《2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测》专题05 阅读理解之议论文（解析版）.doc

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1、专题05阅读理解之议论文（2020届河南省名校联盟高三联考）They say that ''a picture is worth a thousand words'', but the briefest look at books and the movies based on them would have anyone questioning this common saying. All too often, great words end up being turned into cinematic ''turkeys''

2、. Good movies need good stories. If so, why has one of the earliest and greatest works in Western storytelling, Homer's The Odyssey, never had an equally great movie based on it? Movies need strong characters. So why have the movies based on The Great Gatsby never been praised as ''great

3、''? Movies of course need impressive images, so why has Alice in Wonderland only resulted in movies best described as ''interesting''?One of the key reasons behind this is that while a book usually takes a few days to read, a movie typically lasts under two hours. This means

4、that great books can lose plot details and characters when they move to the big screen. This is something that even the highly successful Harry Potter movies can't escape from, with fans of the books disappointed not to see some of their favorite characters in the movie versions. Movies also dis

5、appoint us when things don't look the way we imagined them in the books. Take, for example, the epic movie Troy, which is in part based on Homer's The Iliad and was met with mixed reviews from the audience. The most questionable issue was the actress chosen to play the part of Helen. Many pe

6、ople thought she didn't live up to Helen's title of ''the most beautiful woman in the world'', influencing opinions of the movie to some extent. There are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people's eyes. Furthermore, books and movies are two different forms of media and th

7、erefore have different rules. With this in mind, perhaps we should judge a movie in its own right, and not against its original source. Interestingly, audiences have in recent years turned to television series such as Sherlock or Mad Men, which can have many characters and gradual plot development.

8、Perhaps, one day, readers of F. Scott Fitzgerald's most admired work will find themselves glued to their screens by episodes of The Great Gatsby.12Which of the following statements about the movie adaptation is true?AThe characters in The Odyssey do not stand out.BThe movie Troy doesn't look

9、 the way we visualized while reading the book.CThe visual images are not as striking as the descriptions in the book The Great Gatsby.DSome parts of the story and characters are missing in the movie Alice in Wonderland.13One of the reasons why adaptations disappoint the audience is that _.Athey lack

10、 good storytellingBthe images are not impressive enoughCthe characters in the movies are not strong and interestingDthere is not enough time for movies to fully present the whole story14What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?AEvery shoe fits not every foot.BBirds of a feather f

11、lock together.CReading is a matter of personal taste.DDifferent people have different ideas about the books and movies.15What does the text mainly talk about?APeople are dissatisfied with the current movies.BReading books is better than watching movies.CGood books may not be adapted for great movies

12、.DPeople are expressing their preference to reading books.【答案】12B13D14D15C【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要通过由小说改编而来的电影没能被大家认可这个话题，从而来讨论小说和改编电影的关系。12细节理解题。根据第四段的Movies also disappoint us when things don't look the way we imagined them in the books. Take, for example, the epic movie Troy(当故事不像我们读书时想象的那样时，电影总是让我们失望

13、，以电影史诗特洛伊为例)可知，史诗电影特洛伊拍摄出来时，不像我们在阅读时想象的那样。B. The movie Troy doesn't look the way we visualized while reading the book.(电影特洛伊和我们读书时想象的不一样)符合以上说法，故选B项。13细节理解题。根据第三段第一句 One of the key reasons behind this is that while a book usually takes a few days to read, a movie typically lasts under two hours.

