专练07 应用文体类阅读理解(原卷版)---备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）.doc

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1、备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）07应用文体类阅读理解【命题意图】 阅读理解从能力的角度来讲，考查学生运用英语的能力，具体地说，就是通过阅读有关文章提取有用信息的能力。【考试方向】全国高考英语考试说明明确指出，要求考生读懂一般性话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文章，这说明了应用文文体在高考英语中的重要性。这个特点在历年高考试题中有明显的印证，不管是全国高考卷，还是省区高考卷中基本每年都涉及应用文文体的考查，这充分体现了为用而学，学以致用的新课程理念。因此，考生很有必要认真研读阅读理解中应用文的特征和命题特点，并掌握一定的解题方法。本文拟结合近年高

2、考英语全国卷阅读理解中所涉及的应用文文体，帮助考生提高阅读理解的解题能力。 应用文是在日常工作和生活中使用的文体，通常以实用性为目的、以真实性为基础、以时效性为根本、以规范性为准则。该文体一般可分为两大类：一类是说明性应用文，包括广告、启事、海报、守则、公告、指南、个人简历、备忘录、摘要等；另一类是叙述性应用文，如书信、日记、便条、报告、请帖等。目的都是向读者传输信息。高考试题主要涉及宣传广告、公告类应用文，偶尔也会有书信类文章出现。从近三年高考全国卷阅读理解中应用文的话题分布情况可知，前一类是应用文命题的首选题材，其中包括广告、海报和指南等。在高考英语阅读理解中应用文体的考查主要有如下几个特

3、点：1. 就文体特点而言，应用文主要是为了向读者传递信息，措辞简洁明了，一般来说，和所述问题无关的文字不会出现。例如很多文章没有标题，甚至通篇没有一个完整的句子，而是用词、数字、缩写、短语等来替代。2. 就选材特点来说，信息量大，文句精练，形式灵活，用最小的篇幅表述最大量的信息。其中书信，招聘和商品销售等广告，交通运输时刻表，日记等的比例较大。其内容特点表现为：生活化，实用化，多样化。3. 就形式特点而言，标题醒目，重点突出，条理清晰，常用粗体字或各类项目符号使文章结构更鲜明。4. 就语言特点来说，文章充斥大量冗长而生僻的专有名词，如人名、地名、机构名、组织名、书籍名、作品名等等，而且没有汉语

4、注释。缩略词、祈使句、省略句多。5. 在行文方式方面，应用文的每种文体都有固定的格式。叙述性应用文采用一般记叙文的写作方法，无特别之处；说明性应用文的行文呈排列式，即以小标题为单位逐一下行排列。6. 就命题特点来说，高考英语应用文的设问一般是按照文章段落的顺序依次设置，主要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，既考查对特定细节的选取、排除、类比、综合，又注重推理判断题的考查，题目设置相对容易。具体讲来主要有四大类：(1)细节理解题，即要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。这一题型常见的命题方式有事实认定题、图形辨认题、数字运算题等。(2)推理判断题。这类题主要考查考生根据文章的字面意思

5、，通过分析语篇的逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。(3)主旨大意题。该类题主要考查考生对所读材料中心思想的概括.其考查形式有很多，如概括标题、主题、中心思想等。(4)词义猜测题，即要求考生根据一定的上下文猜测生词的词义。【得分要点】考生必须掌握应对应用文阅读的一些常见技巧或方法，这样有利于快速、准确地答题。 1. 夯实基础尽量多积累一些非考纲单词和一些常见的缩写词语，由于应用文中常常出现大量的缩写词和一些生词，这就要求同学们平时要在老师的指导下，有意识地尽量多积累一些非考纲单词和一些常见的缩写词语。例如：表时间，路程，数量：

6、am=morning， pm=afternoon， Mon=Monday， Jan.=January，hr=hour， hrs =hours， P.W.=perweek，ml= mile，doz=dozen，Max=maximum，Min=minimum 表通信和影视设备：Te1.=telephone number， Ph.=phone表媒体：VOA=Voice of America，BBC=British Broadcasting Corporation表学历、职业：MA=Master of Arts，BS degree= bachelors degree(学士学位)，prof.=profe

