《2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测》专题01 语法填空（讲练）（解析版）.doc

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1、2020届高三二轮复习英语精品资料【讲练】专题 1 语法填空【构建知识体系】2017-2019年全国高考本专题考查分布明细统计情况考点 201820172019卷卷卷卷卷卷卷卷卷命题特点有提示词名词11111111.一般为200词左右的说明文或者记叙文，难度适中，符合高中生的阅读水平2考查形式为给出提示词和不给出提示词两种，不给出提示词的题目一般为3个，提示词填空多为7个代词11词性转换232232223时态、语态和主谓一致121222222非谓语动词222212231无提示词连词或连接词11111223给出提示词的题目包括词性转换、名词的单复数、动词的时态/语态和非谓语动词等；不给出提示词的

2、有冠词、连词或连接词、代词、介词等，不给出提示词时只能填一个单词冠词1111111代词111介词11111111其他11体裁说明文说明文记叙文说明文说明文记叙文说明文记叙文记叙文【考纲解读】考试大纲要求考纲解读普通高中英语课程标准(实验)明确指出：高中学生应该学习和掌握的英语语言基础知识包括语音、词汇、语法、功能和话题等五个方面的内容(教育部)。考查考生对语法、词汇和语用知识的掌握情况。语篇型语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。【剖析全国高考真题】预测高考命题方向2017-2019年新课标卷高考英语语法填空试题分析：年

3、份试卷类型体裁词数话题考点分布2019年新课标卷I说明文185介绍了北极熊的生存现状提示词7个61.同位语从句 62. 副词用法63. 介词64. 非谓语动词65. 时态66. 名词67. 非谓语动词68. 形容词比较级69. 定冠词70. 主谓一致。新课标卷II记叙文195九十高龄的Irene作为英国最年长的全职员工，她被颁发 “年度女士”称号。提示词7个61.非谓语动词62.定语从句63.副词用法64.动词时态65.不定式作定语66.动词时态67.并列连词68.非谓语动词69.冠词用法70.形容词作表语新课标卷III记叙文180作者去夏威夷度假途中的经历以及到了主人家后受到的礼遇。提示词7

4、个61.副词62.不定式63.介词64.定语从句65.一般过去时66.名词67.形容词68.副词69.一般过去时的被动语态70.分词2018年新课标卷I 说明文 196跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们延年益寿提示词7个61.副词的级 62. 不定式63.动名词64.时态65.比较句型66.定语从句67.名词数68. 词形变化69.词形变化。70.代词或名词新课标卷II 说明文 208 中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界上的知名人士的认可提示词7个61.时态62. 冠词63. 副词64. 非谓语动词65. 连词66. 词性转换67.词性转换68. 时态69. 定语从句70. 省略句新

5、课标卷III 记叙文 193在中非偶遇大猩猩，彼此惊恐的经历提示词7个61.宾语从句62.冠词63.最高级64. 动词65. 非谓语66. 名词67. 动词短语68. 代词69. 时态70. 非谓语2017年新课标卷I 说明文 223低脂肪、低盐的饮食趋势及其对人们健康的影响提示词7个61. 介词62. 名词的数63. 非谓语动词64. 谓语动词65. 冠词66. 比较级67. 主谓一致68. 非谓语动词69. 形容词70. 定语从句新课标卷II 说明文201世界第一个地铁的形成和发展提示词7个61.名词的数62.介词63.非谓语动词64.冠词65.被动语态66.副词67.代词68. 时态69

6、. 名词70. 形容词新课标卷III 说明文215 Sarah Thomas在学业和诱人的职业面前所做出的选择。提示词7个61. 非谓语动词62. 冠词63.时态和语态64. 定语从句65. 非谓语动词66. 名词67. 名词的数68. 介词69. 动词时态70. 副词1.【2019·全国I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are r

7、are north of 88°,there is evidence _61_ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been _62_ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,00

8、0-25,000 polar bears worldwide.Modem methods _63_ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive _64_ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut _65_ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settleme