14、 This means that great books can lose plot details and characters when they move to the big screen.可知，一本书需要几天才能看完，而电影只有两个小时以下的时间，故而容易丢失一些细节和人物，不能完整地呈现小说内容。D. there is not enough time for movies to fully present the whole story(对于电影来说没有足够的时间来呈现完整的故事)符合以上说法，故选D项。14词义猜测题。There are a thousand Hamlets in

15、 a thousand people's eyes.本句的字面意思为 “一千个人眼里有一千个哈姆雷特”，再结合下文的Furthermore, books and movies are two different forms of media and therefore have different rules.(此外，书和电影是两种完全不同的媒体，因此它们有不同的规则)可猜测划线部分的意思是：对于书和电影不同的人有不同的观点。D. Different people have different ideas about the books and movies.(关于书和电影不同的人有不

16、同的看法)符合以上猜测，故选D项。15主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段的All too often, great words end up being turned into cinematic ''turkeys''. (伟大的词汇最终变成了电影院的“火鸡”)可知，本文主要通过由著名小说改编的电影并没有得到和原小说同样的认可这个话题。根据第三段第一句 One of the key reasons behind this is that while a book usually takes a few days to read, a movie ty

17、pically lasts under two hours. This means that great books can lose plot details and characters when they move to the big screen. 可知，一本书需要几天才能看完，而电影只有两个小时以下的时间，故而容易丢失一些细节和人物，不能完整地呈现小说内容。C. Good books may not be adapted for great movies.(好书可能不会被改编成好的电影)符合以上说法，故选C项。（2020届江西省南昌市高三二模）When I sent my daug

18、hter, Emma, off for her freshman year of college a few years ago, I found myself affected by an unbelievable feeling of melancholy. Clearly, I'm not alone. Just last week, The Wall Street Journal reported that more than 90 percent of colleges offer to help moms and dads who are “struggling with

19、the change.”Between Thanksgiving, winter holiday, spring break and summer break, the first one out of my nest has come fluttering back home nearly every month of the year since she has been away. Good friends like to joke that they see more of her now than they did when she was a senior in high scho

20、ol. In the meantime, Emma calls, texts or e-mails me almost every day. Given all this, missing Emma seems kind of silly；I've never really gotten the chance. So why, then, have I still felt on some level that I've experienced a great loss? All summer long before Emma left that first year, I t

21、ook Emma out for countless mother-daughter breakfasts, lunches, coffees and walks. At the same time, I seemed to find fault with Emma all the time. In my eyes, Emma had spent the weeks leading up to school going out with her friends too much, staying out way too late, making too big a mess, not work

22、ing enough and, for goodness sake, certainly not spending enough time with me! Although it's taken quite a while to realize what was happening, I now understand that my unhappiness and anxiety are not a reflection of how much time Emma and I spend together. Regardless of how often she comes home

23、, or how many times a day we chat or text, Emma is now gone in a far grander sense. She is well on the road to adulthood, and from this, she will never return.4What does the underlined word “melancholy” in paragraph 1 refer to?AFierce anger.BDeep sadness.CExtreme excitement.DGreat satisfaction.5Why

24、does it seem silly for the author to miss her daughter?AThey keep in touch frequently.BFriends like to make fun of her.CEmma has grown up to an adult.DOther parents don't behave like this.6What actually made the author overly worried?AThe untidiness of Emma's room.BThe passing of Emma's

25、childhood.CTaking Emma out all too often.DSpending little time with Emma.7What is the best title for the text?AChanges in the Parent-Child RelationshipBThe Most Concerned Parents of All TimeCGrowing Pains for College StudentsDStruggling to Let Go of My Daughter【答案】4B5A6B7D【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要记叙了几年前，作者

26、送女儿Emma去上大学时，发现自己很悲伤。并且在报道中发现自己不是唯一一个有这种感受的家长。作者于是分析了让自己产生这种失落感的原因，最终发现是Emma童年的逝去让自己感到失落，女儿如今已经很好地走在了成年的路上，从此，她再也回不去了。4词义猜测题。根据后文Clearly, I'm not alone. Just last week, The Wall Street Journal reported that more than 90 percent of colleges offer to help moms and dads who are “struggling with the

27、 change.”可知显然，我并不孤单。就在上周，华尔街日报报道称，超过90%的大学提供帮助，帮助那些“在变化中挣扎”的父母。由此可知，几年前，当作者送女儿Emma去上大学一年级时，作者发现自己被一种难以置信的悲伤情绪所感染。划线单词意思为“深深的悲伤”。故选B。5细节理解题。根据第二段中In the meantime, Emma calls, texts or e-mails me almost every day.可知与此同时，Emma几乎每天都给我打电话、发短信或电子邮件。以及第三段中Given all this, missing Emma seems kind of silly可知考虑

