《2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测》专题10 语法填空之记叙文和议论文（解析版）.doc

《《2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测》专题10 语法填空之记叙文和议论文（解析版）.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《《2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测》专题10 语法填空之记叙文和议论文（解析版）.doc（17页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、专题10 语法填空之记叙文和议论文1.（2020届安徽省蚌埠市高三第三次质检） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Sometimes in life， you need to act quickly. Thinking too much about a problem is not always41 （ benefit） . It can hold us back. But sometimes slower is better.Many things in life require careful thought and 42 （ prepare） . Somet

2、imes we need to be cautious and take precautions（ 预 防 ） . “ An ounce（盎司） of prevention is worth a pound of cure， ” is a great expression for that kind of behavior.This saying comes to us 43 Benjamin Franklin， who was one of the 44 （ found） of the United States. The word “ ounce” means something real

3、ly small just two one hundredths of a kilogram 45 （exact） . So， he means that， when you deal with a problem， spending a small amount of time and effort early on can save you more trouble in the end. For example， if a country announces strong measures for 46 （ contain） a virus， we could say， “ An oun

4、ce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. ” It is better 47 （take） severe precautions than to suffer severe consequences later.When he first used this expression， Franklin was not talking about disease 48 rather fire prevention. During a visit to Boston in 1733， Franklin 49 （ impress） with the city

5、 s fire prevention methods. He tried to bring some of these practices to the city of Philadelphia， 50 he lived. Franklin sent a letter “ Protection of Towns from Fire” to the local newspaper. It began with the expression “ an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. ” From then on， this express

6、ion can be used in many serious situations.【答案】41beneficial42preparation43from44founders45exactly46containing47to take48but49was impressed50where【解析】本文为记叙文。文章记叙了英语句子“An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure”的由来及意义。41考查形容词作表语。句意：有时候在生活中，你需要迅速行动。对问题想得太多并不总是有益的。它可以阻止我们。但有时候慢一点更好。分析句子可知，本空格要用形容词做

7、定语，故填beneficial。42考查名词做宾语。句意：生活中的许多事情都需要仔细考虑和准备。分析句子可知，空格处在句中作动词require的宾语，所以要用其名词形式，故填名词preparation。43考查语境。句意：这句话出自本杰明·富兰克林之口。根据语境可知，空格处缺少一个介词，根据语境可知，此处是指来自，故填from。44考查名词及固定搭配。句意：这句话来自本杰明·富兰克林，他是美国的开国元勋之一。“one of+the+名词复数”是固定短语，表示“之一”，空格处要用名词复数，故填founders。45考查副词辨析。句意：“盎司”这个词的意思是非常小的东西确切地说

8、仅仅是一千克的百分之二到一。空格处在句中作状语，要用副词形式，故填exactly。46考查介词宾语。句意：例如，如果一个国家宣布采取强有力的措施遏制病毒，我们可以说，“一盎司的预防胜过一磅的治疗（一分预防等于十分治疗）。”分析句子可知，空格处在句中作介词宾语，所以要用动词的-ing形式，故填containing。47考查固定句式。句意：与其以后遭受严重后果，不如采取严厉的预防措施。“It is adj. to do.”为固定句式，其中的it是形式主语，to do.为真正的主语，故填to take。48考查语境及连词。句意：当富兰克林第一次使用这个短语时，他并不是在谈论疾病，而是在谈论防火。分析

9、前后两句的内容可知，前后两句是转折关系，故填but 。49考查固定搭配。句意：在1733年访问波士顿期间，富兰克林对该市的防火方法印象深刻。“be impressed with sth.”为固定搭配，意为“某人对某事印象深刻”。根据时间状语“in 1733”可知，本句要用一般过去时，故填was impressed。50考查定语从句。句意：他试图把这些做法带到他居住的费城。分析句子可知，本句是定语从句，其中的the city of Philadelphia 是先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，此时要用关系副词where，故填where。2.（2020届福建省福州市高三毕业班质量检测）阅读下面材料，

10、在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置。At about 3 p.m. on October 2, carpentry students from Harvard H. Ellis Technical High School (ET) in the United States 41 (put) the finishing touches on a handicapped ramp (残疾人坡道) at Northeast Placement Services. It was a thing of 42 (beautiful), leading f

11、rom a platform outside one building to the entryway of the new Community Education Center. It was one year ago 43 students started the project. It took so long, because ET has a rotating (轮流的) schedule two weeks of academic work followed 44 two weeks of shop work. Their academic schedule made it dif

12、ficult 45 (finish) the job very quickly. During the summer, work stopped altogether.46 (arrive) at ET, Senior Gabe Martel first didnt know he wanted to be a carpenter. He soon found the hands-on activity was 47 (benefit) for him. One thing he learned is that no project goes according to plan. They h

