《2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测》专题6 书面表达.docx

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1、专题6书 面 表 达高考书面表达旨在考查考生书面运用语言的能力,那么高考书面表达究竟怎么考?考什么? 1.历年高考书面表达题均属于材料小作文。从严格意义上说材料只有两种:一种是文字材料;另一种是文字说明加图画(表)的材料。无论哪种材料,都给考生提供了巨大的自由发挥的空间,并且能有效地区分不同考生运用语言的能力。 2.从表达的题材方面看,大部分题材都非常贴近考生的实际生活,突出考查考生用简短、通顺、得体的一小段文字与外界交流、解决实际问题的能力,同时也充分体现了考试大纲对“写”所提出的要求。3.主要考查考生以下几种能力:(1)观察和概括能力:要求考生观察情景所提供的内容,分析、提炼要点,理顺要点

2、,概括考题所要求表达的全部意思。(2)运用能力:要求考生灵活运用词汇和句型,正确地遣词造句、连句成文,进行有效的信息表达与传递。(3)逻辑思维能力:要求考生认真思考,选择正确的表达形式,正确使用连接词和过渡句,使表达的要点之间有很强的逻辑性,浑然一体。(4)书写能力:要求考生认真工整地书写,良好的书写能给人美感。20162019年全国卷书面表达题比较试卷体裁主题内容命题形式2019年卷申请信申请做伦敦当地美术馆中国画展览的志愿者中文提纲2019年卷告知信告知排球队队友Chris球队近期将参加比赛中文提纲2019年卷邀请信邀请英国朋友Allen参加音乐节中文提纲2018年卷告知信告知新西兰朋友T

3、erry在中国家庭做客的基本习俗中文提纲2018年卷通知通知大家观看一个英文短片中文提纲2018年卷告知信告知英国朋友Peter你校学生体育运动的情况中文提纲2017年卷告知信告知英国朋友Leslie下次上课的计划中文提纲2017年卷邀请信邀请外教Henry参观中国剪纸艺术展中文提纲2017年卷邀请信邀请Eric加入校乒乓球队中文提纲2016年卷求助信请外教帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式中文提纲2016年卷邀请信邀请英国朋友Peter给摄影展提供作品中文提纲2016年卷道歉信向留学生朋友Bob道歉中文提纲分析上表可知,全国卷在考查考生语言基础知识的同时,也注重语言运用能力的考查,强化语境意识,突

4、出语篇整体感知和局部信息处理能力。所选材料丰富,语言地道,注重文化意识,彰显语言的人文性,注重培养考生的价值观和核心素养体系。作文体裁:大多数为应用文,如书信(申请信、告知信、邀请信、求助信等)、通知等。命题形式:中文提示。提示较简洁,常给出24个要点,有时不一一列出要点,如2016年全国卷书面表达。题材内容:与考生的学习和生活密切相关,常涉及语言学习、活动开展、人际关系等,特别重视中国优秀传统文化,如介绍到中国家庭做客的基本习俗等。Passage 12019·全国假定你是李华,暑期在伦敦学习,得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展览。请写一封信申请做志愿者,内容包括:1.写信目的;2.个人优

5、势;3.能做的事情。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3.结束语已为你写好。         Yours,Li Hua参考范文Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing to apply to be a volunteer for the Chinese Painting Exhibition which will be held in your art gallery. I think I am qualified for this job, because I

6、 have learned Chinese painting since childhood. Equally important, I am fluent in both Chinese and English, so I have no difficulty in communicating with others. If I am lucky enough to be chosen as a volunteer, I can show visitors around the gallery and answer their questions about the paintings af

7、ter some proper training. I would be very grateful if you could offer me the opportunity. I􀆳m looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li HuaPassage 22019·全国假定你是校排球队队长李华,请写封邮件告知你的队友Chris球队近期将参加比赛, 内容包括:1.比赛信息;2.赛前准备;3.表达期待。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。      &

8、#160;    参考范文Dear Chris, I􀆳m writing to let you know that we will have a volleyball match next month. The match will take place in our school gym on the morning of July 8th. We will play against a team from Sunshine High School. For good performance in the match, we must