9、nts, leading to a _66_ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by _67_ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are _68_ (high) than they actually are. Of _69_ nineteen recognized polar bear s

10、ubpopulations, three are declining, six _70_ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】61. that 62. poorly 63. of/for 64. to perform 65. have reported 66. belief 67. noting 68. higher 69. the 70. are【解析】本文为科普类说明文。文章向我们介绍了目前北极熊的生存现状。近年来，在人类居住的地方看到北极熊的次数有所增加，这导致人们错误地认为北极熊的数量在上升，可事实

11、并非如此。61. that 考查名词性从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence内容，故填that。62. poorly 考查形容词副词。分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。63. of/about 考查介词。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，methods of/for doing sth. 意为“的方法”。故填of/for。64. to perform考查非谓语动词。主

12、系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语（主语+be +adj. + to do） 。句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，且在如此大区域内持续采用是很昂贵的。故填to perform。65. have reported 考查动词时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，句中需用现在完成时态。故填have reported。66. belief考查词性转换。由其前不定冠词和其后that引导的同位语从句可知，空格处需填名词形式。故填belief。67. noting 考查非谓语动词。介词by后填动名词形式，此处表示主动故填noting。句意：

13、对此，科学家们的回应是饥饿的熊可能正聚集在人类聚居地的周围。note在此处为动词，意为“指出”。68. higher 考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处需用形容词的比较级，故填higher。69. the 考查定冠词。此处特指“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”。故填定冠词the。70. are 考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故需用复数谓语，时态为一般现在时。故填are。2.【2019·全国II】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个

14、适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for _61_ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， _62_ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work hav

15、e _63_(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene _64_(declare) she had no plans _65_ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love c

16、oming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _66_(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, _67_ because I want to.”Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said，“We don't

17、have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call _68_ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was _69_ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's _70_ (wonder).”【答案】61. being 62. which 63. finally 64. declared 65. to retire 66. have mad

18、e 67. but 68. saying 69. a 70. wonderful【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了一位90岁的英国女士Irene Astbury，因为仍然坚持每周上班，获得年度“年度女性奖”称号的故事。本文以积极工作为切入点，宣传劳动精神，引导考生培养劳动意识。 61. being考查非谓语动词。分析空格前面介词for，后面要求使用v-ing的形式，作介词的宾语，故填being。62. which考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子中的the pet shop是真正的先行词，指物，空格后面的句子中opened缺少宾语，故填which引导非限制性定语从句。63. finally 考查

19、副词。分析have 63 （final）been acknowledged语境可知，此处是副词修饰动词，作状语， 故填finally。 64. declared 考查时态。分析本句的结构，缺少谓语，同时结合后面的句子中的had可知，使用一般过去时。填declared。65. to retire考查非谓语动词。根据语境，表示她宣布她现在还没有要退休的计划。此处使用不定式作plan的后置定语。 66. have made考查时态。结合空格后面的时间状语over the years可知，在过去的多年里，她结交的朋友们，因此说明已经做完的事情，故使用现在完成时。填have made。 67. but考

20、查连词。与前面的句子I work not because I have to中的not构成一个固定结构，notbut不是而是，故填but。68. saying考查非谓语动词。分析say与前面的call之间的关系可知，它们构成了主谓关系，填saying，作后置定语，修饰前面的call。 69. a 考查冠词。根据前面We don't have any idea who put grandma forward我们不知道谁提名了祖母，以及she was short-listed接到电话说她入围了，开始我们以为这是一个玩笑，a joke一个玩笑，故填a。70. wonderful考查词性转换(

21、名词变形容词)。根据前面的We are so proud of her.我们为她感到骄傲和自豪，分析本句空格前面是系动词is，后面跟形容词作表语，故填wonderful。3.【2019·全国III】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。On our way to the house，it was raining _61_ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take _62_ (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.We w

22、ere first greeted with the barking by a pack _63_ dogs，seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters _64_ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _65_(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able

23、to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _66_(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many _67_(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were _68_

