《2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测》专题05 阅读理解之议论文（原卷版） (3).doc

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1、专题05阅读理解之议论文1.（2020届安徽省名校高考模拟）Smoking in your own home in Thailand may now be considered a crime , if the smoke is considered harmful to other people in the house.The new law , Family Protection and Development Promotion Act , was initiated(启动) by the Ministry of Social Development and Human Securit

2、y and was announced in the Royal Gazette on May 22 ,2019.The law aims at curbing smoking at home which might be hazardous for others' health residing under the same roof. In that case, it will be considered as “domestic violence". The new law came into force on August 20.According to the ce

3、nter for research and knowledge management for tobacco control , at the Faculty of Medical Science of Mahidol University , there are about 4.9 million households where one or more family members smoke.An average of 10. 3 million people have unwittingly (不知不觉地) become passive smokers because they'

4、;ve been breathing in smoke at home. Scientific studies show that passive smokers are al greater risk of being affected by cancer.Of 75 child patients from houses where smoking is practiced ,76% of them were found to have nicotine traces in their urine , with 43% of them having nicotine content exce

5、eding permissible levels.Smoking at home also “may lead to physical or emotional violence” because of aggressiveness when there is a . lack of smoking, and might as well ruin relationships between smokers and non-smoker family members.According to the new law , anyone who thinks they are affected by

6、 domestic smoking can report to officials concerned so that inspectors will be sent to investigate and take legal action against the smokers.Once convicted , the court may order a person to receive treatment to quit smoking in an attempt to protect the person's family.In February in 2019 ,Thaila

7、nd had banned smoking at six of its airports along with a ban in public places.8What is the fact about the new law in Thailand?AIt makes it clear that smoking at home is a crime.BIs a law on protecting the health of non-smokers.CIt was drafted and adopted by the royal family.DIt classifies smoking a

8、s a form of domestic violence.9Which of the following can replace the underlined word “curbing” in Paragraph 3?ATreating.BChanging.CImproving.DControlling.10What is NOT the evil consequence of smoking at home?AIt may increase the risk of cancer in passive smokers.BIt will probably cause physical or

9、emotional violence.CIt will make the smokers become more aggressive.DIt may lead 10 disharmony in family relations.11What conclusion can we draw from the passage?ASmoking is illegal anywhere in Thailand.BSmokers are less likely 10 develop cancer than non-smokers.CPeople who smoke at home in Thailand

10、 will be sent to prison.DThailand is committed to creating a smoke-free environment.2.（2020届福建省泉州市高三第一次质检）Almost every community has some form of rules and some way of enforcing them. So why do we have rules, and what makes people follow them?Studies have suggested that the reason we don't like

11、rule-breaking is because fairness is programmed into our brains. Scientists have found that the brain reacts in a particular way when we feel we are being treated unfairly.A fair situation makes us feel comfortable and even happy, but unfairness causes our brains to respond with negative feelings.Th

12、e study found that this a so happened when subjects saw others being treated unfairly. They concluded that fairness is one of basic human needs.Arriving at a feeling of fairness means considering different, often conflicting, points of view. Regardless of the disagreement, people almost always need

13、to compromise. But it can be difficult to arrive at a compromise when there are conflicting interests. This is why communities have rules that everyone must follow.Social controls are an important factor in setting and following rules.They influence the way we be have, and can be internal (内在的) or e

14、xternal. Internal controls come from within and are based on our values and fears. Most of us don't steal, for example, because we believe that theft is unfair and wrong. We also don't want to disappoint our family and friends. In other words, our internal controls keep us from behaving in w

15、ays that cause conflict.External controls include rewards and punishments. Rewards, such as job promotions and praise, are designed to encourage people to be have and actin the interest of the whole community.Punishments, such as public embarrassment, fines, and even imprisonment can prevent people