9、 get fully prepared and practice hard. So starting tomorrow, we all need to train for two hours after school every day. In addition, we should avoid getting hurt during the training and have a healthy diet to keep fit. You􀆳re an excellent player. With you on the team, I believe that we will

10、 beat the other team. Let􀆳s try hard together!Yours,Li HuaPassage 32019·全国假定你是李华,你校将举办音乐节。请写封邮件邀请你的英国朋友Allen参加,内容包括:1.时间;2.活动安排;3.欢迎他表演节目。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。          参考范文Dear Allen,How is everything going? Our school will h

11、old a music festival next Saturday morning in the school hall to enrich students􀆳 after-school life. As an organizer, I􀆳m writing to invite you to join us.The opening ceremony will start at 9:00 am, and the headmaster will deliver a speech. Following the speech is a one-hour lectur

12、e with the title of “A Brief History of Chinese Music” by Professor Guo, after which there will be various fantastic performances played by talented students. You are particularly welcome to show up on stage, which will definitely add color and fun to our festival. Looking forward to your early repl

13、y.Yours,Li Hua(仅供教师参考)攻略1评分标准档次给分范围及标准(满分25分)第五档(很好):(2125分)1.完全完成了试题规定的任务;2.覆盖所有内容要点;3.使用了较多的语法结构和词汇;4.语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,使用较复杂语法结构或较高级词汇所致;5.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑;6.完全达到了预期的写作目的。第四档(好):(1620分)1.完成了试题规定的任务;2.虽漏掉一两个次重点,但覆盖所有主要内容;3.使用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求;4.语法结构或词汇应用基本准确,些许错误主要是尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致;5.使用简单的语句间的连接成分

14、,使全文结构紧凑;6.达到了预期的写作目的。第三档(适当):(1115分)1.基本完成了试题规定的任务;2.虽漏掉一些内容,但覆盖所有主要内容;3.使用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求;4.有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误,但不影响理解;5.使用简单的语句间的连接成分,使全文内容连贯;6.整体而言,基本达到了预期的写作目的。第二档(较差):(610分)1.未恰当完成试题规定的任务;2.漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容,写了一些无关内容;3.语法结构单调,词汇知识有限;4.有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误,影响了对写作内容的理解;5.较少使用语句间的连接成分,内容缺少连贯性;6.信息未能清楚地传达给读者

15、。第一档(差):(15分)1.未完成试题规定的任务;2.明显遗漏主要内容,写了一些无关内容,原因可能是未理解试题要求;3.语法结构单调,词汇知识有限;4.有较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误,影响对写作内容的理解;5.缺乏语句间的连接成分,内容不连贯;6.信息未能传达给读者。不得分:(0分)未能传达给读者任何信息:内容太少,无法评判;所写内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。攻略2评分标准解读(一)如何理解“覆盖所有内容要点”评分标准中对考生所要求的“覆盖所有内容要点”,就是要求考生在写作时要认真审题,确保要点“全而不漏”。要点全面是作文得高分的必要条件。(二)如何理解“运用了较多的词汇”这里所

16、说的“使用了较多的词汇”,是指词汇使用的多样性,如词性的多样性、高级词汇的使用、同义词与反义词的使用、短语的使用等。(三)如何理解“使用了较多的语法结构”“较多的语法结构”就是指句式结构的多样性。毋庸置疑,单调的句式结构、长度相近的句子会使文章呆板单调,缺乏生气和活力,而灵活多变的句式则使行文丰富多彩、生动、自然、流畅。感叹句、倒装句、复合结构、强调句型、定语从句、非谓语动词短语等语法结构的正确使用,可以使文章的语言充满层次感,从而较好地反映出考生的语言运用能力。01书面表达之三大秘诀写作时,要养成在审题上形成一种定向思维的习惯,做到“五审”:一审体裁。根据作文材料要求确定文章体裁,然后建立相