13、ad to follow building rules and adapt 48 (they) quickly. They had to work with the customer and learn to get along with their teammates.The next project will be at the Brooklyn Fairgrounds, where students will rebuild a part of the main stage. Unless its 49 (extreme) cold in winter, theyll work a co

14、uple of 50 (month).【答案】41were putting42beauty43that44by45to finish46arriving47beneficial48themselves49extremely50months【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了来自美国哈弗H. Ellis技术高中的木工学生自己动手完成了ET这一项目，他们完成得很快，他们从中获得了许多，他们的老师也对他们很满意。41考查时态。此处缺乏谓语动词，根据At about 3 p.m. on October 2和语境可知，此处指过去正在发生的事，所以用过去进行时（was/were doing），主语carpe

15、ntry students是复数，应用were putting。故填were putting。42考查名词。a thing of _2 _是一个名词所有格，所以此空应用名词形式。故填beauty。43考查强调句型。此处是强调句型结构“It is/was +被强调部分+ that/who +从句”，被强调部分one year ago指物，所以用that。故填that。44考查介词。followed是过去分词表被动，做two weeks of academic work的后置定语，介词by意为“被”。故填by。45考查动词不定式。make it + adj. + to do sth.意为“使做某事

16、怎么样”，此处it是形式宾语，动词不定式（to do）是真正宾语，所以此空用动词不定式。故填to finish。46考查现在分词。此处是非谓语作状语，主语Senior Gabe Martel和动词arrive是逻辑上的主动关系，所以用现在分词（doing）。故填arriving。47考查形容词。固定搭配be beneficial for意为“对是有益的”。故填beneficial。48考查代词。此处宾语和主语同指“They”，所以宾语要用反身代词。故填themselves。49考查副词。此处修饰形容词cold，应用副词，所以此空用副词形式。故填extremely。50考查名词复数。a coup

17、le of +复数可数名词，意为“一对、几个”，所以此空用名词复数。故填months。3.（2020届福建省厦门市高三一次质检）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Han Gan, a leading horse painter of the Tang Dynasty, is known for capturing the physical features of the animal and 41 (it) inner spirit. Night-Shining White, his 42 (survive) work, is regarded as one of

18、 the most significant horse paintings in the history of Chinese art. Even now, we can still feel the power within the horses burning eyes, kicking hooves and bared 43 (tooth).Bom into a poor family, the young Han Gan worked in a wine shop to support his family. Accidentally, his great artistic talen

19、t 44 (discover) by the famous poet Wang Wei, 45 later sponsored the young man to study painting. Due to Han Gans 46 (nature) talent and hard work, he was 47 (eventual) chosen to serve Emperor Xuanzong in the royal palace. It was in the royal stables (马厩) 48 Han Gan developed his own style of paintin

20、g horses based on observing them, instead of the conventional practice of imitating a great master.Night-Shining White represents both an actual charger belonging 49 Xuanzong and a “heavenly horse” of Chinese legend. Those who saw Han Gans horse paintings all sang high praises for his unique skill,

21、saying that his horses “could gallop (飞奔) off the paper”. Even Su Shi, the famous poet of the Song Dynasty, 50 (express) his admiration for Han Gan.【答案】41its42surviving43teeth44was discovered45who46natural47eventually48that49to50expressed【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了唐代著名的画马的画家韩干的生平及他的传世之作夜光白。41考查形容词性物主代词。句意：他以捕捉

22、马的体貌特征和内在精神而闻名。修饰名词inner spirit用形容词性物主代词，故填its。42考查形容词。句意：是他现存的作品夜光白被认为是中国艺术史上最重要的画马的画作之一。修饰名词work用形容词，根据“is regarded as one of the most significant horse paintings in the history of Chinese art”可知此处表示“现存的、存世的”，故填surviving。43考查名词的数。句意：即使是现在，我们仍然可以感受到马那有神的眼睛，踏出的蹄子和露出的牙齿中的力量。此处指不止一颗牙齿，应该用复数形式，故填teeth。

23、44考查时态语态。句意：偶然间，他非凡的艺术才华被著名诗人王维发现，王维后来资助他学习绘画。讲述的是发生在唐代的事情，主语artistic talent 与discover之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，且谓语动词用单数，故填was discovered。45考查非限定性定语从句。句意同上，此处为非限定性定语从句，关系词指代先行词Wang Wei并在从句中作主语，故填who。46考查形容词。句意：由于他的天分和勤奋，韩干最终被选为唐玄宗的侍从。修饰名词talent用形容词，根据句意可知此处表示“天生的”，故填natural。47考查副词。句意同上，修饰句子“he was chose

