《2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测》专题05 阅读理解之议论文（原卷版） (2).doc

《《2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测》专题05 阅读理解之议论文（原卷版） (2).doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《《2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测》专题05 阅读理解之议论文（原卷版） (2).doc（8页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、专题05阅读理解之议论文1.（2020届安徽省蚌埠市高三第三次质检） Scientist， conservation organizations and government trying to stop the trend of extinction （灭绝） often focus on protected areas such as national parks and wildlife preserves. But with as many as million species（物种） at risk， this plan of action may not be enough to

2、conserve wildlife.Slowing the mass extinction that now appears to be underway will require more creative means of coexisting alongside wild plants and animals. A new study indicates the effectiveness of some such approaches by examining some lands managed by indigenous groups.“ We show really strong

3、ly that， from a biodiversity standpoint in terms of species richness，indigenous managed lands are at least comparable to protected areas， ” says biologist Richard Schuster of Carleton University. And in some places， they are better than parks and preserves even though indigenous communities may use

4、their lands resources by hunting or searching for food.Schuster and his team analyzed more than 15，000 areas in Australia， Brazil and Canada. They found that the total diversity of wildlife was highest on lands either managed or co managed by indigenous groups， while randomly selected areas with no

5、formal protection were the least biodiverse. For threatened species in particular， indigenous lands scored slightly higher than protected lands on overall species richness in Brazil and Canada， as well as higher for threatened animals in Australia.Each country has a different geography， climate and

6、history. Yet remarkably， Schuster says， the best indicator for species diversity is whether a given area was managed by an indigenous community. He pointed out that practices such as sustainable（可持续的） hunting， fishing and searching， as well as burning， are more likely to occur in such areas. Don Han

7、kins， an ecologist at California State University，agrees. “ there s probably going to be more of a connection to the land， ” he says， “ and a use of the land for the things that are there， compared to a national park. ”“ It s really important to listen to the people who live on the land and have the

8、m drive the stewardship efforts going forward， ” Schuster says， adding that partnering with indigenous communities may enable the world s countries to better meet a wide range of conservation goals： “ We really need all the help we can get as a global community to prevent species extinction that we

9、re facing right now. ”8What does the underlined word “ indigenous” probably mean in Paragraph 2？ASocial.BNative.CProtected.DThreatened.9What did Richard Schuster find in his study？ANational parks are even higher in species diversity.BIndigenous communities overhunted on their lands.CSome preserves a

10、lmost have no formal protection.DIndigenous lands do better in keeping biodiversity.10Which of the following statements may Don Hankins agree with？ASpecies diversity depends on geographical positions.BHumans everyday activities are no longer sustainable.CIndigenous groups have a close bond with thei

11、r lands.DProtected areas work perfectly in wildlife protection.11What is the text mainly about？ABeating back extinction.BDealing with environmental problems.CSetting up nature reserves.DFighting against unsustainable behaviors.2.（2020届安徽省蚌埠市高三第三次质检） I grew up in a Midwestern town where the popular w

12、isdom was to only talk about what was pleasant and to keep secrets， if necessary， to make that happen.This meant staying mum when someone offended you， rarely expressing unpleasant feelings and smiling slightly more than is necessary. It also meant zero room for airing any sort of dirty laundry，espe

13、cially not the kinds of personal secrets that keep people up.Many of us like to believe that hiding unpleasant truths might make them eventually go away. Instead， keeping secrets especially heavy ones can spin an even more complicated web of loneliness and deception（欺骗） . So why do we do it？The trut

14、h can hurt. But in many situations， it s better to get it out and let the recovery start， rather than allowing it to be more harmful.The burden of holding in the truth doesn t just disappear. It hides in the back of your mind and can cause disorder to your life and health.“ If the situations in your

15、 daily life are regular reminders of the secret， and you find it stressful to keep it， then yes， it can have emotional（感情上的） and physical consequences， ” says Dr. Dean McKay.“ Some people also find keeping secrets stressful out of a general concern they will slip ， and this frequent thought of the s

16、ecret can in itself be stressful. ”This difficulty is especially worse if you feel trapped by the secret， or if it brings up other unpleasant feelings like guilt， shame or anxiety.If you do decide that your secrets took your joy away and would be better off being let out into the world， and if that