17、应体裁的行文模式。我们常用的体裁有应用文(书信、日记、通知、发言稿等)、说明文、记叙文、议论文等。二审人称。文章中人称选择恰当对表达文章的基本思想、描述事物及情节都很有帮助,应特别注意英文中人称的应用。三审时态。高考评分中,谓语动词的形式是极其重要的,一篇文章如果多处出现谓语动词错误,就要降档给分。因此,我们在审题时要给文章的时态定位,根据需要使用相应的时态。四审要点。高考评卷中,作文的主要得分集中在文章的要点和要点的发挥上。一般来说,英语高考作文有46个要点,考生在读题时要边读边列出要点并写出要点中的关键词,这样既能保证要点齐全又能节省时间。五审层次。层次分明,脉络清晰,让读者一目了然。记叙

18、文大多数以人物活动、时间顺序或事情发展过程为线索;说明文大多以时间、空间为线索;议论文的写作一般按先总后分或先分后总的顺序。2017·全国假定你是李华,想邀请外教Henry一起参观中国剪纸(paper-cutting)艺术展。请给他写封邮件,内容包括:1.展览时间、地点;2.展览内容。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。      【写作秘诀】一、“五环节”审题1.体裁:书信(电子邮件)类应用文;2.人称:以第一人称为主;3.时态:以一般现在时和一般将来时为主;4.要点:参观剪纸艺术展,展览时间、地

19、点及内容;5.层次:分为三段。第一段表示问候;第二段邀请对方一起参观并告知对方展览时间、地点及内容;第三段为结束语。二、“润色”变美句考生写作时,除使用简单句外,还可使用并列句及复合句(定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)给短文润色,做到句式多样。长短句结合,句式多样,是高分作文的关键;醒目的关联词使人感觉文章层次分明;恰当的插入语给阅卷者以亲近感;如能得体地用上一句谚语,会使阅卷者认为该考生语言功底深厚,从而使文章更上档次。 三、写作“步步高”1.遣词“五环节”审题可基本确定所用的关键词语。关键词语:an art exhibition、 attend、 from.to、 not only.but

20、 also.、 a variety of、 present.to.、 broaden one􀆳s horizons2.造句利用关键词语,用简单句把所要表达的意思写出来。简单句:(1)There will be an art exhibition on Chinese paper-cutting this month.(2)I􀆳d like to invite you to attend the exhibition with me.(3)The exhibition,to be held in the City Hall of Xi􀆳an,

21、lasts for seven days from June 6th to 12th.(4)The exhibition not only shows a variety of paper-cutting works from different regions,but also presents the history and development of paper-cutting in China to us.3.成篇通过使用关联词、引导词,把这些简单句整合起来,达到起承转合、运用自如的目的,从而获取高分。参考范文Dear Henry,How are things with you?Th

22、ere will be an art exhibition on Chinese paper-cutting this month.Knowing that you show great interest in Chinese culture,I􀆳d like to invite you to attend the exhibition with me.The exhibition,to be held in the City Hall of Xi􀆳an,lasts for seven days from June 6th to 12th. Featurin

23、g Chinese paper-cutting,the exhibition not only shows a variety of paper-cutting works from different regions,but also presents the history and development of paper-cutting in China to us.I am sure that it will broaden your horizons and that you will enjoy it. Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li

24、HuaPassage 1主题:环境保护关注度: 假定你是李华,你校即将举行主题为“Let􀆳s go green now”的英语演讲比赛。请你用英语写一篇演讲稿,要点包括:1.倡导绿色生活的原因;2.实践途径(至少两点)。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。【我的大作】       【考生作文】(仅供教师参考)Boys and girls, I am very honored to give the speech. With the development of society an

25、d economy, the number of private cars is increasing surprisingly. As we all know, cars give off poisonous gas such as carbon dioxide, causing global warming, frequent natural disasters, human diseases and so on. In order to protect our environment, we should go green.Firstly, we should attach great

26、importance to going green. Secondly, using fewer private cars can make a great difference to the environment. , we should take full advantage of water, electricity, paper, food and so on.  That􀆳s all. Thank you.【我来升格】(仅供教师参考)1.用“It is+名词+不定式”改写句 2.用介词短语替代处副词surprisingly 3.用it

27、作形式主语改写句 4.用句型“It is high time that.”改写句 5.把句改为被动语态 6.在处加上过渡语 答案1.It is a great honor for me to give the speech.2.at a surprising speed3.It is well known that cars give off poisonous gas such as carbon dioxide,causing global warming, frequent natural disasters, human diseases and