7、ssor，Dr.=doctor，VIP=very important persons 表国家、组织、地点：the USA=the United States of America，the PRC=the Peoples Republic of China，WTO=World Trade Organization，co.=company，Add(r).=address，Sta=Station，Mt=Mountain 表方向：s=south， n=north， w=west，e=east其他：Lid=Limited，P=page，pop=popular，Xmas=Christmas，info=in

8、formation，ad=advertisement，vs=versus，PC=personal computer 等等。2. 宜采用题干定位法应用文阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，但在高考试题中，常常是就某一点提问，以细节理解题为主，考生完全没有必要从头到尾全部仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类题时，宜采用题干定位法，即先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，按照题目顺序依次有针对性地结合题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，阅读相关部分，快速寻找有效信息，再把原文和选项相比较。当问题与材料相同的时候，对号入座；如果问题与原文不同，则可以同义替换、归纳事实等。要注意

9、根据所提问题采用寻读、跳读的方法，这样往往可以达到事半功倍的效果。3. 补全成分法 省略词和省略句在应用文阅读材料中大量出现，对于影响语境理解的省略情况，我们应结合全文语境及逻辑关系将省略句补全，从而更加准确地理解。例如：Driver wanted. 根据文意，可将该句补充为A driver will be wanted.(招聘一名司机。) 。4. 排除法排除法在应用文阅读中也应用得较多，即排除与文章内容不一致的错误信息，从而确定正确选项。【真题再现】【2020·新高考全国卷（山东），A】 POETRY CHALLENGEWrite a poem about how courage,

10、 determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.Prizes3 Grand Prizes:Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winners choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and S

11、pace Museum and the office of National Geographic World.6 First Prizes:The book Sky Pioneer:A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.50 Honorable Mentions:Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of

12、 Earharts final flight.RulesFollow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines.Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper.On the same sheet of paper, wr

13、ite or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date.Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.1. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Six.2. What will each of the honorable mention winners get?A. A plane ticket.B. A book by Cor

14、inne Szabo.C. A special T-shirt.D. A photo of Amelia Earhart.3. Which of the following will result in disqualification?A. Typing your poem out.B. Writing a poem of 120 words.C. Using both sides of the paper.D. Mailing your entry on October 30.【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B【解析】这是一篇应用文。本文是一篇诗歌大赛的征稿启事。文章就参赛作品的内容、奖

15、项、参赛规则等做了介绍。1.细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第一段中的”Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's choice”可知，每位获奖者都可以带一名家长和另一名由获奖者选择的人员。因此，每位获奖者可以带两个人。故选A。2.细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第三段”50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who

16、will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight”可知，每位优秀奖获奖者都将获得一件纪念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的T恤。故选C。3.细节理解题。根据最后一部分中的”Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. Write a poem using 100 words or fewer”可知，所写的诗字数不能超过100字。否则，将会被取消资格。故结合选项，B选项(写一首120字的诗)是会被取消资格的。故选B。【题型演练】1Admission to A

17、ngkorAngkor passAdmission to the Angkor Archaeological Park is through the Angkor pass. This pass is needed to visit any of the temples within the park. It is valid (有效的) for all monuments in the area, except for Beng Mealea and Phnom Kulen. Be sure to have a valid pass, and tickets are regularly ch

18、ecked at most of the monuments and at the check points.Where to buy the Angkor passThe main ticket sales office is the Angkor Conservation Area ticket booth on Charles de Gaulle road. All Angkor passes are available here. Ticket booths are open daily from 5a. m. to 5:30 p. m. Hotels, guest houses, s

19、hops etc. are not authorized to sell Angkor passes.Types of passesPasses for several durations are available:1day at US $373days at US $627days at US $72The 3-day ticket is valid for any 3 days within a week,the 7-day ticket for any 7 days within a month. Admission for children younger than 12 is fr

20、ee. Prices are quoted in US Dollars, but can also be paid in Cambodian Riel, Thai Baht or Euro.The information board at the ticket booths list strict rules:Passes are not refundable.Passes are not transferable. The pass contains a photo that is taken with a webcam at the ticket office.Passes are not