17、secret doesn t put other people in physical danger， there are healthy ways to share it.12What is considered wise for most people in the Midwestern town？AExpressing feelings freely.BKeeping unpleasant truths secret.CAnswering violence with violence.DSharing private matters with friends.13What is a su

18、ggested way to deal with the unpleasant situations？ATo hide your feelings.BTo tell a white lie.CTo make no response.DTo expose the truth.14What can be inferred about secrets in the text？AThey are bad for your health.BThey are hardly accepted by people.CThey bring up more positive feelings.DThey help

19、 prevent disorder in your life.15What will probably be talked about in the paragraph that follows？AReasons for holding secrets.BWays to share secrets.CDoubts about breaking secrets.DTips on keeping secrets.3.（2020届福建省福州市高三毕业班质量检测） Look! A polar bear is lying lifeless on a beach. On the shore, in the

20、 background, stand three guards, talking to each other. One of them has a deadly weapon hanging casually on his shoulder. This powerful image has thrown into question the motivation for this kind of tourism, or ecotourism. Does our proximity (接近) to large animals in the wild, frequently fueled by a

21、desire for exciting images, lead to such animals becoming accustomed to human contact? If that is the case, surely the losing side will end up paying the ultimate price for such proximity.To my sorrow, I have recently returned from a trip to Svalbard, and indeed stood two weeks ago on the very beach

22、 where the bear was shot. The bears death should never have happened. Was the beach examined from the ship offshore beforehand? Was there access to flares (照明弹) to scare off a bear that appeared suddenly? These are standard measures for any respected operator. The incident is probably the result of

23、a terrible systemic failure.Nevertheless, the incident should not negate the value of ecotourism. In its best form, this kind of travel has very little impact, or indeed has a positive effect, on the environment where it takes place. This can be by making financial donations to conservation groups,

24、providing income to local communities, or ensuring protection of certain areas or animals. In Svalbard, visitors become ambassadors for the endangered polar bear, increasing awareness of the fact that the far greater danger facing them is sea-ice melt in the Arctic Ocean.Ecotourism is expanding mark

25、et that brings benefits as well as challenges to the regions around the world in which it operates. Simply closing off these regions is not the answer.8Why was the polar bear dead?AIt was probably hunt for its fur by tourists.BIt was probably frightened to death by flares.CThe proper procedures were

26、nt probably followed.DThe beach wasnt probably equipped with safety devices.9What is the third paragragh mainly about?AEcotourism could be developed properly.BFinancial awareness has greatly advocated.CEnvironmental awareness has greatly increased.DVisitors have a guilty conscience about ecotourism.

27、10What does the underlined sentence in the last paragragh suggest?AMore challenges from guards havent yet been accepted.BBetter measures for conducting ecotourism are a good choice.CThe environmental benefits from ecotourism are very obvious.DThe positive effects of protecting tourists havent yet be

28、en felt.11What is the purpose of the text?ATo cause readers to focus on polar bears.BTo stimulate readers to reflect on ecotourism.CTo stress side effects that ecotourism has caused.DTo analyze the reason why the polar bear was killed.4.（2020届广东省高考模拟 ） An advance in electronic publishing could make

29、the ebook you are reading seem as dated as a silent film. Publishers hope to explore the growing success of ebooks by releasing versions with added soundtracks and musical accompaniments.The noises in the first multimedia books- released in Britain on Friday - include rain hitting a window in a Sher

30、lock Holmes tale. When the plot of a book reaches the most exciting part, background scores will create tension. In America, works by Shakespeare and Jane Austen have already been released with music and background noise so that, for example, readers can hear tea cups clinking in Mr. Darcy's gar

31、den as they read Pride and Prejudice.Supporters argue that sound effects are the next logical development for ebooks and will add excitement for younger readers. Critics, however, will argue that the noise will ruin the simple pleasure of having the imagination stimulated by reading.Caroline Michel,

32、 chief executive of the literary agency, said the new generation of computer-literate readers was used to multiple sensory input. She said, “Young people have split computer screens where they may be watching television and replying to an email at the same time. If that's what the market wants t

33、hen we should respond to the market.”Booktrack's sound effects work by estimating the user's reading speed. Each time you “turn” a page, the software reassesses where you have reached in the text and times the sounds to switch on accordingly. If the soundtrack becomes out of synch(同步), a cli