28、到这一切，想念艾玛似乎有点傻由此可知，作者想念她的女儿会显得很愚蠢因为他们经常保持联系。故选A。6推理判断题。根据最后一段Although it's taken quite a while to realize what was happening, I now understand that my unhappiness and anxiety are not a reflection of how much time Emma and I spend together. Regardless of how often she comes home, or how many time

29、s a day we chat or text, Emma is now gone in a far grander sense. She is well on the road to adulthood, and from this, she will never return.可知虽然花了相当长的时间才意识到发生了什么，但我现在明白，我的不快乐和焦虑并不是我和Emma在一起的时间多寡的反映。不管她回家的频率有多高，也不管我们每天有多少次聊天或发短信，Emma现在在更大的意义上来说，已经不在了。她已经很好地走在了成年的路上，从此，她再也回不去了。由此可知，让作者过度担心的原因是Emma童年的

30、逝去。故选B。7主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中When I sent my daughter, Emma, off for her freshman year of college a few years ago, I found myself affected by an unbelievable feeling of melancholy.可知几年前，当我送女儿艾玛去上大学一年级时，我发现自己被一种难以置信的忧郁情绪所感染。结合文章主要记叙了几年前，作者送女儿Emma去上大学时，发现自己很悲伤。并且在报道中发现自己不是唯一一个有这种感受的家长。作者于是分析了让自己产生这种失落感的原因，最终发

31、现是Emma童年的逝去让自己感到失落，女儿如今已经很好地走在了成年的路上，从此，她再也回不去了。由此可知，D选项“挣扎着放开我的女儿”最符合文章标题，故选D。（2020届江西省南昌市高三二模）On my fourth day in a self-driving car, I finally felt comfortable enough to let it stop itself. Before then, I'd allowed the car-a Volvo S90 sedan-to control the direction, with my hands still on the

32、 wheel, and to adjust speed in traffic. By Day 4, I was ready to make a jump into the future. With the car traveling on a busy road, I activated the driverless mode. Soon, a traffic light turned red. For a split second, I prepared to get on the brakes. There was no need. The cameras and computers in

33、 the Volvo recognized the traffic conditions and smoothly began applying the brake. If you're anything like most people, you're familiar with this anxiety. Almost 80 percent of Americans fear traveling in a self-driving car, a recent survey found. Researchers at the University of Chicago hav

34、e conducted some clever experiments studying the phenomenon. They asked participants to complete tasks and compare their performance with a computer system's. After the computer made a mistake, people were unwilling to use it again. After the people made mistakes, their self-confidence wouldn

35、9;t change. It didn't matter that the human beings made more mistakes than the computer. So it is with driving. More than 37,000 Americans died in crashes last year, most from human error. The death count from cars goes beyond that from guns. So if you are shocked and angry by guns and want thin

36、gs to change, you should feel the same about car crashes. Technology creates an opportunity to save lives. Computers don't get drunk or distracted by text messages, and they don't have blind spots. Just look at commercial airlines: Automation has helped all but get rid of deadly crashes amon

37、g American air carriers. The last one happened in 2009. The technology for self-driving cars still isn't good enough. But it is improving rapidly. Within a few years, many cars will have advanced crash-avoidance systems and driving will be revolutionized sooner than many people now understand.8H

38、ow does the author introduce the topic?ABy offering a piece of news.BBy giving background information.CBy describing an experience.DBy introducing a latest car.9What can be learnt about the participants of the experiments?AThey tended to accept the computer's faults.BThey seemed to care little a

39、bout their own mistakes.CThey felt less confident after making mistakes.DThey performed better than computer systems.10The author mentioned commercial airlines_.Ato prove the advantage of technologyBto assess the security of driverless carsCto find fault with computersDto advertise for the commercia

