《2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测》专题04 阅读理解Ⅱ：细节理解题（讲练）（解析版）.doc

《《2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测》专题04 阅读理解Ⅱ：细节理解题（讲练）（解析版）.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《《2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测》专题04 阅读理解Ⅱ：细节理解题（讲练）（解析版）.doc（27页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、2020届高三二轮复习英语精品资料【讲练】专题 4 阅读理解II：细节理解【构建知识体系】细节理解题考点1事实细节题考点2细节转换与是非判断题考点3数字计算题考点4细节排序题近三年（20172019年）阅读理解命题考点情况：试卷类型年份篇序体裁词数话题考点分布卷I2016A记叙文267主要介绍几位著名的女性，她们在各自的领域做出了非凡的贡献。细节理解题10推理判断题3词义猜测题1主旨大意题1B议论文287介绍社会上很多老年人搬到离子女近的地方居住的一种趋势。C记叙文262作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历。D说明文327沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。2017A 应用文231购物中心Pac

2、ific Science Center细节理解题6 推理判断题 5观点态度题 1词义猜测题1主旨大意题1写作意图题1B记叙文296救助一只小猫头鹰的故事C说明文352爵士乐问题D说明文315自制太阳能蒸馏器的方法2018A应用文270Washington, D.C.旅游的四种路线细节理解题8推理判断题2词义猜测题1观点态度题1主旨大意题2写作意图题1B说明文270绍了一档英国系列电视节目C说明文304随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因D说明文363新旧电子设备的差别2019A应用文256省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生暑期在找到工作。细节理解题7推理判断题5词义猜测题1段落大意题

3、1标题归纳题1B记叙文300Thomas Whaley为了帮助学生学英语以及树立信心专门开展了一个演讲课程C说明文243新的科技智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，而且这项技术也不贵。D议论文351对别人好，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。卷II2016A应用文 281 四则广告的具体内容及细节信息细节理解题8推理判断题4代词指代题1 词义猜测题1主旨大意题1B记叙文 280通过让学生拼装玩具发现并鼓励学生的创造性和想象力。C说明文249BookC所进行的分享图书活动的目的及具体过程D记叙文 278Frank的图片记录了一次海难2017A 应用文 306 莎士比亚剧本翻译及

4、上演细节理解题5推理判断题5代词指代题1写作意图题1主旨大意题2词义猜测题1B记叙文 289 作者与Paul的友谊C说明文 307 Terrafugia 公司研制出飞行汽车D说明文 293植物在受到昆虫的攻击时自我保护2018A应用文 284 家长和孩子一起挑选可以参加的活动 细节理解题6 推理判断题5 文章出处题1 词义猜测题1主旨大意题2B说明文 268 水果营养丰富且对人体有益C说明文 300青少年和年幼的孩子们读书的乐趣减少D议论文 330 减少手机使用、增加与人谈话2019A应用文242作家Jo Usmar最喜欢的书籍细节理解题8 推理判断题4词义猜测题1标题归纳题1主旨大意题1B记

5、叙文312作者成功说服了一个家长参加志愿者团队，作为一名志愿者作者发挥了自己的作用，并获得了快乐。C说明文334介绍了目前社会独自吃饭的趋势发展明显，很多人想多点儿自己的时间。D说明文272戈登和他的学生研究在国际空间站克服微生物的问题。卷III2016A应用文195介绍五个与音乐有关的活动 细节理解题7 推理判断题4 写作意图题1 词义猜测题1代词指代题1主旨大意题1B记叙文 325一位女作家请纽约的朋友吃饭时发生的故事。C说明文278介绍了一个节日Apple Day。D说明文 346好消息比坏消息传得更快、更远，越积极乐观的消息越容易被大众分享。2017A 应用文 252 美国旧金山的四个

6、旅游活动和路线 细节理解题5 推理判断题7 词义猜测题1 主旨大意题2B记叙文 282 一家具有75年历史的剧院因为不利的地理位置和现代剧院的竞争而被转售C说明文 295 美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼的故事D说明文 334科研人员研制出DriveLAB，目的是能够帮助他们延长驾龄，从而保持积极、健康的生活方式2018A应用文 197去Holker Hall& Garden 旅游的相关信息细节理解题10推理判断题2 词义猜测题1 主旨大意题2B说明文 316Dawson城市的发展原因、过程与现状C新闻报道 372 中国建筑设计师王澍获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖普利策奖D说明文 307 引导孩子主动

7、捐献玩具，并从玩耍简单玩具中获得快乐的做法2019A应用文191一些话剧的开幕和新剧首映细节理解题10推理判断题3 词义猜测题1 标题归纳题2B说明文286中国文化对世界时尚届的影响，中国年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。中国成了世界时尚的风向标。C说明文29219世纪报纸的改革发展之路。D说明文319研究发现：猴子可以进行基本的加法运算。【考纲解读】考试大纲要求考纲解读要求考生阅读4篇短文，从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容。体裁多样，以记叙文、议论文、说明文为主。考查主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、篇章结构等题型。主