21、 valid after their validity date. Passes have validity from and to date printed on them.Tickets bought before 5 p. m, are valid the same day. It is not possible to buy a one-day pass for the next day. Tickets bought after 5 p. m. are valid the same day until sunset and the next day. Make sure the pa

22、ss is not stamped or holes aren't punched (打孔) into it,which invalidates it,1. Where can the Angkor pass be purchased?A. At the check points.B. At the ticket booths.C. In the hotels.D. In the shops.2. How much should a couple with an 8- year-old pay for a 3-day trip to Angkor?A. US $74.B. US $12

23、4.C. US $144.D. US $62.3. What do we know about the Angkor pass?A. It includes access to all sites.B. It must be paid in US Dollars.C. It can be transferred to others.D. Stamped tickets are invalid.2Four things that you can't miss in MacaoMacao Tower AJ Hackett Bungee JumpThe Macao Tower, 338 me

24、ters tall, is the world's 10th highest tower, with a variety of activities, such as gambling, eating and entertainment. One of the acclaimed activities is the bungee jump. The AJ Hackett Macao Tower Bungee Jump is 233 meters high, making it the highest commercial bungee jump in the world. Raise

25、your arms and off you go! If you are not daring enough to jump that height, you can try the skywalk on the 57th floor - it's still remarkable.Grabbing a traditional Portuguese dinnerMacao was colonized by Portugal before 1999. As a result, Portuguese culture is deeply immersed into many comers o

26、f Macao. Many Portuguese settled and opened Portuguese restaurants in the special administrative region, but the flavor is more adaptable to Chinese people.Marking at the Ruins of St. PaulThe Ruins of St. Paul is the signature landmark of Macao. The ruins consist of the St. Paul's College and th

27、e Church of St. Paul, built in 1583. However, after three intense fires in 1595, 1601 and 1835, the church was seriously damaged. It is beyond belief that after the vigorous cycles of rebuilding and fires, the huge surface and the front stairway remain unburned.Visiting a museumMacao, as a tiny city

28、 with only an area of 30.5 square kilometers, has 23 eye-catching museums. Due to its unique history, both Eastern and Western historical sites can be found. Many of them are preserved for cultural heritage, tourist spots or museums, such as the Grand Prix Museum, Maritime Museum and Wine Museum.4.

29、Which activity will be popular with adventurous visitors?A. Going Bungee Jumping.B. Grabbing a traditional Portuguese dinner.C. Marking at the Ruins of St. Paul.D. Visiting a museum.5. What is incredible about the Ruins of St. Paul?A. It has a unique culture.B. It serves as a symbol of Macao.C. It p

30、artly stays undamaged after fierce fires.D. It is a combination of a college and a church.6. What do "'Grabbing a traditional Portuguese dinner" and "Visiting a museum" have in common?A. Taking a selfie in it.B. Finding historical sites.C. Enjoying a breathtaking experience.D

31、. Feeling both eastern and western cultures.3Travel in EuropeInstead of Santorini, TinosSantorini has been struggling with overtourism for years, a victim of its own success after the island, and the Greek government, sought to lure tourists back following an 8-year financial crisis Now this idyllic

32、 destination has reached a saturation point.A more authentic Greece the one that Santorini offered before the crowds can be found in the Cycladic haven of Tinos. With its own enchanting sunsets and rugged charm, this under-the-radar gem is an alluring alternative.Instead of Amsterdam, Delft and The

33、HagueIn 2017 Amsterdam was visited by 19 million people, two million more than live in the entire country. The city has a particular problem with tourists on a tight budget many arriving via low-cost airlines from Britain, France, Germany and beyond, and staying at Airbnbs, in hostels or in their ca

34、rs and, spending much of their time partying in the red-light district. There the crowds get so dense that on weekend summer nights rescue workers often cant get to people who fall sick or faint.Another two destinations can be easily combined: Delft and, about 10 miles away, The Hague, the seat of D