24、n to serve Emperor Xuanzong in the royal palace”用副词，故填eventually。48考查强调句型。句意：正是在皇宫的马厩里，韩干在观察马的基础上发展出了自己的绘画风格。去掉It was和空处，句子成分仍然完整，因此本句为强调句型，其基本结构为：it is+被强调部分+that+其余部分，本句强调的是地点状语in the royal stables，故填that。49考查固定短语。句意：夜光白既代表了唐玄宗的舞马，也代表了中国传说中的天马。belong to是固定短语，表示“属于”，故填to。50考查时态。句意：就连宋代著名诗人苏轼也对韩干表示钦

25、佩。事情发生在宋代，应该用一般过去时，故填expressed。4.（2020届广东省广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试） Olympic and Paralympic medals for the Tokyo 2020 Games will be made from recycled mobile phones donated by the public.Olympic host cities have 41 (tradition) obtained the metal from mining firms. But Japan, 42 lacks its own mineral resources,

26、 is keen on taking the theme of a sustainable future a step 43 (far).“A project which allows the people of Japan 44 (participate) in creating the medals is really good, and helps raise the environmental awareness of our citizens,” said Tokyo 2020 sports 45 (direct) Koji Murofushi. “46 the resources

27、of our earth are limited, we need to recycle more and avoid waste. This program is setting an example ”Collection boxes have been placed in local offices and telecom stores and they will remain there until the metal required 47 (collect).Members of the organizing committee put forward the idea48 gov

28、ernment officials and companies earlier this year and won their support.As a result, the medals hanging around Olympic winners necks will carry even more meaning than usual. Peoples personal memories, once 49 (store) in their smartphones and other handheld devices, will take the round shape of an Ol

29、ympic medal, one of the most precious 50 (prize) in sport.【答案】41traditionally42which43further44to participate45director46As/Because/Since47is collected / has been collected48to49stored50prizes【解析】这是一篇新闻报道类文章。2020年东京奥运会和残奥会的奖牌将由公众捐赠的回收手机制成。41考查副词。句意：奥运会主办城市通常从矿业公司获得金属。该空修饰动词obtain，应用副词。故填traditionall

30、y。42考查定语从句。句意：缺乏自身矿产资源的日本，热衷于将可持续未来的主题向前推进一步。_2_ lacks its own mineral resources是非限制性定语从句，修饰Japan，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用which引导该从句。故填which。43考查比较级。句意：缺乏自身矿产资源的日本，热衷于将可持续未来的主题向前推进一步。根据句意，该处应用far的比较级，表示“进一步”，应用further。故填further。44考查非谓语动词。句意：一个允许日本人民参与制作奖牌的项目是非常好的。allow sb. to do sth.是固定句式，意为“允许某人做某事”。故填to p

31、articipate。45考查名词。 Koji Murofushi是2020年东京奥运会体育总监。director意为“总监”，故填director。46考查连词。句意：因为我们的地球资源是有限的，我们需要更多的回收和避免浪费。前后两句之间是因果关系，该空引导原因状语从句，应用because，as或since引导。故填As/Because/Since。47考查时态，主谓一致和语态。句意：收集箱已经被放置在当地的办公室和电信商店，它们将一直在那里，直到所需的金属被收集。until引导时间状语从句，根据“主将从现”原则，主句用一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时态或现在完成时态。且the metal和c

32、ollect之间是被动关系，metal不可数，根据主谓一致原则，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填is collected / has been collected。48考查介词。句意：今年早些时候，组委会成员向政府官员和企业提出了这一想法，并得到了他们的支持。表示“向提出”，应用put forward sth. to sb.，故填to。49考查非谓语动词。句意：人们的个人记忆一旦储存在智能手机和其他手持设备中，就会以奥运奖牌的形式出现，奥运奖牌是体育界最珍贵的奖品之一。once是连词，引导从句，从句补充完整为“once peoples personal memories are stored

33、 in their smartphones and other handheld devices”，根据“主从句主语一致，且从句中有be，可以将从句的主语和be省略”这一原则，从句省略之后为“once stored in their smartphones and other handheld devices”，故填stored。50考查名词单复数。prize奖品是可数名词，one of+名词复数，故填prizes。5.（2020届河南省郑州市高三第二次质量预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式， 并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上。At a very young

34、age, Oindrila Basu had no idea of 41 to live with nature. She would climb trees or destroy the nests of birds just for fun, like other kids. Once her mother caught her and got angry, and then the girl realized she 42 (do) something terribly wrong.This is just a way that Basu's parents shaped her

35、 understanding and appreciation of nature. 43 ( live) in the countryside, she spent her youth studying ants before the rain, watching sunbirds drink honey, counting fireflies and watching young plants grow. Then her parents decided to move to a nearby city 44 better educational chances, and then she

36、 stopped having first-hand experiences with nature.Later, as she struggled 45 (choose) a college major, her mother suggested a career in forestry (林业).That's when her journey began, and she fell in love with forestry. Away from the crowded cities, in the lap of the Himalayas, she graduated in fo