28、 so on.4.In order to protect our environment, it is high time that we went/should go green.5.Firstly, great importance should be attached to going green.6.What􀆳s more/In addition参考范文Boys and girls, It is a great honor for me to give the speech. With the development of society and economy, t

29、he number of private cars is increasing at a surprising speed. It is well known that cars give off poisonous gas such as carbon dioxide, causing global warming, frequent natural disasters, human diseases and so on. In order to protect our environment, it is high time that we should go green.Firstly,

30、 great importance should be attached to going green. Secondly, using fewer private cars can make a great difference to the environment. What􀆳s more, we should take full advantage of water, electricity, paper, food and so on. That􀆳s all. Thank you.Passage 2主题:文化交流关注度: 假定你是李华,你的英国朋友L

31、ucy在当地的一所孔子学院(Confucius Institute)学习。你刚获悉她在学院举办的中文诗词(poetry)比赛中荣获一等奖。请你根据以下要点用英语给她写一封电子邮件。1.表示祝贺;2.希望她有机会来中国深造。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。【我的大作】       【考生作文】(仅供教师参考)Dear Lucy,I􀆳m pleased to learn you􀆳ve just won first prize in the Chinese poet

32、ry competition held in your institute. I􀆳m writing to offer my congratulations to you. I know you love Chinese culture, and now you􀆳re studying in a local Confucius Institute. I hope you can have a chance to come to China for further study.Wishing you greater progress in the study

33、of Chinese poetry.Yours,Li Hua【我来升格】(词数扩充,词汇、句式升级)       参考范文Dear Lucy,I􀆳m pleased to learn you􀆳ve just won first prize in the Chinese poetry competition held in your institute. I􀆳m writing to offer my sincere congratulations to you. It c

34、ame as no surprise to me because I know you love Chinese culture, especially Chinese poetry, and you􀆳ve been studying in a local Confucius Institute for years. I􀆳m so proud to see all your efforts have paid off. I hope you can have a chance to come to China for further study in the

35、 near future and have a better understanding of my country.Wishing you greater progress in the study of Chinese poetry.Yours,Li Hua02书面表达之篇章打磨打磨1发散思维,细化提纲近三年高考英语全国卷基本上都是书信(包括电子邮件),为提纲类作文,但开放性在增强,例如2018年全国卷完全可以划归为半开放类作文。半开放类作文的最大特点就是让考生具备发散思维,在提纲所给要点的基础上进行拓展联想,从而让内容充实连贯。而且,在作文试题中一般都有这样的要求“可以适当增加细节,以使

36、行文连贯”。这里的“细节”,就需要发散思维,进行联想拓展。下面介绍几种细化提纲的方法,让作文“有话可说”,达到基本的词数要求。一、追加成分在要点基础上适当增加合乎逻辑的附加成分,如定语(从句)、状语(从句)、非谓语动词、独立主格结构等。这不仅增加了词数,而且使表达更清晰、准确,主题更突出。1.(开设英语电影欣赏课)建议多选择英语电影。As a student, I suggest that the teacher should choose more English films that appeal to us teenagers, thus making English learning

37、more interesting.2.(演讲注意事项)要面带微笑;要讲慢些,讲清楚。Be sure to wear a smile on your face when you speak, which will make you relaxed. Besides, remember to speak slowly and clearly so that you can leave a good impression on the audience and judges.二、补加语句根据行文走向,适当增加一些与主题相关的语句,或由要点衍生的句子,既能起到前后关联的作用,又能补充一些相关信息,帮助

38、读者理解所写内容。(提醒考生注意)要按时进入考场。Be sure to enter the examination room on time. Whoever is late won􀆳t be allowed to enter.三、添加过渡根据行文或段落需要,在句与句或段与段之间适当增加过渡词语,甚至过渡句,这样既可以使文章浑然一体,又能充实文章。1.话题:是否禁止广场舞I don􀆳t think square dance should be forbidden. The reasons are as follows. First of all/To beg

39、in with, dancing is a good way to take exercise, which can help people to build themselves up. It also provides a chance for people to communicate with each other. What􀆳s more, the square is a good place for people to work out.2.学习与锻炼Recently, a hot issue has been under discussion in our cl

