高考英语语法之虚拟语气考点梳理- 高三英语一轮复习素材.doc

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1、高中英语-虚拟语气考点梳理1、 理解：表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种不能实现的假设, 或者主观愿望（命令，建议，要求，推测，怀疑）。虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句，也可用于主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句等。二、考点聚焦1.条件状语从句中虚拟语气格式情况虚拟条件从句(if)主句与现在事实相反主语+动词的过去式/were主语+should / would/could / might + 动词原形If I had lots of money,I would give it away to charites.与过去事实相反主语+ had +过去分词主语+ should / would/ could

2、 / might + have +过去分词If you had taken my advice,you wouldnt have failed in the exam.与将来事实相反主语+动词的过去式/should +动词原形/were to +动词原形主语+should / would/could / might + 动词原形If he were to come here tomorrow,I would accompany him to the Summer Palace.2. Wish(希望)/as if/as though(好像)/if only(要是.就好了) 后的虚拟语气Wish

3、引导的宾语从句，as if/though 引导的表语从句或状语从句以及if only 引导的句子或从句，其虚拟语气的情况是一样的。表示现在的情况谓语动词用一般过去时（be用were)例句：If only my mother were here now! （表示现在的情况）The house was in mess.It looked as if it had been bombed.(表示过去的情况）I wish I could fly to the moon by spaceship one day.(表示将来的情况）表示过去的情况谓语动词用过去完成时表示将来的情况谓语动词用过去将来完成时(

4、would/could/might/should +动词原形）3. would rather(宁愿.) 后的虚拟语气Would rather后接从句时，从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。表示现在和将来事实相反谓语动词用一般过去时（be用were)例句：Id rather that they didnt go to the cinema tonight.She looks so sad.I would rather I hadnt told her the bad news.表示过去的事实相反谓语动词用过去完成时4. ”(should)+动词原形” 虚拟语气(1) 在表示坚持(insist)、命令(o

5、rder, commnad)、建议(suggest, propose, recommend, advise)、要求(demand, require, request, desire)等的动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，即”(should)+动词原形” The teacher suggested taht we (should) make good use of the Internet for the latest information.Suggest 意为“暗示；表明”，insist 意为“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。(2) 在表示坚持、命令、要求、建议、等的动词构成的主语

6、从句，即It is suggested/required/desired.that.从句，及其相应的名词引导的同位语从句和表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，即”(should)+动词原形” It is ordered that the soldier (shoud) be here as soon as possible.The proposal that he be invited wa rejected.5. 在It is/was(high/about) time that. 从句中的虚拟语气在这一从句中的虚拟语气，谓语动词用一般过去时或should+动词原形It is high time

7、that the government took/should take measures to improve air quality.6. 错综时间虚拟语气当虚拟语气中从句的时间和主句的时间指的不是同一个时间时，这时会构成错综时间虚拟语气，需要根据上下文来判断各自的语气。If I were you,I wouldnt have taken his stupid advice.If you had studied hard earlier, you would be studying at university now.7. 含蓄虚拟语气常用的情况例句(1)假设的情况通过一个介词短语或其他方

8、式来表示，常用的有without,but for, under, with等介词Without your help,I couldnt have won the prize.(2)虚拟语气由otherwise, or, but来引导Your father felt tired yesterday, or/otherwise(不然) he would have taken you to the zoo.She would have helped you, but she was busy yesterday.(3)but that也用来引导虚拟语气But that(要不是) her family

9、 were badly off,she would have finished her university education.8. If it were/hadnt been for.(要是没有.) 句型中的虚拟语气If it were not for the Internet,we could not be living a much easier life today. （与现在事实相反）If it had not been for your instructions, we wouldnt have completed the task ahead of time.（与过去事实相反）9. 虚拟语气还可用来表示祝愿，禁止等Long live the friendship! 友谊万岁！May you succeed! 祝你成功！God bless you! 上帝保佑你！4