40、l airlines11What does the author expect of the self-driving car?AI'll avoid deadly crashes entirely.BIt'll occupy the market in a short time.CIt'll be bettered in every possible way.DIt'll be popularized sooner than expected.【答案】8C9B10A11D【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章中作者先是通过自己驾驶自动汽车的经历来说明了最近的一项调查

41、发现，近80%的美国人害怕乘坐自动驾驶汽车。而芝加哥大学的研究人员进行了一些巧妙的实验来研究这一现象，结果发现电脑出了错误后，人们就不愿再用它了。当人们犯了错误之后，他们的自信并不会改变。文章还说明了电脑技术的优势以及作者对自动驾驶汽车的期待。8推理判断题。根据文章前三段主要描述了作者第四天驾驶自动驾驶汽车时的经过，在路上，交通灯变红了刹那间，作者准备踩刹车，这是没有必要的，沃尔沃车上的摄像头和电脑识别出了交通状况，并开始平稳地刹车。结合第三段中Almost 80 percent of Americans fear traveling in a self-driving car, a rece

42、nt survey found.可知最近的一项调查发现，近80%的美国人害怕乘坐自动驾驶汽车。第四段中则开始论述文章的主题。由此可推知，作者通过描述一个自身经历来引入主题。故选C。9推理判断题。根据第四段中They asked participants to complete tasks and compare their performance with a computer system's. After the computer made a mistake, people were unwilling to use it again. After the people made

43、 mistakes, their self-confidence wouldn't change. It didn't matter that the human beings made more mistakes than the computer.可知他们要求参与者完成任务，并将他们的表现与电脑系统进行比较。电脑出了错误后，人们就不愿再用它了。当人们犯了错误之后，他们的自信不会改变。人类犯的错误比计算机多并不重要。由此可推知，实验参与者似乎对自己的错误毫不在意。故选B。10推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Technology creates an opportunity to

44、save lives. Computers don't get drunk or distracted by text messages, and they don't have blind spots.Just look at commercial airlines: Automation has helped all but get rid of deadly crashes among American air carriers.可知技术创造了拯救生命的机会。电脑不会喝醉或被短信分心，也没有盲点。看看商业航空公司:自动化几乎帮助所有美国航空公司摆脱了致命的坠机事故.由此可

45、推知，作者提到商业航空公司是为了证明技术的优势。故选A。11推理判断题。根据最后一段中The technology for self-driving cars still isn't good enough. But it is improving rapidly. Within a few years, many cars will have advanced crash-avoidance systems and driving will be revolutionized sooner than many people now understand.可知自动驾驶汽车的技术还不够好

46、。但它正在迅速改善。几年之内，许多汽车将拥有先进的防撞系统，驾驶技术将比现在人们所了解的更快地发生革命性变化。由此可推知，作者对自动驾驶汽车的期望是它会比预期更早地普及。故选D。（2020届山西省太原市高三二模）One rainy afternoon, I was on a crosstown bus when a young woman jumped on. She had a child with her who was about three or four years old. The bus was full, bumpy(颠簸的), and it soon got noisy, a

47、s her kid began crying he was upset that he couldn't sit next to his mother. She looked embarrassed.Then another woman, a little older, stood up and moved so that the mother and child could sit together. The mum smiled as a thank-you. And then three words came out of the older woman's mouth

48、that raised the entire energy of that bus ride: “I've been there.”Simple, undramatic, and honest. In that moment, it seemed to unite the diverse people of the city. Why? Because almost all experiences are shared human experiences. They're universal. We forget that as we go through life, focu

49、sed on our own troubles and needs which are actually less unique than we think.Sometimes painful past experiences prevent us from wanting to open up to others because we don't want to revisit our own history. But a wonderful way to honor your past hurt is to help comfort another's current pain.When I was a little girl, we lived on donations from local families and clothing from the " lost and found" baskets. It was shameful for me at the time I lived in fear of being caught in a friend' s cast-off item.Even when it was warmer, I refused