34、ck on any word will re-set it.Some authors fear that a soundtrack could destroy the peace and quiet of libraries and ruin the pleasure of reading. David Nicholls, author of One Day, the bestseller now released as a film, said, “This sounds like the opposite of reading. I have enough trouble reading

35、an ebook because Im constantly distracted by emails.”Stuart MacBride, the crime writer whose novel Shatter the Bones was an ebook bestseller, sells 18% of his books as electronic downloads. He said, “If Im reading, I will do the noise in my head. I don't need someone to tell me what tea cups cli

36、nking sounds like. That would irritate me.”12What's the passage mainly about?AOpinions about ebooks with soundtracks.BResponse to the need of the book market.CReasons for traditional ebooks becoming outdated.DSuggestions on encouraging readers' imagination.13What do publishers expect an eboo

37、k soundtrack to do?AHelp to release an ebook as a film.BHelp readers improve reading speed.CAdd tension at a book's exciting point.DGet readers familiar with the background.14Who is in favour of added soundtracks for ebooks?AMr. Darcy.BCaroline Michel.CDavid Nicholls.DStuart MacBride.15What do w

38、e know about Stuart MacBride?AHe was a person who was easy to get angry.BHe knew a great deal about tea and tea culture.CEighty-two percent of his books described crime.DHe imagined sounds related to the story when reading.5.（2020届广东省广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试） As we continue to explore farther out into our sol

39、ar system and beyond, the question of humans living on other planets often comes up. Manned bases on the Moon or Mars for example, have long been a dream of many. There is a natural desire to explore as far as we can go, and also to extend humanity's presence on a permanent or at least semi-perm

40、anent basis. In order to do this, however, it is necessary to adapt to different extreme environments. On the Moon for example, a colony must be self-sustaining and protect its inhabitants from the airless, harsh environment outside.Mars, though, is different. While future bases could adapt to the M

41、artian environment over time there is also the possibility of modifying the surrounding environment instead of just co-existing with it. This is the process of terraforming - adjusting Mars atmosphere and environment to make it more Earth-like. But the bigger question is, should we?One of the main i

42、ssues is whether Mars has any native life or not and if it does, should it be preserved as much as possible? If the answer is yes, then large-scale human settlements on Mars should be completely off-limits. Small colonics might be fine, but living on Mars should not be at the expense of any native h

43、abitats, if they exist. If Mars is home to any indigenous life, then terraforming should be a non-issue; it simply should not be done.What if Mars is lifeless? Even if no life exists there, that untouched and unique alien environment needs to be preserved as it is as much as possible. Weve already d

44、one too much damage here on our own planet. By studying Mars and other planets and moons in their current natural state, we can learn so much about their history and also learn more about our own world. We should appreciate (he differences of other worlds instead of just transforming them to suit ou

45、r own ambitions.8What is the best title for the text?AA Is there life on Mars?BCan we adapt to Mars?CShould we terraform Mars?DAre Mars and Earth So Different?9What does the author think we should do if life is found on Mars ?AEnsure that it's not harmed.BNegotiate with the Martians.CChange the

46、unpopulated regions.DAssess the advantages and disadvantages.10What does the underlined word “indigenous” in paragraph 3 mean?AComplex.BNative.CForeign.DIntelligent.11How does the author develop his ideas in the text?ABy referring to others' research.BBy evaluating different planets.CBy justifyi

47、ng the benefits of terraforming.DBy arguing in support of one viewpoint.6.（2020届江西省抚州市高三教学质量监测） Walking through a local park recently, I saw a teenage boy wearing a T-shirt that read: “Effort wins over talent. ” It reminded me of an idea I think about often, that if you believe you can learn new thi

48、ngs and develop new skills, by working hard, you are more likely to achieve those goals. This critical insight was brought up by Dr. Carol Dweck, a Stanford University psychologist, as a “growth mindset”.According to Dr. Dwecks research, “talent is not fixed.” Studies by Dweck and others have shown students who have a fixed mindset see new learning experiences as a moment to be judged, not an opportunity to learn. This can make learning a painful struggle, leading many to give up. Students who have a growth mindset, on the other hand, experie