《2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测》专题01 阅读理解之说明文(一)(原卷版) (2).doc
《《2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测》专题01 阅读理解之说明文(一)(原卷版) (2).doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《《2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测》专题01 阅读理解之说明文(一)(原卷版) (2).doc(19页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、专题01 阅读理解之说明文(一)1.(2020届安徽省合肥市高三第二次质检) People often talk about cultural differences between western and eastern countries, but how about the western world itself? Surprisingly, a closer look at it can reveal a good many curious details.The most obvious characteristic of the majority of Americans is
2、that they smile a lot. It does not matter whether they have a strong reason to smile; they do it, sometimes simply because they have to. A smile is not just a powerful marketing tool but also a way to show that someone is friendly, and that life in general is fine. Europeans, on the contrary, prefer
3、 to keep a more neutral (不露声色的) facial expression. They smile mostly when they are in a good mood, or feel amused; if not, a Europeans face will remain neutral, or even dull. In Russia, for example, there is a proverb saying that laughing for no reason is a sign of a fool. It does not mean that Euro
4、peans are serious, or that they do not have a sense of humor.The same refers to communication in general. Americans are extremely communicative; small talk and chats are common. Europeans talk mostly when there is something to say, and rarely enter communication just for the purpose of talking to ot
5、her people. American people prefer to express what they think carefully, considering how it might affect surrounding people. Europeans are more straightforward, even with unfamiliar people. A European friend will almost always voice their opinion on different occasions, and will not hesitate to remi
6、nd you that you need to lose some weight or take a shower.It can be said that Americans are people of contrasts. They are open-minded, flexible, and ready to accept everything new enthusiastically; but at the same time, American society manages to bring up unbelievable conservatives. Americans are e
7、xtremely politically correct, which, in most cases, is indeed a secure and beneficial practice, but it can also mess up daily or even private communication, sometimes preventing having close relationships. Europeans, on the contrary, are more straightforward, preferring to tell the truth in direct w
8、ays. Each way of communication is different neither is correct or incorrect.4What does the author say about smiling?AIt is culture-related within western countries.BIt is a powerful marketing tool across cultures.CIt is thought of as a sign of a fool in America.DIt is regarded as being socially nece
9、ssary in Europe.5What is typical of Europeans communication?ABeating around the bush.BHaving small talk and chats.CHiding their feelings carefully.DExpressing themselves openly.6What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?ABeing straightforward.BBeing politically correct.CAccep
10、ting everything new.DRaising unbelievable conservatives.7How is the text mainly developed?ABy analyzing cause and effect.BBy making comparisons.CBy classifying body language.DBy discussing research findings.2.(2020届安徽省合肥市高三第二次质检) Scientists have created the worlds first living, self-healing (自愈) rob
11、ots using stem cells from frogs. Named after the African clawed frog from which they take their stem cells, xenobots are less than a millimeter wide (0. 04 inches) small enough to travel inside human bodies. They can walk and swim, survive for weeks without food, and work together in groups. These a
12、re “entirely new life-forms,” said project co-leader Michael Levin, director of the Allen Discovery Center.The researchers removed living stem cells, which have the ability to develop into different cell types, from frog embryos (胚胎), and left them to incubate (孵化). Then, the cells were cut and resh
13、aped into specific “body forms” designed by a supercomputer.” Theyre neither a traditional robot nor a known species of animal,” said robotics expert Joshua Bongard. The cells then began to work on their own and even have the regenerative power; when the scientists cut the living robot almost in hal
14、f, its cells automatically zippered its body back up.Xenobots dont look like traditional robots-they have no shiny clothing or robotic arms. Instead ,they look more like a tiny drop of moving pink flesh. The researchers say this is deliberate-this biological machine can achieve things typical robots
15、 of steel and plastic cannot do.” Traditional robots degrade (降解) over time and can produce harmful ecological and health side effects,” researchers said in the study. As biological machines, xenobots are more environmentally friendly and safer for human health, the study said.Research is being done
16、 into using the robots to clean up radioactive waste or even microplastics from the oceans. Scientists are also trying to include a greater variety of cells; a new nervous system for example. However, some people argue that the addition of nerve cells would cause moral problems. The general public h
17、ave also expressed concern that humans would be taken control of by robots. However, Michael Levin thinks theres no need to worry. “Xenobots have no ability to reproduce or evolve. The supercomputer which is used to produce them does use artificial intelligence. But for now, all is fine,” said Levin
18、.8What is the text mainly about?AThe advantage of AI technology.BThe introduction of a latest robot.CThe medical value of African frogs.DThe application of robots in medicine.9Which of the following best explains “regenerative” underlined in Paragraph 2?AHealing by itself.BReplacing old cells.CLivin
19、g much longer.DDefending against attacks.10What do we know about xenobots?AThey can break up steel and plastic while degrading.BThey can do everything that traditional robots can do.CThey do less harm to the environment and human health.DThey often change their color deliberately while moving.11What
20、 is Michael Levins attitude toward the development of xenobots?AAmbiguous.BPositive.CSkeptical.DCautious.3.(2020届安徽省合肥市高三第二次质检) A new study recently found that elephants in central African forests can encourage the growth of slow-growing trees and increase the ability of the forest to store carbon.“
21、As a tree, theres a trade-off you cant have it all,” explained Fabio Berzaghi, who led the study. “You either invest in growing fast, or in building a lot of structure with carbon to be more resistant.” Elephants prefer to eat fast-growing trees in more open spaces. As they feed and walk, they cause
22、 damage to these species, knocking over trees or breaking off branches, which results in an ecosystem that favors large, slow-growing hardwood trees. “As the elephants thin the forest, they increase the number of slow-growing trees and the forest is capable of storing more carbon, ” said Stephen Bla
23、ke, one of the papers authors.Scientists collected field measurements in the Congo Basin and used a computer model to predict how elephants would affect forest structure, and carbon storage potential in the long term. The data confirmed that when elephants are present, the forest contains larger tre
24、es and higher abundances of species with high wood density. Conversely (相反地),should forest elephants go extinct, leaving those slow-growing trees struggling to compete with fast-growing species, it would result in a 7 percent loss of above-ground biomass (生物总量). As a result, central African forests
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测专题01阅读理解之说明文(一)(原卷版)(2)
限制150内