40、ass, which is whether it is necessary for us Senior 3 students to go running three times a day.Students􀆳 opinions are divided. Some students hold the view that there is no need to do so. On the one hand, it is a waste of time; on the other hand, they find it difficult to calm down and conce

41、ntrate on lessons after running. What􀆳s worse, those who sweat may catch a cold easily.However, others have the opposite opinion, arguing that running is the best way to refresh them and study efficiency can be improved. After running, they will be relaxed.As far as I am concerned, running

42、of course does good to us, but there seems no need to run so many times a day.四、不忘收尾书信中“适当的结尾”不仅能呼应开头,深化主题,还能表达祝愿,阐述愿望。书信常用的结束语如下:I􀆳m looking forward to ./Looking forward to.I􀆳m waiting for your early reply.Best wishes to you.I would be grateful if you ./I􀆳d appreciate it

43、if you.打磨2规避5类“惯性错误”,做到地道表达错误1动词、介词类错误英语书面表达中,动词和介词的使用非常容易出现错误。这是因为英语中动词和介词后都可以带宾语,所以两者容易混淆。1.动词的种类有很多,从句法功能上可分为实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词;根据句子成分可分为谓语动词和非谓语动词等。(1)实义动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。写作中常出现的错误:及物动词后多了介词;不及物动词后少了介词。(2)系动词be在写作中非常活跃,但要用好be动词却不是一件容易的事。常见错误:不及物动词与be动词构成了被动语态;该含有be动词的句子出现遗漏be的情况。(3)助动词和情态动词不能单独作谓语

44、,写作中常见错误主要是倒装句中少用了助动词或情态动词。(4)谓语动词与非谓语动词的误用是考生最易出错的地方。需要注意:谓语动词作谓语,包括时态、语态、主谓一致、虚拟语气;非谓语动词可作除谓语以外的其他成分。2.介词不能独立在句中作成分。介词一定要带宾语,其后必须与名词、代词或动名词构成介词短语。常见错误除了前面提及的实义动词后介词的多余和缺失外,还包括由于英汉语言的差异造成介词的多用或错用。2018·全国你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知,请大家观看一部英文短片Growing Together,内容包括:1.短片内容:学校的发展;2.放映时间、地点;3.欢迎对短片提出意见

45、。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。        【病文修改】以下是一位考生的习作,其中有6处错误,每句中最多有两处,请找出并修改。Boys and girls,May I have your attention, please? Recently, an outstanding movie will be shown in our campus. Welcome to join in us and enjoy it! Here are some relevant details ab

46、out it.To begin with, the name of the movie is Growing Together, which are about the development of our beloved school. It is believed that the movie will not only meaningful but also interesting. Besides, please note that it will be shown in the library from 2:00 to 4:00 in the afternoon in June 9t

47、h. What􀆳s more, every one of you will be welcome to take part in it, enjoying the movie, having a heated discussion afterwards and give your own comments.Looking forward to your participation. I have the confidence that you have a great time then.Students􀆳 Union答案(1)第1段第3句中的in为多余的介

48、词,故去掉in。join sb意为“加入某人(一起做某事)”。(2)第2段第1句中的which are about the development中的be动词错用,应把are改为is。该定语从句修饰先行词Growing Together,先行词为单数名词。(3)第2段第2句中的the movie will not only meaningful中情态动词后不能直接跟形容词,应在will后加be动词。(4)第2段第3句中的in June 9th中的介词错用,具体到某一天应该使用介词on。(5)第2段最后一句中的give和前面enjoying、having为并列的非谓语动词,故将give改为giv

49、ing。(6)第3段第2句中的you have a great time then所提供的语境应为将来时,故在have前面加will。错误2形容词、副词类错误英语书面表达中形容词、副词的使用错误主要是由考生对其用法掌握不够牢固而造成的。下面主要介绍书面表达中易出错的形容词、副词的用法:1.形容词主要说明事物或人的性质或特征写作时需要注意以下两点:(1)只能作表语的形容词无比较等级。如:afraid、asleep、alive、alone、awake、alike等。(2)有一类形容词本身就有比较的概念或者表示绝对概念或已达极限,此类形容词无比较等级。如:favorite、perfect、superior、exc