37、restry from Kumaun University, India. When she went on to study a 46 (master) degree in forestry from the Forest Research Institute, India, she finally got introduced to a like-minded group of people, devoted to the International Forestry Students' Association (IFSA).IFSA is a 47 ( globe) organi

38、zation connecting students to exchange knowledge and participate in forestry activities. The youth joining IFSA are 48 (encourage) to undertake its task to enrich forest education and spread a love of nature through events and exchanges.After 6 months of exciting international conferences and worksh

39、ops, Basu, then 25, found her home a family that loved forests as much 49 she did. She felt more active, so her passion had a direction. Now she wanted to do more.As a key member of IFSA, Basu recalled the experience of joining, “50 (deliberate) or by accident, we chose forestry, or rather, forestry

40、 chose us.”【答案】41how42had done43Living44with / for45to choose46masters47global48encouraged49as50Deliberately【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了热爱自然的Basu与林业之间的故事。Basu从小热爱和理解自然，大学时选择了林业作为专业，在攻读硕士学位时进入国际林业学生协会，成为其中重要的成员。这个国际组织致力于丰富森林教育，传播对自然的热爱。41考查副词。根据第一段第二句She would climb trees or destroy the nests of birds just for

41、fun, like other kids.(她会像其他孩子一样，为了好玩就爬树或破坏鸟巢。)可知她在年纪很小的时候还不知道如何和自然相处。how to live with nature意为“如何与自然相处”，符合语境，故填how。42考查时态。根据上下文语境，do所表示的动作发生在realized之前，因此要用过去完成时，表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，由had加过去分词构成，故填had done。43考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语结构，live与其逻辑主语she是主动关系，应使用现在分词。故填Living。44考查介词。a nearby city with

42、better educational chances意为“有更好教育机会的附近城市”，with表示伴随；move to a nearby city for better educational chances意为“为了更好的教育机会而搬到附近城市”，for表示“因为”。因此此空可有两种填法：with或for。故填with / for。45考查固定搭配。struggle to do sth.意为“努力做某事”，为固定搭配。故填to choose。46考查固定短语。masters degree意为“硕士学位”，是固定短语，故填masters。47考查形容词。形容词修饰名词，此处用globe的形容词

43、形式global，修饰名词organization。故填global。48考查语态。此句中主语为The youth，动词encourage与主语之间是被动关系，要用被动语态，根据空前的are可知所填空只需填encourage的过去分词形式，故填encouraged。49考查固定搭配。as much as意为“和一样多”，是固定搭配，故填as。50考查副词。根据空后的or by accident(或者意外地)可知所填空意为“故意地”。分析句子可知，此处应用deliberate的副词形式和or by accident一起修饰整个句子，故填Deliberately。6.（2020届江西省抚州市高三教

44、学质量监测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Kitchen technology has reached new heights. So far, astronauts on the International Space Station 41(make)the universes first space-baked cookies. They are 42 very first kind of food to be baked in space from raw ingredients. The astronauts said 43(eat) freshly

45、baked food will make them happy while on the space station. It will be a comforting 44(remind) of home. This will be important for astronauts going to the moon or on the long journey to Mars.Baking the space cookies once 45(think) extremely difficult. On Earth, cookies take about 20 minutes 46(bake)

46、 in an oven heated to 150 degrees Celsius(302 degrees Fahrenheit). That was not long enough in space. The first cookie came out 47(total) undercooked.The space bakers turned 48the ovens temperature and baked the dough for 49(long)until they were successful. The fifth cookie they made took 130 minute

47、s to bake. The space-baked cookies are now in a laboratory in Houston, Texas. Scientists will test them to see 50 they are safe to eat.【答案】41have made42the43eating44reminder45was thought46to bake47totally48up49longer50if/whether【解析】这是一篇新闻报道类文章。国际空间站的宇航员制作了宇宙中第一块太空烘焙饼干。41考查时态。时间状语是so far（迄今为止），句子应用现在

48、完成时态。故填have made。42考查冠词。句意：它们是第一种在太空中由原料烘焙而成的食物。序数词first前要用定冠词,表示“第一”。故填the。43考查动名词。句意：宇航员们说，在空间站吃新鲜出炉的食物会让他们很开心。该空作主语，常用动名词。故填eating。44考查名词。句意：在太空吃到现烤的饼干将会使人想到家。空前有不定冠词和形容词，故该空应用单数名词。该处表示“引起回忆的事物；提醒人的事物”。故填reminder。45考查时态和语态。句意：在太空中烹饪曾被认为是极其困难的。baking the space cookies和think之间是被动关系，该句应用被动语态。且根据once(曾经)可知，该句应用一般过去时态。且动名词作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填was thought。46考查非谓语动词。句意：在地