35、utch government. Both are ideal for visitors looking for great museums, canals, wild North Sea beaches and no crowds.Instead of Barcelona, ValenciaFor a less frenetic dose of cosmopolitan Mediterranean charm, head 220 miles down the coast to Valencia, Spains third-largest city, with 800,000 resident

36、s and barely 2 million visitors per year. Founded as a retirement community for Roman soldiers, it has many of the same attributes as Barcelona both were ancient walled cities with a sprawling, mazelike center filled with Gothic, Romanesque, Renaissance and Baroque architecture. All styles were comb

37、ined in Valencias Cathedral, built between the 13th and 18th centuries; architectural purists should not miss the 15th-century Silk Exchange, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a stunning reminder of the citys mercantile importance.7. What can we learn from Santorini?A. It is still the popular place.B

38、. It is an attractive choice.C. It will win tourists back.D. It suffered overtourism.8. In Amsterdam, the crowds are so dense that .A. the streets are bustling with noise and excitement.B. some people cant be treated in time.C. more visitors will be disturbed.D. many people fall sick or faint.9. Wha

39、ts the authors purpose to write this passage?A. Recommend some better places to visit.B. Introduce some new places to visit.C. Criticize some crowded places.D. Blame the improper tourism.4Four-Day Rwanda Gorilla Trekking(徒步旅行)This four-day travel will take you for gorilla trekking of Mountain Gorill

40、as in Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda, the “land of a thousand hills". Gorilla trekking in Rwanda is one of the highlight travel experiences in Africa.Day 1: Pick u from Kigali Airport- -Transfer to Kigali SerenaToday upon your arrival at Kigali International Airport, you will be warmly welco

41、med and transferred by road to your hotel， You will relax at the hotel for the rest of the time.Journey Time: 10 minutes Accommodation: Kigali Serena Meal Plan: Not includedDay 2: Kigali City Tours- Transfer to Volcanoes National ParkToday after breakfast, you will go for a guided city tour of Kigal

42、i, one of the safest and cleanest capital cities in Africa. The tour will start from the first modern building that the city was founded on, during which you can learn about the country's history. After the city tour, you will begin the journey northwards to Volcanoes National Park. Bisate Lodge

43、(旅馆) is Rwanda' s first real comfort lodge. Activities at the lodge include Bind watching and participating in the reforestation programme.Journey Time; 3 hours Accommodation: Bisate Lodge Meal Plan: All foodDay 3: Gorilla Trekking- Visit Twin LakesToday after breakfast, your guide will transfer

44、 you to Volcanoes National Park headquarters to start your gorilla trekking.You will trek through foothills of the Virunga, enjoying great views from all angles. Upon seeing where the mountain gorillas are, you will stay with them for an hour as they go about their day-to-day life- playing, feeding,

45、 touching among others. Coming face to face with these endangered mountain gorillas is an experience you will never forget.PS: We highly recommend that you hire services of a waiter who carries your backpack during the gorilla trekking. It costs 15 US dollars per waiter.Accommodation: Bisate Lodge M

46、eal Plan: All mealsDay 4: DepartureToday after breakfast, you will be transferred back to Kigali International Airport for your onward journey.10. What can tourists do at Bisate Lodge?A. Visit a modem building.B. Tour Kigali with a guide,C. Lear the history of Rwanda.D. Do some bird watching.11. Wha

47、t can tourists do with gorillas while hiking?A. Meet gorillas face to face.B. Feed gorillas with snacks.C. Play with gorillas for an hour.D. Follow the footprints of gorillas.12. What is strongly advised for tourists on Day 3?A. Exploring the volcanoes,B. Employing a porter for help.C. Catching a mo

48、untain gorilla.D. Leaving the backpack in the hotel.5Portugals most beautiful seaside destinationsThe long coastline of Portugal is extraordinarily diverse. Wind your way along it and you will find true Portugal,its history,its heart and its soul.CascaisOriginally a little whitewashed fishing village, Cascais became a summer residence for wealthy noblemen in the late 19th century. It is now a busy, modern town, but along its shoreline,it still has palatial villas (富丽堂皇的别墅), many of which have been turned into hotels,and its pretty town square and old streets hav