8、旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概全。【剖析全国高考真题】预测高考命题方向1. A【2019·全国I】Need a Job This Summer?The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what

9、 you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you

10、 could be eligible(符合条件)for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities(社区).Summer CompanySummer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run thei

11、r own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.Stewardship Youth Ranger ProgramYou could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at

12、 time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.Summer Employment Opportunities(机会)Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.Who is

13、eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.21. What is special about Summer Company?A. It requires no training before employment.B. It provides awards for running new businesses.C. It allows one to work in the natural

14、 environment.D. It offers more summer job opportunities.22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?A. 15-18.B. 15-24.C. 15-29.D. 16-17.23. Which program favors the disabled?A. Jobs for Youth.B. Summer Company.C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.D. Summer Employment Opport

15、unities.【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个面向学生们暑期的工作，这些工作有的是针对残疾学生的，有的还会给学生提供奖励。21. B 细节理解题。由Summer Company 部分中的“Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3000 to start and run their own summer businesses.”可知，Summer Company项目会对创办新公司进行奖励。故选B。22. D细节理解题。由 Stewardship

16、Youth Ranger Program部分中的“Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 a time of hire, ”可知，这个项目的要求的年龄是16到17岁之间。故选D。23. D细节理解题。由末段末句“Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.”可知，Summer Employment Opportunities适合的是有残疾的学生们。故选D。2. A【2019·全国II】My Favourite B

17、ooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列)of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful

18、words. Matilda's battles with her cruel me parents and the bossy headmisres，Miss Trunchbull，are equally fumy and frightening，but they're also aspirational.After DarkHaruki MurakamiIts about two sisters-Eri，a model who either wont or cant stop sleeping，and Mari, a young student . In trying to

19、 connect to her sister. Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse ”night people” who are hiding secrets.Gone GirlGillian FynnThere was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and an

20、xiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyableThe StandStephen KingThis is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes

21、out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those let. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.21. Who does "I" refer to in the text?A. Stephen King.B. Gillian Flynn.C. Jo Usmar.D. Roald Dahl22. Which of the following tells about Mari

22、and Eri?A. Cosmopolitan.B. Matilda.C. After DarkD. The Stand.23. What kind of book is Gone Girl?)A. A folk tale.B. A biography.C. A love story.D. A horror story.【答案】21. C 22. C 23. D【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了作家Jo Usmar选出的四本自己最喜欢的书籍。21. C细节理解题。由Matilda中的“I once wrote a paper and delightful words”可知，我曾经写

23、过一篇关于童话故事对罗尔德·达尔写作有影响的论文，这篇论文让我对他奇怪而有趣的文字有了新的认识。所以Jo Usmar在介绍Matilda这本书，用第一人称“I”口吻来说明自己曾经写过一篇关于童话故事对罗尔德·达尔写作有影响的论文。所以“I”指的是Jo Usmar。故C选项正确。22. C 细节理解题。由After Dark中的“Its about two sister-Eri, a model who either wont or cant stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student”可知，故事讲的是两个姐妹-Eri是一个突然一觉不醒的

24、模特。玛丽，是一个充满青春活力的学生。所以After Dark中讲述了Eri和Mari的故事。故C选项正确。23. D 细节理解题。由Gone Girl中的“.but the horror story is brilliant”可知，但是这个恐怖的故事很精彩。所以Gone Girl讲述的是一个恐怖故事。故D选项正确。3. A【2019·全国III】OPENINGS AND PREVIEWSAnimals Out of PaperYolo！Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph，in whic

25、h an origami(折纸术)artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb.12.(West Park Presbyterian Church，165 W.86th St.212-868-4444.)The AudienceHelen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan，about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private me

26、etings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb.14.(Schoenfeld，236 W.45th St.212-239-6200.)HamiltonLin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton，in which the birth of America is pr

27、esented as an immigrant story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb.17.(Public，425 Lafayette St.212-967-7555.)On the Twentieth CenturyKristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green，about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star's

28、 love during a cross-country train journey. Scott Ellis directs，for Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb.12.(American Airlines Theatre，227 W.42nd St.212-719-1300.)21. What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about?.A. A type of art.B. A teenager's studio.C. A great teacher.D. A group

29、of animals.22. Who is the director of The Audience?A. Helen Mirren.B. Peter Morgan.C. Dylan Baker.D. Stephen Daldry.23. Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history?A. Animals Out of Paper.B. The Audience.C. Hamilton.D. On the Twentieth Century.【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C【解析】【文章大意】