24、 (huge)popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay，we _69_(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，_70_ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.【答案】61. so 62. to get 63. of 64. who 65. recommended 66. competition 67. trad

25、itional 68. hugely 69. were 70. listening【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在旅游时所居住的那家主人对他们的热情款待，传递了友善和和谐的情感。61. so考查固定句型。分析结构可知，此处是结果状语从句，修饰副词hard应该填so。“so that”句型，表示“如此以至于”。62. to get考查非谓语动词。根据结构判断此处是句型“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”，意思是“做某事花费某人多长时间”。63. of 考查介词。固定短语：a pack of 意为“一群”。句意：首先欢迎我们的是一群狗的叫声，确切地说是七

26、只狗。64. who 考查定语从句。分析结构可知，masters是先行词，后面是定语从句。从句中缺少主语，判断用关系代词。又因为指代表示“人”的名词masters，所以填who。65. recommended 考查动词时态。 从结构可知and连接两个并列谓语动词，所以判断空格处所填的词应该和shared一致，故填 recommended。66. competition 考查词性转换。形容词interesting应该修饰名词，而且空前有不定冠词an，故填单数名词competition。67. traditional 考查词性转换空格处于名词stories前，判断应该用形容词作定语。故填tradi

27、tional。68. hugely 考查词性转换。空格在句中位于形容词前，所以判断用副词作状语。故填hugely。69. were invited 考查动词时态和语态。根据语境判断句子是讲述过去发生的事情，句中需用一般过去时；而且主语we和动词invite之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动形式。故填were invited。70. listening 考查非谓语动词。分析结构可知，逗号后是非谓语短语作状语，而逻辑主语we和动词listen之间是主动关系，判断用现在分词。故填listening。【高考预测】纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2020年全国高考试题还会文体以记叙文、说明文为主。上下文

28、语境提示3-4个，单词基本形式提示6-7个。侧重对词汇变形的考查。【精讲研法】课堂讲解突破核心考点考点一 冠词、代词、介词等小品词（1）冠词【例1】【2019·新课标I卷】Of _ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】the【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。【例2】【2019·浙江卷】Everybod

29、y wears_ same style of clothes.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。【例3】【2018全国卷】Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _62_ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.62. 考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故特指在过去的25年里。故填the。【例4】【2018·全国

30、卷】Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at _62_ top of her lungs.62. 考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。规律方法1： 如何判断空格处应填冠词？下列情况很可能填不定冠词：(1)_+可数名词(单数)；(2)_+形容词+可数名词(单数)。下列情况下很可能填定冠词：(1)_ (+定语)+名词+ of等介词短语(表示特指)；(2)_ (+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指)；(3)_ (+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语

31、(表示特指)。【变式精练】1.【2020届湖北省华大新高考联盟高三1月教学质量测评】'' I entered 47 industry when I was 93 and this is my third year working as a model, '' she added.【答案】【解析】考查冠词。句意：我93岁进入模特这一行。根据句意可知，这里填定冠词the，特指“模特这一行”，故填the。2. 【2020届河北省衡水中学高三下学期一调】The number of people learning Chinese is on 50increase in C

32、hinas neighboring countries, such as Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：在中国的邻国，如韩国、日本和越南，学习汉语的人数正在增加。根据句意可知，on the increase是固定搭配，意为“正在增加、不断增长”，故填the。3. 【2020届山西省人教新课标高考模拟】Since there are 45large number of existing motivations, 46is important to know which ones are persuasive to you.【答案】a【解

33、析】考查冠词。a number of表示许多，有大量的动力。故填a。4. （浙江省“五校联考”2019届高三上学期第一次考试）As with all other national museums in _40_ United Kingdom, it charges no admission fee.【答案】40. the 【解析】40. 考查冠词的固定用法。the United Kingdom为固定用法，意为“英国”, 故填the。5. （安徽省黄山市普通高中2019届高三11月“八校联考”）“Every storm is _50_example of the power of nature,