16、from acting against the community's best interests.People need their communities to function smoothly.If there were no rules, most people would probably still behave positively. However, there would always be a minority who would not. This is why a society without rules is unlikely to exist.12Wh

17、at does the underlined word ''this'' in paragraph 2 refer to?AA program in human brains.BA comfortable situation.CThe response with bad feelings.DThe requirement off fairness.13Why do communities have rules?ATo punish illegal activities.BTo prevent disagreement.CTo promote fairness.D

18、To meet various demands.14Which of the following is an example of internal control?ATake exams honestly because cheating is shamefulBPark in the right place so as not to get a parking ticket.CPay the electricity bill on time in order not to get a late fee.DCooperate with your classmates to win a pri

19、ze for your class.15What is the best title for this passage?ALiving by the rulesBWhy communities need rulesCReaching a compromiseDHow fairness functions3.（2020届广东广雅中学高三适应性考试）In general, the ancient Romans were a practical people. They cared less about philosophy and pure mathematics than did the Gre

20、eks. The Romans were the best of the ancient engineers and architects. They were brilliant students of Greek geometry and trigonometry, and they applied their knowledge to the construction of fine bridges, roads, and public buildings.They knew about the smelting of iron ore, but they used the iron t

21、hey produced mainly for spears, swords, and shields, rather than for building construction.While the Romans accomplished practical wonders, they did very little theoretical scientific thinking. Because of their frequent wars, many of their inventions were no more than improvements in the design of G

22、reek weapons with which they were familiar.There are two reasons for the Roman neglect of philosophy and pure mathematics. First, they were apparently too busy conquering nearby nations and forming them into a rapidly growing empire to waste much time on abstract thinking. Secondly, they were handic

23、apped by the rigidity of their numerical system. (Try to multiply XI by LVII or to divide CXLIII by IX; it simply cannot be done with pencil and paper.) The Romans did all of their arithmetic on an abacus, the ancient counterpart of the modem computing machine. Their number system discouraged the st

24、udy of pure mathematics.8The author calls the Romans “practical" because they_.Athey didn't care about philosophyBthey just learned from Greek geometryCthey applied what they learned to constructionDthey thought little of theoretical scientific thinking9According to the passage, the Romans

25、excelled in_.Asmelting iron oreBengineering and architectureCimproving Greek weaponsDproducing spears, swords, and shields10The underlined word “counterpart" in the last paragraph means _.AequivalentBcalculatorCappearanceDpartner11The passage mainly talks about _.Awhy Romans ignored mathematics

26、BRomans' discouraging number systemChow Romans accomplished practical wondersDRomans who neglected theoretical thought4.（2020届广东广雅中学高三适应性考试）You know you have to read "between the lines" to get the most out of anything. I want to persuade you to do something equally important in the cou

27、rse of your reading. I want to persuade you to “write between the lines." Unless you do, you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading.I insist, quite bluntly, that marking up a book is not an act of damage but of love.There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is t

28、he property right you establish by paying for it, just as you pay for clothes and furniture. But this act of purchase is only the first step to possession. Full ownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it. I am argu

29、ing that books must be absorbed in your bloodstream to do you any good.Why is marking up a book necessary to reading? First, it keeps you awake. (And I don't mean only conscious; I mean wide awake.) In the second place, reading, if it is active, is thinking and thinking tends to express itself i

30、n words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the author expressed.But, you may ask, why is writing necessary? Well, the physical act of writing, with your own hand, brings words and sentence

31、s more sharply before your mind and preserves them better in your memory. To set down your reaction to important words and sentences you have read, and the questions they have raised in your mind, is to preserve those reactions and sharpen those questions.If reading is to accomplish anything more th

32、an passing time, it must be active. You can't let your eyes glide across the lines in a book and come up with an understanding of what you have read. The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation, and nothing is lost. An ordinary piece of light fiction, like "Gone wit