30、本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四部不同主题的文化剧。21.  A细节理解题。根据第一小节的第二句话“in which an origami（折纸术）artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio.”可知，本节介绍的故事内容是一位折纸艺术家邀请一对师生到她的工作室，因此主题是折纸这门艺术。故选A。22. D 细节理解题。由第二小节的第二句话“Stephen Daldry directs.”可知，The Audience是由Stephen Daldry执导的。故选D。23. C细节理解题。由第三节

31、的第一句可知，Hamilton的内容是以移民为主题的美利坚合众国的诞生。故选C。【高考预测】纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2020年全国高考试题还会卷在选材上继续保持知识性和趣味性，语篇长度适中，题材与体裁广泛，彰显文化特色，重点考查考生快速获取、处理、分析信息的能力。细节理解题占总量的60%左右，难度与上年持平，预计难度系数0.6。卷文章体裁继续延续记叙文和说明文占主体的局面，另有一篇广告类说明文。题型以细节理解题为主，推理判断题略有所增加，词义猜测题2题左右。【精讲研法】课堂讲解突破核心考点考点一 事实细节题C【2019·全国III】Before the 1830s,most ne

32、wspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, m

33、ost newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.The trend, then, was toward the "penny paper"-a term referring to papers made widely available to the

34、public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy)to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830,but this usually meant the read

35、er had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny-usually two or three cents was charged-and some o

36、f the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase "penny paper " caught the public's fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.This new trend of newspapers for "the man on the street" did not begin well. Some of the earl

37、y ventures(企业)were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.28. Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before

38、the 1830s?A. Academic.B. Unattractive.C. Inexpensive.D. Confidential.29. What did street sales mean to newspapers?A. They would be priced higher.B. They would disappear from cities.C. They could have more readers.D. They could regain public trust.30. Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted

39、 at?A. Local politicians.B. Common people.C. Young publishers.D. Rich businessmen.31. What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?A. It was a difficult process.B. It was a temporary success.C. It was a robbery of the poor.D. It was a disaster for printers.【答案】28. B 29. C 30. B 31. A【解析】【文章大意】

40、 本文是一篇说明文。十九世纪三十年代之前报纸由于只能以年为单位订购，几乎仅仅是有钱人的专有物，后来一些有胆略的年轻商人打破现状，逐渐让街上以份售卖成为报纸销售的主流。这就是报纸行业的一场大的变革。28. B 细节理解题。由第一段第四句“In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience.”可知，在19世纪30年代之前大部份报纸都没有什么吸引大众的内容，故选B。29. C细节理解题。由第二段第二句“It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perha

41、ps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.”可知，街上按单份卖的报纸相比之前只能以年为单位订购的报纸，更容易让普通大众消费，也就是有了更多的读者群，故选C。30. B细节理解题。从第二段第二句The trend, then, was toward the "penny paper" - a term referring to papers made widely available to the public.可知报纸售卖的新潮流目的

42、是向普通大众销售报纸，故选B。31. A细节理解题。最后一段第一句“This new trend of newspapers for "the man on the street" did not begin well.”就谈到了开始得不顺利，再结合下文的“failure”以及“had little desire to change the tradition”可知，"penny paper"这一新潮流并不顺利，许多成功报纸商不愿改变传统，只是有一些年轻的有胆识的商人努力才促使改革成功。整个过程非常辛苦，故选A。规律方法1： 如何解决事实细节题？做事实细

43、节题最基本也最常用的方法是题干定位法。一般在原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定答案。此类题通常用一些疑问词来提问，或是判断正误。学科网【变式精练】 2020·广东省茂名市第一次综合测试 A 23-year-old British woman has invented a product that she hopes will one day take the place of single-use plastic. The new product is made by combining fishing waste and algae （藻类）.Lucy Hughes

44、 created the material, called MarinaTex, for her final year project at the University of Sussex. She continued her research after she left the university.On November 13, the James Dyson Foundation announced that Hughes was the international winner of the 2019 James Dyson Award for design.MarinaTex i

45、s edible, meaning it can be eaten without danger. Hughes says it also is strong and stable. But unlike plastic, MarinaTex breaks down in four to six weeks under normal conditions and does not pollute the soil.The inventor said she is concerned about the growing amounts of plastics in ocean waters. S

46、he noted one report that there would be more plastic than fish in the world's oceans by the year 2050. The United Nations estimates that 100 million tons of plastic waste has already been left in the oceans.Hughes also was investigating ways to reduce the amount of waste from the fishing industr

47、y. The industry produces an estimated 50 million tons of waste worldwide each year, UN officials say.Hughes told Reuters that she was "trying to work out how I could use the waste stream and add value to that waste." Examining fish parts left over from processing helped to give her the idea for a material that was useful and did not harm the environme