seems to associate with great success in other fields?I put the que

25、stion to top-flight professionals in industries from tech to finance to media, all of whom had serious (if often little-known) past lives as musicians, Alan Greenspan, former chairman of the Federal Reserve, was a professional saxophone player. The billionaire Bruce Kovner is a pianist who took clas

26、ses at Juilliard. Almost all made a connection between their music training and their professional achievements. Mr. Greenspan says, ''I can tell you as a statistician, the probability that that is mere chance is extremely small. That's all that you can judge about the facts. The importa

27、nt question is: why does that connection exist? ''Paul Allen, the billionaire co-founder of Microsoft, offers an answer. He says music ''builds up your confidence in the ability to create''. The music had the emotional similarity to his day job, with each giving a different t

28、ype of motivation. The NBC chief White House correspondent Chuck Todd, who attended college on music scholarships, says there is a connection between years of practice and competition and what he calls the ''drive for perfection''. He adds, ''The group playing trains you, qui

29、te literally, to play well with others, to know when to solo (独奏) and when to follow. ''For many of the high achievers I spoke with, music functions as a ''hidden language'', as the former World Bank president James Wolfensohn calls it, one that improves the ability to connec

30、t diverse or even contradictory ideas. According to him, music may not make you a genius, or a better person. But it helps train you to think differently, to process different points of view-and most importantly, to take pleasure in listening.12. How does Alan Greenspan find the connection between m

31、usic training and professional achievements?A. It's relatively weak.B. It's not common fact.C. It's not a coincidence.D. It's widely acknowledged.13. What quality does music equip Chuck Todd with?A. Teamwork.B. Confidence.C. Creativity.D. Tolerance.14. How does the author mainly deve

32、lop the text？A. By comparing different facts.B. By debating and concluding.C. By self-questioning and answering.D. By offering concrete examples.15. What can be inferred from the text?A. Music contributes to success.B. Music is the universal language.C. Music can change your career.D. Music is linke

33、d to academic success. D（2020届广西柳州高级中学高三4月线上月考英语试题）话题：不要因别人的质问而怀疑自己选择的专业难度：建议用时：5分Why have so many awards ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and art

34、ists could win "patronage" from rich people-a king or a lord would give the artist or scientist money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is

35、now cither funded by the state or by private companies. Perhaps awards ceremonies are just the most recent face of this process.However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people will go and see it or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel prize, many more people

36、buy his books. When a group win the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result? The group sell lots more records.Most awards ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the aw

37、ard who benefits but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicising not only music but also MTV itself！On the surface, it seems to be a "win-win" situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question-how far do you think that publicity and marketing

38、 are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?12. Why are some successful people like Shakespeare mentioned at the very beginning of the passage?A. To show great admiration.B. To provide the background.C. To prepare for the topic.D. To answer the question.13. Art

39、ists and scientists used to receive money from_.A. rich people's supportB. ales of their worksC. different awardsD. the government14. The writer thinks awards actually do a better job in_.A. getting the winners' great achievements recognizedB. financially supporting a scientist's or an a

40、rtist's workC. improving the status of the greatest scientists or artistsD. earning more money for the awards ceremony sponsors15. What is the writer's attitude towards awards ceremonies？A. Subjective.B. Approving.C. Doubtful.D. Indifferent. E（黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学校2021届高三上学期开学考试英语试题）话题：作者认为我们的内在模式真正

41、决定了我们的情绪。难度：建议用时：5分Have you ever thought that your life will be perfect if something in your outside world changes? You may say, “I will live happily if I find my soul mate.” You may say, “If the perfect job comes along, I will get satisfaction. My problem is that my boss is stupid.” Or you may say,

42、 “If I have a child, I will know what it is like to be loved.” The problem is that it is not the outside world that prevents you from experiencing peace, love and joy. Instead, it is your own internal (内部的) patterns that get in your way.To prove this point, at my weekend programs, I had my students

43、look at a flower on my table. Then I asked them to share their experiences. Some showed a state of complete joy because staring at the flower reminded them of their wedding or a great trip with their lovers. Others said the flower made them angry because it reminded them of a gift given by a former

44、partner who turned against them. Some students even told me that the flower reminded them of their beloved grandmothers gardens with some shedding tears (流泪)of joy and others shedding tears of sadness. However, the flower was still just a flower.Our internal patterns decide whether each moment is fi

45、lled with peace, anger, joy, love or sadness. When you dont realize that it is your own internal state that is creating your experience, you are likely to blame (责备)the external situations in your life. Most people arent taught that emotion is a choice. And they arent taught how to change those lowe

46、r emotional patterns such as anger, anxiety, sadness and so on. Next time, when you meet something bad, please look at your internal state. When you accept that you are responsible for your own state, and find the courage to turn inward, you can step out of being a slave to what shows up in your ext

47、ernal world.32. Why does the author mention the examples in Paragraph 1 ?A. To lead to the topic of this passage.B. To complain about imperfect life.C. To show common problems in life.D. To encourage people to change the outside world.33. How does the author prove his opinion?A. By giving examples.B

48、. By doing an experiment.C. By telling a related story.D. By comparing other peoples opinions.34. What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph?A. To step out of negative emotions.B. To pay attention to our internal world.C. To share our real emotions with others.D. To use different methods to change bad emotions.35. What does the author want to express through the passage?A. Our external world matters a lot.B. Our emotions can affect our health.C. Our internal patterns truly decide our emotions.D. Our experiences have a great influence on our emotion