33、h the Wind," doesn't require the most active kind of reading, and you don't absorb the ideas of John Dewey the way you absorb the story of David Copperfield.You may also say that this business of marking books is going to slow up your reading. It probably will. That's one of the rea

34、sons for doing it. Most of us have been taken in by the notion that speed of reading is a measure of our intelligence. There is no such things as the right speed for intelligent reading. Some things should be read quickly and effortlessly, and some should be read slowly and even laboriously. The sig

35、n of intelligence in reading is the ability to read different things differently according to their worth. In the case of good books, the point is not to see how many of them you can get through, but rather how many can get through you how many you can make your own. A few friends are better than a

36、thousand acquaintances. If this be your aim, as it should be, you will not be impatient if it takes more time and effort to read a great book than it does a newspaper.12Full ownership of a book does not occur until _.Ait is purchasedBit is read between the linesCit is written between the linesDit is

37、 worn, shaken and loosened13The main advantage of marking up a book is _.Ato keep you from feeling sleepyBto show that you are absorbed in readingCto make yourself conscious that you are reading activelyDto make yourself a part of it, making further understanding possible14The author most probably a

38、grees that _.AGone with the Wind and David Copperfield are not thought-through booksBMarking a book can help preserve your questions about what is readCReading will benefit us more if it is done activelyDIntelligent people usually read quickly and differently15The purpose of this passage is _.Ato te

39、ll the readers how to read different booksBto encourage the readers to read slowly but activelyCto argue that the readers should read between linesDto introduce ways to mark up a book while reading5.（2020届河南省六市第一次模拟）Although there is growing research into the negative effect that screen-based techno

40、logy can have on well-being(健康), the trick technology companies have somehow played is that they have made it our problem, not theirs. For example, it is ridiculous that we blame young people for being addicted to their apps when the simple truth is that they are designed to be addictive. In the wor

41、ld of apps, addiction is what brings in money.Whether you run a video service, a news site or a mobile game, certainly your product will have an effect on the mental health of your users - negative or positive. But the sad reality is that if you are not optimizing that effect, it tends to be former.

42、 The reason why so much technology doesnt support well-being was no consideration in its design.An important area for improvement is notifications(通知). Notifications are a great example of a feature thats great for the product but bad for the users, since not only do they make us less focused but th

43、ey also cause anxiety about the things weve missed, a symptom of addiction. There is very little good about an inbox icon(收件箱图标)showing a bright red circle with a high number on it. Notifications can be made friendlier by not showing them in real time. One idea is to show the level of unread message

44、s through the weight of the app name. So if you had lots of emails, your Mail app would be very bold(粗体的), but if you didnt have any, it would be lighter. In this way, less attention will be required.Though it sounds challenging, finally money will talk. It is possible to make changes to products th

45、at dont damage their primary income models. Changes could be made that help us feel better about ourselves. When a company becomes more well-being-positive, they add a competitive difference and become more attractive.32What can be concluded from the first paragraph?AYoung people can be tricked easi

46、ly.BScreen-based technology is negative.CThe addiction problem cant be solved.DTech companies are to blame for addiction.33If the users dont improve the effect on well-being, it tends to be _.AindifferentBoptimisticCpessimisticDinteresting34How can the apps reduce the negative effects according to t

47、he author?ABy removing the inbox icon.BBy limiting peoples screen time.CBy making notifications less eye-catching.DBy informing the users of messages in no time.35What does the author think of well-being-positive companies?AThey will enjoy the benefit finally.BThey will have an uncertain future.CThe

48、y will do good to the minority.DThey will change income models.6.（2020届湖南省郴州市高三第二次教学质量监测） The latest sports craze is not even a sport. According to a recent article, “e-sports” are attracting a large number of audience.In e-sports, players and teams compete in popular video computer games such as Dota 2 and Ovenvatch. Fans fill arenas to watch the action live on huge television screens.The games have gone way past kids playing against each other while sitting on a sofa at home. The International, a major competition for players of Dota 2, awarded $24 millio