34、 It is the greatest show on Earth.”【答案】an （2）代词【例1】【2019·北京】I know I will whisper to _(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.【答案】myself 【解析】考查反身代词，此处用作宾语，表示对自己低声说，所以用“myself”。【例2】When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _68_(they) alive. （2018·全国卷）【答案】68. them

35、【解析】考查代词。此处做find 的宾语，所以用宾格them。【例3】Anyone can call _46_ (they) a “diet expert”, “nutritionist” and even a “doctor” given it could refer to qualifications like a PhD. （河北衡水中学2019届高三上学期期中）【答案】themselves【解析】考查反身代词。句意：任何人都可以称自己为“饮食专家”。call oneself 可译为“自称”，因此本空填themselves。规律方法2： 如何判断空格处应填代词？（1）无提示词。（2）作主

36、语用主格，作宾语用宾格，注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。（3）指示代词（it和this）,不定代词，it用作引导词,反身代词等。【变式精练】1. 【2020届山西省人教新课标高考模拟】Since there are a large number of existing motivations, 46is important to know which ones are persuasive to you.【答案】it【解析】考查代词。这里考查了句型it is+形容词+to do,it做形式主语。故填it。2. 【四川省遂宁市2019-2020学年高三上学期第三次联考】I check ev

37、ery part every day. If it has heavy air pollution, I will prepare masks for my family. I dislike _43_ when the air is bad.【答案】it【解析】考查it用法。句意：我不喜欢空气不好的时候。此处it是形式宾语，when引导的从句是真正的宾语，故答案为it。3.If people design computer viruses，someone will design AT that improves and copies _44_(it). This will be a new

38、form of life that outperforms humans. ”（ 湖南省三湘名校教育联盟2019届高三第一次大联考）【答案】itself 3、介词【例1】（2019·新课标I卷）Modem methods _ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.【答案】of/for【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking pol

39、ar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”,意为“的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。【例2】【2019·浙江卷】But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer _ this question is not clear.【答案】to【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to .这是固定搭配，“的答案是”。故填to。【例3】【2019

40、83;北京卷】First celebrated_ 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区).【答案】in【解析】 in 考查介词的用法，年份前面应该加介词in。【例4】2018·全国卷 I was searching _67_ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worr

41、ied.【答案】for【解析】考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。【例5】山东省师大附中2019届高三上学期第二次模拟考试From her earnings she was able to help her sister Bronia study _46_ Paris, on the understanding that Bronia would, in turn, later help her to get an education.【答案】in【解析】考查介词。表示在巴黎用in Paris。故填in。规律方法3：如

42、何判断空格处应填介词？（1）无提示词：注意搭配问题。（2）与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语,补语等。（3）与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语。【变式精练】1.【安徽省芜湖市2019-2020学年高三上学期教学质量检测】My suggestion is that a notebook kept and a Chinese - English dictionary be 48 our reach.【答案】within【解析】考查介词。根据固定短语be within reach表示“触手可及”，故填within。2. 【2020届四川省攀枝花市高三第二次统一考试】Having Ricochet aroun

43、d lifts her spirits, and inspires her to conquer her pain to get on the board. “Ricochet has taught me to focus 45 what I can do, rather than what I cant,” she said.【答案】on【解析】考查固定词组。句意：Ricochet教会我专注于我能做什么，而不是我不能做什么。固定词组：focus on“集中于”。故填on。3. （广东省中山一中、仲元中学等七校2019届高三第二次联考）They are faster and more accu

44、rate than human workers and never ask _42_ a pay rise or take breaks! Robots are also able to work in dangerous situations.【答案】for【解析】考查短语。短语ask for要求。句意：并且永远不要求加薪或休息！故填for。考点二 连接词【例1】（2019·新课标I卷）While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence _ they range all the way across the Arctic,

45、 and as far south as James Bay in Canada.【答案】that【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。【例2】【2019·北京卷】What students do at college seems to matter much more than _ they go.【答案】where【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。【例3】【2019

46、·新课标III卷】They were well trained by their masters _ had great experience with caring for these animals.【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。【例4】【2019·浙江卷】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _gives off light in the dark.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。【例5】